scholarly journals Lasers in Passive Optical Networks and the Activation Process of an End Unit: A Tutorial

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Horvath ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Ning-Hai Bao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Longitudinal Mode ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Line ◽  
Optical Distribution

It is 21 years since the first passive optical network (PON) was standardized as an asynchronous transfer mode passive optical network (APON) with same optical distribution network scheme as we know in current networks. A lot of PON networks were standardized in the following years and became an important part of telecommunication. The general principles of these PON networks are described in many papers and books, but only a little information about used lasers is available. The aim of this tutorial is to describe lasers used in PON networks and principles of their operation. The paper describes the principles of single longitudinal mode (SLM), multi longitudinal mode (MLM), distributed-feedback (DFB), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) lasers. Furthermore, the lasers are compared by their usage in optical line termination (OLT) for passive optical networks. The second part of this tutorial deals with activation process of optical network unit. The described principle is the same for connection of a new customer or blackout scenario. The end unit is not able to communicate until reach the operational state; each state is defined with physical layer operation and administration and maintenance (PLOAM) messages sequence and their processing.

scholarly journals Perspective Application of Passive Optical Network with Optimized Bus Topology

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lafata ◽  
J. Vodrazka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Optical Distribution

Passive optical networks (PONs) represent a promising solution for modern access telecommunication networks. These networks are able to meet the increasing demands on transmission rate for demanding multimedia services, while they can offer typical shared transmission speed of 1.25 or 2.5 Gbps. The major role in deploying optical distribution networks ODNs plays the maximum attenuable loss, which is caused mainly by passive optical splitters. This paper proposes an innovative application of passive optical networks with optimized bus topology especially for local backbone data networks. Due to using only passive components, it is necessary to optimize certain parameters, especially an overall attenuation balance. Considering the possibility of such optimization, the passive optical network with optimized bus topology provides several interesting opportunities for specific applications. This paper will present selected aspects of passive optical networks and splitters with asymmetric splitting ratio. The essential part is focused on the practical demonstration of their use to optimize the passive optical network with bus topology, which acts as a local backbone network for structured cabling systems, and for local data networks in large buildings.

Broadband NG-PON Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator

2014 ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Róka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Basic Characteristics

With the emerging applications and needs of ever increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and for network operators to develop valuable access networks. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Therefore, some general requirements for NG-PON networks are characterized and specified. Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (HPON) present a necessary phase of the future transition between PON classes with TDM or WDM multiplexing techniques utilized on the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. Therefore, some specific requirements for HPON networks are characterized and presented. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are also specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics and distinctions. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced in this chapter. Its main aim is helping users, professional workers, network operators and system analysts to design, configure, analyze, and compare various variations of possible hybrid passive optical networks. Some of the executed analysis is presented in detail.

scholarly journals Novel Algorithm in Activation Process of GPON Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Horvath ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Michal Jurcik ◽  
Miloslav Filka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Current Algorithm ◽  
Economical Aspect ◽  
Novel Algorithms ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Passive optical networks are dominating access networksaround the world due to its their economical aspect, bandwidth, and penetration. It is necessary to deal with specification of these networks. The article deals with a transmission convergence layer of a Gigabit passive optical network, especially the activation process for ONUs. When the blackout affects all ONUs in the network, all ONUs need to be resynchronized with OLT but the current algorithm affects that for higher value of ONUs synchronization after a couple of minutes. We proposed a novel algorithm for an ONU activation time with the same frame structure and state machine, which are defined in the main specification. We verified the proposed algorithm by simulation and compare results for the current and novel algorithms. Ourresults confirm that it is possible to achieve the better time up to nineteen times lower synchronization time in comparison with the current algorithm.

An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Bharat Naresh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
High Data

Abstract Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical is promising technique to achieve a high data rate and large number of user. The notable advantages of WDM PON is the combination of reliability, cheap in cost, accessible bandwidth, high security, large optical reach and it can support large number of ONU. There are multiple approaches to achieve high-speed WDN PON using different transmission techniques. In WDM, multiple lasers are required which increase the cost of the system. To reduce cost, an optical multicarrier generation system is proposed. An economical multiple carrier generation with the incorporation of sine generator and Mach–Zehndar modulator is demonstrated. Utmost work of sine generator and dual drive modulator was to attain low cost functioning of passive optical networks. Multicarrier generation was done and replacement of laser carriers with optical multicarrier generator. Carriers were generated with the frequency spacing of 20 GHz and these carriers were used in the passive optical networks with the tone-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, amplitude difference of 1.4 dB. For the transmission of downstream in the PON, differential phase shift keying was employed at 10 Gbps data speed. Transmission distance achieved was 30 km using single-mode fiber and this was a part of optical distribution network. Optical network unit was next part after ODN and signals were received with balanced receiver. Moreover, half signal was given to intensity modulator for the signal re-modulation. Bit error rate of 10–9 was achieved at all channels in the downstream. An upstream of 10 Gbps was accomplished in the passive optical network.

Reliability of Multiple-Stage Cascaded Passive Optical Networks: A Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 994-999
Author(s):  
Ge Jun Gao ◽  
Xun Jie Li ◽  
Shuai Tao ◽  
Jian Hua Shen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Two Stage

Passive Optical Network (PON) technology has been widely accepted as main broadband access which can satisfy the rapid increasing bandwidth requirements. With the expansion of the number of users, as well as the variation of application scenarios, traditional single-stage cascaded or two-stage cascaded PON system can no longer meet users’ demands. This paper proposed four multiple-stage cascaded PON topologies with different protection schemes. Reliability and cost for each topology are presented with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

scholarly journals A Review on Evolution Trends in Passive Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Simranjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Transmitted Power ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Evolution Trend

In this paper, the passive optical network (PON) evolution trend has been discussed. The literature of PON standards which are ATM PON (APON), Broadband PON (BPON), Gigabit PON (GPON), 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON) and next-generation PON2 (NG-PON2) has been reviewed extensively. From the literature review, a comparison of the PON technologies is made. The GPON, XG-PON and NG-PON2 are the most recent PON generations, and these are simulated to find the split per wavelength supported. The Q-factor below 6 is considered unacceptable in the analysis. The results show that the GPON can support 32 ONU when transmitted power set to 3dB. In the case of XG-PON, the Q-factor remains more than 6 for a split ratio up to 16. For the NG-PON2, the observed Q-factor is more than 6 for split up to 32. However, as the split increases above 32, the Q-factor falls below the acceptable level of 6.

scholarly journals AN ENHANCED G-PON FAULT MONITORING TECHNIQUE USING OPTICAL SENSOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Auwalu Usman ◽  
Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli ◽  
Mohd Rashidi Salim ◽  
Kharina Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Optical Line Terminal ◽  
Fbg Sensor ◽  
Fault Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Technique ◽  
Optical Line ◽  
Data Signal ◽  
Optical Distribution

In this study a technique for a centralized fault monitoring and detection in Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (G-PON) using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is proposed. The technique detects fault once it occurs at the vulnerable locations in the fiber optic distribution link by the proposed FBG devices. Monitoring signal in the C-band is reflected by a uniform FBG with different Bragg wavelengths and reflectivities. The FBGs serve as branch identifiers in the network. The reflected signal from the FBGs is analyzed at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in the Central Office (CO) by an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA), to identify the branch with rupture in the network. The simulated result obtained shows that the system can monitor, and detect a fault in the physical layer of the optical distribution network with negligible effects on data signal transmission.

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

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