scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Bachhav ◽  
Ravindranath Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Aldose Reductase Inhibition

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of the flower of Spathodea camapanulata (EFESC) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy.Methods: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced in overnight fasted adult wistar strain albino male rats weighing 160-200g by a single intraperitoneal injection (i. p) of streptozotocin (STZ-65 mg/kg). The rats were randomized into six groups, with six animals each, namely normal control (NC) (Treated with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose solution), diabetic control (DC) (65 mg/kg., i. p. STZ), test group treated at various doses of EFESC250, EFESC500, and EFESC750, standard control-glibenclamide0.25 mg/kg b.w.(SCG) and the treatment has begun from the day of blood sugar level (BSL) detection after the STZ treatment. Body weight was checked daily and serum glucose levels were measured at 48 h, 15th and 28th d of study. Reaction time to thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were measured after induction of diabetes. In vitro, aldose reductase inhibition assay was carried out.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids in EFESC. DC group showed decreased in reaction time (hyperalgesia) compared to NC while a significant increase in reaction time was observed at various doses EFESC250, EFESC500, EFESC750 and SCG0.25. EFESC at various doses showed the significant reduction in BSL and body weight on 15th and 28th d in STZ diabetic rat at various dose levels. In vitro, aldose reductase inhibition was observed with an IC50 at 131 μg/ml.Conclusion: EFESC showed reduced in BSL and prevents hyperalgesia in experimental diabetic neuropathy. It also reduced aldose-reductase level that may play an important role in reducing the complication of diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTION OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. AGAINST DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lee Wei Yang ◽  
Santosh Fattepur ◽  
Kiran Chanabasappa Nilugal ◽  
Fadli Asmani ◽  
Eddy Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Rotarod Performance

Objective: The present study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effect of Abelmoschus esculentus L. on alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (130 mg/kg b.w). The ethanol extract of A. esculentus L. at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight was administered at single dose per day to alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose was screened in the intermittent on day 0, day 14, and day 21. Behavioral tests such as thermal hyperalgesia test and rotarod performance test were performed to assess the thermal sensitivity and muscle grip strength. At the end of the study period, experimental animals were sacrificed and sciatic nerve tissues were obtained for histopathological investigation.Results: Animals treated with A. esculentus L. extarct at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight significantly reduced (p<0.05) in hyperglycemia and thermal hyperalgesia and significantly increased (p<0.05) in rotarod performance. The sciatic nerve fiber of diabetic rats receiving 200 mg/kg of body weight of A. esculentus L. extract also shows no swelling of nerve fibers, and lesser demyelination was observed.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that A. esculentus L. exhibits significant antidiabetic and neuroprotective effect against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Activities of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts and solvent Fractions against Salmonella Typhi

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Adetutu Adewale ◽  
Olaniyi Deborah Temitope ◽  
Awodugba Tamilore ◽  
Owoade Abiodun Olusoji ◽  
Olaniyan, Lamidi Waheed B. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Neem Leaves

Typhoidal salmonella infections remain a challenge in the health care system in sub-Saharan Africa. Carrier status and advent of multi-drug resistant S. Typhi strains have necessitated the search for new drug leads. Hence, this study aims at investigating P. guajava and A. indica leaves for anti-salmonella activities. Guava and neem leaves were extracted by maceration in methanol and fractionated by solvent partitioning. In vitro activities were assessed by agar well diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Sixty male rats were randomized to 10 groups of 6 animals each for the in vivo experiments. Groups of rats except, normal control, were induced with 0.5McFarland of S. Typhi suspension orally. Treatment groups received 200 mg/kg body weight of extracts and fractions, and the control groups were treated with 14.29mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin and 1%v/v DMSO for 7 days post-infection. Biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Hematological parameters were analyzed with automated hematology diagnostic machine. All fractions of P. guajava and three of A. indica inhibited S. Typhi growth with Zone of Inhibition (ZI) ranging from 11-15 mm. Active fractions inhibited 48.60-62.45% of S. Typhi biofilm formation at 25 mg/mL with Minimum Bactericidal Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) of 0.39-12.5 mg/mL. All fractions improved body weight of treated rats and inhibited bacteremia at 44.75 and 95.94%. Hematological parameters improved in all fractions-treated rats. MDA was not significantly (p<0.05) altered in all groups. One fraction of P. guajava (ePg) lowered the elevated level in concentration of Nitric oxide (NO) while all fractions enhanced the lowered activity of SOD. Elevated (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin (BIL) were lowered by all fractions to various extents in treated rats. Fractions of P. guajava, and A. indica could be further considered for identification of active anti-salmonella principle(s).

Role of glycine-containing oligopeptides in blood cells aggregation stimulated by adrenaline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Голубева
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Current Interest

Введение. Изменение реологических свойств крови характерно для различных заболеваний, многие из которых связаны с нарушением реологии и, прежде всего, с изменением агрегации эритроцитов. Целью исследования было сравнение влияния малых регуляторных пептидов, являющихся фрагментами нейрогормонов, на агрегацию эритроцитов и тромбоцитов под действием адреналина в экспериментах in vitro. Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проводили на белых беспородных крысах-самцах, массой тела 180-200 г. Использовали пептиды, представляющие собой С-концевые фрагменты вазопрессина (Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) и окситоцина (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2). Результаты. Показано, что малые регуляторные пептиды, являющиеся продуктами протеолиза нейропептидов, оказывают существенное влияние на агрегатное состояние клеток крови. При сравнении влияния пептидов на агрегацию клеток крови, стимулированную адреналином, установлено, что фрагмент вазопрессина Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 вызывал достоверное усиление агрегации как эритроцитов, так и тромбоцитов; тогда как фрагмент окситоцина Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 ингибировал только агрегацию эритроцитов, не изменяя агрегации тромбоцитов. Заключение. Изучение путей поэтапного протеолиза пептидов может привести к разработке новых препаратов для направленной коррекции различных нарушений в организме, поэтому изучение эффектов С-концевых фрагментов гипофизарных гормонов на гемостаз является актуальным. Introduction. The changing of blood rheological properties is typical for various diseases; many of them are associated with rheology disorder and primarily with change of erythrocytes aggregation. The aim was to compare the effect of small regulatory peptides (fragments of neurohormones) on the aggregation of erythrocytes and platelets under adrenaline action in experiments in vitro. Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on white outbred male rats, body weight 180-200 g. We used 2 peptides – C-terminal fragments of vasopressin (Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) and oxytocin (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2). Results. It was shown that small regulatory peptides (they are products of neuropeptides proteolysis) had a significant effect on blood cells aggregation. We compared the peptides effect on blood cells aggregation stimulated by adrenaline. It was found that vasopressin fragment Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 significantly increased both erythrocytes and platelets aggregation, while oxytocin fragment Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 inhibited only erythrocytes aggregation without changing of platelet aggregation. Conclusion. Investigation of phased peptides proteolysis may result in the development of new drugs for targeted correction of various disturbances. So it is of current interest to study the effects of C-terminal fragments of pituitary hormones on hemostasis.

scholarly journals In vitro pituitary and testicular effects of the leptin-related synthetic peptide leptin(116-130) amide involve actions both similar to and distinct from those of the native leptin molecule in the adult rat

2000 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tena-Sempere ◽  
L Pinilla ◽  
LC Gonzalez ◽  
J Navarro ◽  
C Dieguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion

The obese gene (ob) product, leptin, has recently emerged as a key element in body weight homeostasis, neuroendocrine function and fertility. Identification of biologically active, readily synthesized fragments of the leptin molecule has drawn considerable attention, as they may provide a powerful tool for detailed characterization of the biological actions of leptin in different experimental settings. Recently, a fragment of mouse leptin protein comprising amino acids 116-130, termed leptin(116-130) amide, was shown to mimic the effects of the native molecule in terms of body weight gain and food intake, and to elicit LH and prolactin (PRL) secretion in vivo. As a continuation of our previous experimental work, the present study reports on the effects of leptin(116-130) amide on basal and stimulated testosterone secretion by adult rat testis in vitro. In addition, a comparison of the effects of human recombinant leptin and leptin(116-130) amide at the pituitary level on the patterns of LH, FSH, PRL and GH secretion is presented. As reported previously by our group, human recombinant leptin(10(-9)-10(-7)M) significantly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone secretion in vitro. Similarly, incubation of testicular tissue in the presence of increasing concentrations of leptin(116-130) amide (10(-9)-10(-5)M) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone secretion; a reduction that was significant from a dose of 10(-7)M upwards. In addition, leptin(116-130) amide, at all doses tested (10(-9)-10(-5)M), significantly decreased LH and FSH secretion by incubated hemi-pituitaries from adult male rats. In contrast, in the same experimental protocol, recombinant leptin(10(-9)-10(-7)M) was ineffective in modulating LH and FSH release. Finally, neither recombinant leptin nor leptin(116-130) amide were able to change basal PRL and GH secretion in vitro. Our results confirm the ability of leptin, acting at the testicular level, to inhibit testosterone secretion, and map the effect to a domain of the leptin molecule that lies between amino acid residues 116 and 130. In addition, we provide evidence for a direct inhibitory action of leptin(116-130) amide on pituitary LH and FSH secretion, a phenomenon not observed for the native leptin molecule, in the adult male rat.

Aldose Reductase Inhibition in Diabetic Neuropathy: Clinical and Neurophysiological Studies of one Year's Treatment with Sorbinil

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. O'Hare ◽  
M. H. Morgan ◽  
P. Alden ◽  
S. Chissel ◽  
I. A. D. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Aldose Reductase Inhibition ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies

Antioxidant potential of thyme extract: alleviation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rana ◽  
G Soni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
And Control

Protective role of thyme extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced oxidative stress has been evaluated in albino rats. For this, one group of rats were fed diet supplemented with thyme extract (0.5%) and served as the test group, whereas animals of the other group fed on normal diet served as the control group. The rats were fed on respective diets for a period of 2 weeks after which stress was induced to half the animals of each group by i.p. administration of NDEA at 200 mg/kg body weight. Animals were killed 48 h post stress-induction period. Feed intake and body weight decreased significantly in both test and control groups, the effect being less in test group. Increase in osmotic fragility and in-vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO) on stress induction was of lower degree in the test group. NDEA toxicity was mainly reflected in liver as evidenced by increased activities of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The effect was of lower degree in test group as compared with that in the control group. Increase in urea levels observed following NDEA administration was also of lower degree in test groups. Blood glutathione (GSH) levels increased more so in test group compared with control group on stress induction. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (Px), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased significantly on stress induction in erythrocytes. LPO increased in all the tissues through varying degree, and the increase was appreciably of lower degree in test group. The activity of SOD increased significantly in both test and control group on stress induction, whereas activities of Px and CAT decreased following NDEA treatment, and the effects were of lower degree in test group. Thus, supplementation of diet with thyme extract can improve antioxygenic potential and hence help to prevent oxidative stress.

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