scholarly journals The Legality of Small Arms Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Nicola Piccini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
Arms Trade

Officially, international control of small arms and light weapons (SALW) has made considerable advancements in recent years, most notably in the form of the 2014 Arms Trade Treaty (ATT). Nonetheless, important systemic and structural deficiencies seem to persist, which prevent these control mechanisms from achieving their intended purpose. In an attempt to find an explanation for these shortcomings, this article traces back previous attempts aimed at combatting the illicit proliferation of SALW, by emphasising both their unbowed demand and the trade’s continuous commercial viability. The example of Bulgarian-made AK-47 machineguns underlines the picture of a system intentionally failing to prevent the weapons’ profitable export. It concludes that following the rise of globalisation, the privatisation of SALW manufacturing industries appears to have become the biggest impediment to effective control. Subsequently, it is argued that most anti-proliferation treaties are deliberately limited to a priori insufficient trade restrictions, as they lack any pre-emptive measures that target these weapons’ mass production in the first place. Once produced, SALW will find a buyer – no matter the existence of trade restrictions.

The American Record in Industrial Policy: Results of Programs for Troubled Manufacturing Industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-214
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
High Definition Television ◽  
Declining Industries ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors

As many manufacturing industries have declined and as much American manufacturing has become vulnerable to foreign competition, numerous groups have suggested that programs to intervene in specific manufacturing sectors could help. Proponents focus on aid to telecommunications, aerospace, information technology, and high-definition television, where an edge in new technology may be key to the industries' success, but they also touch on aid to declining industries. Opponents of trade restrictions often argue that policies should facilitate adjustment in industries injured by trade. Other groups call for a technological “revolution” in manufacturing to restore international competitiveness through programs to facilitate adjustment and to speed the transition to new kinds of manufacturing. Others, concerned about massive job losses in depressed manufacturing communities, have called for improving the welfare of workers and communities.

Machines, Markets, and Labor: The Carriage and Wagon Industry in Late-Nineteenth-Century Cincinnati

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Fuel Costs

Students of the innovative process in American manufacturing have emphasized the scarcity of labor and the consequent need for labor-saving machines. In the late nineteenth century one of the country's largest manufacturing industries was the production of carriages, which, in its most important center, Cincinnati, was organized on a mass production basis. But Professor Duggan finds that problems of the quantity and quality of labor were secondary in carriage factories, compared to other factors such as fuel costs, factory space, and the need to stabilize the quality and price of vehicles marketed by the industry as a whole.

scholarly journals Corporate governance vs. crisis of company

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
P. Moulis
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Common

There is a lot of available investigations in the area of company crisis reasons problems nowadays. These inquiries were summarised into the indicators of company crisis reasons. The development and level of these indicators is not possible to consider to be company crisis reasons but above all to be its manifestation. The veritable reason of crisis is the absence of effective control mechanisms in the company, especially of the “natural” control mechanisms. The natural control mechanism means such as rises from the substance of joint stock companies (respectively legal rules of joint stock company). There is a presumption of control activities interaction among the General Assembly, Supervisory Board and Board. Control mechanisms work on the common economic principles’ base in this sense and it means that the owner is considered to be the primary managing element and the management acts as the derivative managing element. The assumption of effective economic principles functioning is the existence of standard variable of these relations i. e. the existence of relevant interests.

Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate Trends in Deeproot Sedge (Cyperus entrerianus)

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. King ◽  
Warren C. Conway ◽  
David J. Rosen ◽  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Hans M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Plant

Native to temperate South America, deeproot sedge has naturalized throughout the southeastern United States. Often forming dense, homogenous stands, deeproot sedge has become widespread, invasive, and potentially harmful ecologically throughout the coastal prairie ecoregion of Texas. Possessing characteristics (rapid growth, generalized habitat requirements) of other weedy congeners (purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge), its relatively recent expansion highlights the critical need to develop effective control techniques and strategies for this species throughout this endangered ecoregion. Research was performed to delineate total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) trends in deeproot sedge rhizomes for development of a phenologically based schedule for herbicide applications and mechanical treatments. Overall, TNC levels were greatest in May to August and lowest from October to January, regardless of study area. Apparently, deeproot sedge exerts little energy into seed production because TNC levels were continually replenished throughout the growing season. As such, foliar-herbicide application throughout the growing season should achieve total plant kill. Conversely, deeproot sedge rhizome TNC levels never fell below 30%, even during winter, which indicates that winter mechanical treatments or winter prescribed fires will not be effective because substantial rhizome reserves are present to support resprouting during the next growing season. Beyond a priori prevention, sequential herbicide applications combined with integrated, sequential, prescribed fire and herbicide treatments will be needed for long-term deeproot sedge control throughout its geographic range.

scholarly journals Legacies of Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bara
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
At Home

Civil wars have a tendency to spread across borders. In several instances of conflict diffusion, however, conflicts spread well after their cessation at home. Whereas existing diffusion research has not attached much importance to this observation, I argue that these conflicts are instances of a broader pattern of postconflict diffusion. Wars are particularly prone to spread after termination because the end of fighting generates a surplus of weapons, combatants, and rebel leaders whose fortunes are tied to the continuation of violence. Some of these resources circulate throughout the region via the small arms trade and through transnational rebel networks, making this a time at which it should be easier for nonstate groups in the neighborhood to build a capable rebel army. The results from two complementary statistical tests on global conflict data provide strong support for such a postconflict diffusion effect.

scholarly journals The Emergence of the Arms Trade Treaty as a Global Norm Cluster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Belinda Kay Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
International Society ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Instrument Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The Arms Trade Treaty brings together a number of small arms control norms into one instrument and is a new initiative, which was instigated by state and NGO norm entrepreneurs. This thesis attempts to understand what has led to the emergence of these norms in the Arms Trade Treaty, in what will be termed a ‘cluster’ of small arms norms. Examining the small arms norms associated with the Arms Trade Treaty will explain their development and their likelihood of successfully being incorporated into this instrument. Analysis of the development of the norms related to the Arms Trade Treaty will explore the relationship between norms, their promoters and their opponents. This thesis will do this by providing detailed analysis of the development of specific norms in a series of case studies: control over arms brokering, transfers to non-state actors and civilian possession. It will place this development within the broader context of the ATT instrument and the international society in which it is emerging into. This thesis finds that power and powerful states have a significant role to play in the emergence of norms, in some cases despite the efforts of norm promoters. Norms were not able to emerge in their original form due to the influence of powerful states, which resulted in norms evolving in different directions or not emerging at all.</p>

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