scholarly journals A plain language summary of how well the single-dose Janssen vaccine works and how safe it is

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sadoff ◽  
F Struyf ◽  
M Douoguih
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
New England ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
America South

This is a summary of a publication about the ENSEMBLE trial of the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19, which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in April 2021. The ENSEMBLE study started in September 2020 and is still ongoing. The study compared the effectiveness of the vaccine to a placebo in 43,783 adults from Latin America, South Africa, and the United States. Of those, 19,630 got a single dose of the vaccine. Compared to the placebo, the vaccine prevented: 66.9% of moderate to severe–critical COVID-19 cases after 14 days 66.1% of moderate to severe–critical COVID-19 cases after 28 days 85.4% of severe COVID-19 cases after 28 days 100% of people with severe COVID-19 from needing to go to hospital for treatment None of the vaccinated participants died from COVID-19. There were 5 people who got the placebo who died from COVID-19. The vaccine was similarly effective in people from all age groups and different countries, including South Africa, where most cases were caused by the beta variant of the virus that originated there. The people in the study who got the vaccine who went on to get COVID-19 generally had milder and fewer symptoms than those who got the placebo. In most people, the vaccine started working after about 2 weeks. After receiving the vaccine, some people experienced pain at the injection site, headache, tiredness, muscle pain, and nausea. In most cases, these were mild and went away within a few days. Serious side effects were very rare. Blood clots, seizures, and tinnitus were very rare but were more common in the people who got the vaccine than in those who got the placebo. At the time of the study, it was not clear if these were caused by the vaccine or not. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT number: NCT04505722 .

Introduction The Environment, the People, and the State: The Connecticut River Valley, 1790-7930

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Cumbler
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
State Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Human Habitation

Early twentieth-century conservation in the United States has been identified in the public mind with the West and the protection of wilderness, parks, and national forests. Some scholars have explored conservation through the writings of naturalists and antimodernists like Henry David Thoreau. What we have only recently come to appreciate is that there was a whole generation of reformers very much concerned about the environment who were neither antimodernists nor wilderness protectors. They were modernists who rejected not the modern world, but the way the modern world was being fashioned. They did not retreat or long to retreat into the wilderness but lived in cities and towns. And they struggled to make the environment of the most settled parts of the nation more amenable to human habitation. It was in New England where these reformers first began to make their claims for the rights of citizens to clean air, clean water, and clean soil. The Massachusetts board of health argued, less than five years after the Civil War, for aggressive state action on the claim that “all citizens have an inherent right to the enjoyment of pure and uncontaminated air, and water, and soil, that this right should be regarded as belonging to the whole community, and that no one should be allowed to trespass upon it by his carelessness or his avarice.” And the New Hampshire board, in its first report, stated that “every person has a legitimate right to nature’s gifts—pure water, air, and soil—a right belonging to every individual, and every community upon which no one should be allowed to trespass through carelessness, ignorance, or other cause.” New England’s first environmental crisis was brought on by its people’s fecundity and by their material practices in the late eighteenth century. Out of that crisis emerged a changed New England with concentrated manufacturing centers and increasingly market-oriented agriculture. Although not all New Englanders enthusiastically supported this change all were affected by it. Within three generations, New Englanders saw their region transformed. That transformation created a new set of troubles. The emergence of those new problems, and the solutions nineteenthcentury Yankees offered, is the story of this book.

International Report: Sludge management and related legislation

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leschber
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
European Union ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
International Report ◽  
America South

This report comprises the present sludge management practices with special view to agricultural utilization in the European Union and some accessing countries in eastern Europe in comparison with countries from Asia, the United States of America, South Africa and Australia. Information is given on the respective legislation and on future trends.

The Founding of New Societies: Studies in the History of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Max Savelle ◽  
Louis Hartz ◽  
Kenneth D. McRae ◽  
Richard M. Morse ◽  
Richard N. Rosecrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
America South

“We have left undone those things which we ought to have done”: Southern Religious History in Retrospect and Prospect

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American South ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The South ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The American South ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Many

One of the most distinguishing marks of the American South is that religion is more important for the people who live there than for their fellow citizens in the restof the country. When this trait began to identify the region is surprisingly unclear, but it has begun to attract attention from scholars of religion and society who have hitherto been esteemed as students primarily of areas outside the South. The study of religion in Dixie cannot but benefit from this change. After centuries of obsession with thickly settled, college-proud, and printexpressive New England—an area not noted for excessive modesty in thinking about its place in the New World—students of American religion are turning to a region whose history has sustained a selfconsciousness that makes its place in American religious history unique. For studying the American South begins with a dilemma born of ambiguity: whether to treat it as a place or an idea. Sometimes, to be sure, the South appears to be both; but sometimes it is “place” presented as an idea; and sometimes it is a place whose historical experience should have, according to reflective writers, taught Americans historical and moral lessons they have failed to learn. Confusion results in part from the South's contested history not only between the region and the rest of the United States but also among various competing groups within its permeable and frequently indistinct borders. Differences between region and nation will, however, continue to dominate conversation even though the myth of southern distinctiveness may mislead students as much as the myth of its evangelical homogeneity. If inquiry about religion in the South should be sensitive to the many faith communities there, the history of the South will still by contrast provide insight into the broader “American” society.

Developmental Aspects of Ideational Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality: South Africa and the United States

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ripple ◽  
Gail A. Jaquish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

A cross-cultural study was conducted to provide evidence related to previous research results on the life-span development of three divergent thinking abilities (fluency, flexibility, and originality). Samples from four age groups (children, adolescents, young adults, adults) in each of two cultures (South Africa and the United States) served as participants. Participants responded to presentation of four groups of auditory stimuli recorded on a casette tape. Responses were scored for fluency, flexibility, and originality. Developmental trends across the four age groups displayed a similar pattern in both cultures for all three variables. The developmental shape of these patterns was similar to those displayed In previous research using larger samples in the United States.

scholarly journals Bibliometric analysis of worldwide publications on multi-, extensively, and totally drug – resistant tuberculosis (2006–2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Sweileh ◽  
Adham S. AbuTaha ◽  
Ansam F. Sawalha ◽  
Suleiman Al-Khalil ◽  
Samah W. Al-Jabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New England ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Number Of Publications

Background: The year 2015 marked the end of United Nations Millennium Development Goals which was aimed at halting and reversing worldwide tuberculosis (TB). The emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for worldwide TB control. The aim of this study was to give a bibliometric overview of publications on multi-, extensively, and totally drug-resistant TB. Methods: Scopus database was used to retrieve articles on multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) tuberculosis for the study period (2006–2015). The number of publications, top productive countries and institutions, citation analysis, co-authorships, international collaboration, active authors, and active journals were retrieved and analyzed. Results: A total of 2260 journal articles were retrieved. The mean ± SD citations per article was 7.04 ± 16.0. The h-index of retrieved data was 76. The number of publications showed a three – fold increase over the study period compared with less than two – fold increase in tuberculosis research during the same study period. Stratified by number of publications, the United States of America ranked first while Switzerland ranked first in productivity per 100 million people, and South Africa ranked first in productivity stratified per one trillion Gross Domestic Product. Three of the High Burden Countries (HBC) MDR-TB (India, China, and South Africa) were present in top productive countries. High percentage of international collaboration was seen among most HBC MDR-TB. Except for Plos One journal, most active journals in publishing articles on MDR, XDR, TDR-TB were in infection – related fields and in general medicine. Top 20 cited articles were published in prestigious journal such as Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine. The themes in top 20 cited articles were diverse, ranging from molecular biology, diagnostic tools, co-infection with HIV, and results of new anti-TB drugs. Conclusion: Publications on MDR, XDR and TDR – TB are increasing in the past decade. International collaboration was common. Many low resourced African and Asian countries will benefit from research leading to new diagnostic and screening technology of TB. The exchange of expertise, ideas and technology is of paramount importance in this field.

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