scholarly journals Arguing Spanish voseo tuteante verb endings: learning, variation and history with OT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 123-152
Author(s):  
Miguel Vázquez-Larruscaín
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Global Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latin American Spanish ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Over Time

The full historical trajectory of voseo (second plural) forms becoming (deferent) second singular forms — as in Latin vos amātis (2pl) > Medieval Spanish vos amádes (2sg formal) — is a central chapter in the history of Spanish. In many Latin-American Spanish vernaculars, classical voseo fused with the original tuteo, giving rise to a new neutral address paradigm, voseo tuteante (Pre-classical Spanish voseo: vos amádes, amáes, amáis, amás (2sg formal) > Latin-American Spanish voseo tuteante: vos amáis, amás (2sg informal)). After a process of selection from the available options, four sets of endings have survived in those varieties: (áis, éis, ís / ás, és, ís / áis, ís, ís / ás, ís, ís). Why these four? The analysis proposed here builds on global properties of the verb system: (i) the verb suffix -is definitively replaced -des in the second half of the XVII century and the early XVIII century, and (ii) the four sets of endings now extant are exactly the ones that can be learned by Optimality-Theoretic grammar-inductive algorithms. This analysis supports the generative view that only languages with learnable grammars are passed on to future generations. Unlearnable languages are most likely to be lost over time. Similarly, variation is also constrained by the limits set by learnability conditions.

A cross-cultural analysis of the Test of Memory Malingering among Latin American Spanish-speaking adults.

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Nijdam-Jones ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Test Of Memory Malingering ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Latin American Spanish ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Cross Cultural Analysis

scholarly journals Revisiting the past: human rights education and epistemic justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Adami
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Human Rights Education ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Postcolonial Feminist ◽  
Second World

Epistemic injustice in human rights education (HRE) can be found in a colonial historical trajectory of human rights that rests on accounts of western agency only. Such narratives overshadow the legacy of Indian and Pakistani freedom fighters and Latin American feminists who negotiated human rights against colonial, patriarchal and racist discourses after the Second World War. Without their contribution a United Nations (UN) rights concept risked being limited to a western trajectory of the ‘Rights of Man’ that represents a monistic universalism. The paper revisits the history of the United Nations, unearthing historical counternarratives of what a pluralistic universalism of human rights means by adding knowledge about postcolonial feminist subjects who spoke of a positive conception that could reduce injustice.

scholarly journals Historical and cultural pharmaceutical heritage: conceptualization, differentiation and content

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Elena I. Mamaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Pharmaceutical Science ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Activity ◽  
History Of

Pharmaceutical heritage is a set of scientific and practical achievements of pharmaceutical activity of mankind. Historical and cultural pharmaceutical heritage is a collection of tangible and intangible evidence of the historical development of pharmaceutical science and practice, embodying a significant socio-cultural experience of humanity and preserved for transmission to future generations. Pharmaceutical and medical heritage is difficult to differentiate due to the long joint history of development and intertwining modern practices, but the separation of the professions of a doctor and a pharmacist allows us to distinguish the historical and cultural pharmaceutical heritage from the end of the XVII century. Historical and cultural pharmaceutical heritage is classified into tangible and intangible, according to functional characteristics, material historical and cultural heritage is divided into movable and immovable heritage.

Face-Name Associative Memory Exam--Latin American Spanish Version

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Kathryn V. Papp ◽  
Rebecca E. Amariglio ◽  
Valeria L. Torres ◽  
Ana Baena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Latin American Spanish ◽  
American Spanish

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Education Act

This epilogue briefly identifies some of the major changes in Spanish language politics since World War II. These include community shifts in activism. For example, the Chicano Movementreclaimed the language and advocated for culturally affirming bilingual education programs. The epilogue also turns to federal support for Spanish instruction with the 1968 Bilingual Education Act and with the 1975 extension to the Voting Rights Act that provides federal protection for ballots in languages other than English. Spanish is no longer a language of just the Southwest and there are major populations of Spanish speakers in cities like Chicago, New York, and Miami today. In 2013, tens of millions of U.S. residents spoke Spanish in their homes. Spanish language perseverance in the United States is due to a long history of Latin American migration to the country. It began as a language of settlement and power in the nineteenth century and has transformed into a language often deemed as foreign or un-American. Spanish is an American language historically and this book has recovered that history.

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