scholarly journals Study of Diatom Flora of Kaalesar Ghat of Rapti River at Gorakhpur for Forensic Consideration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Mall
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Diatom Test ◽  
Death By Drowning ◽  
Diagnosis Of Death

Abstract: Diatoms are unique algae. They are scientifically known as Bacillariophyceae. Diatoms have been used in forensic science in a variety of ways, the most frequent being the diagnosis of death by drowning. When a person drowns, water will enter the lungs and then enter the bloodstream through ruptures in the peripheral alveoli before being carried to the other organs such as the liver and heart. Naturally, the microscopic contents of the water, which will include diatoms, will pass into the blood as well. The detection of diatoms in the organs can contribute to a diagnosis of death by drowning, a process referred to as the ‘diatom test’. A study was conducted in the department of Forensic Science, SHUATS, Prayagraj which included the extraction and identification of diatoms from the collected water samples from three different sites of Kaalesar Ghat of Rapti River in Gorakhpur. The acid digestion method was used for diatom extraction. And, after analysis total 13 diatom species were found. The identified diatoms were of great ecological assessment that plays an important role in criminal investigations related to premortem or ante-mortem drowning. Keywords: Diatom, Drowning, D-mapping, Rapti-River

Evaluation of automated urinary iodine methods: problems of interfering substances identified

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
W May ◽  
D Wu ◽  
C Eastman ◽  
P Bourdoux ◽  
G Maberly
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Endogenous Substance ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract We evaluated automated methods for measurement of urinary iodine (UI) over a range expected in iodine-replete and iodine-deficient populations. Results obtained with Technicon AutoAnalyzer II systems, based on either dialysis or acid digestion, were compared with those obtained by a manual alkaline ashing technique. Results of automated dialysis were consistently higher than those obtained by the other methods. The apparently higher concentrations of UI we measured were due to interfering substances crossing the dialysis membrane and participating in the catalytic reaction. Thiocyanate (SCN) was one endogenous substance contributing to the increased measurement of UI. For urinary SCN concentrations of 5 to 15 mg/L, the amount of overestimation in the UI measurement attributable to SCN ranged from 21.8 to 61 micrograms/L. However, SCN may account for only 40-50% of the apparent increase in UI. In samples with lower UI (less than 50 micrograms/L), interfering substances produced a 100% error in results. We conclude that the automated dialysis system should not be used to assess iodine-deficient populations. This leaves a major dilemma for researchers wanting to assess the iodine status of populations, because the automated digestion method is no longer commercially available.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Account of the Diatom Flora of Koria, Chhattisgarh

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
R. Sirmour ◽  
M.L. Naik ◽  
M.P. Goutam
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Collection Sites

Water bodies contain a large number of microorganisms, like bacteria, algae, protozoa etc. Algae are the one of the very important group of the organisms. Diatoms are the well known water planktons belonging to family Bacillariophyceae (Hendy, 1980). Diatom flora of koria was observed by using acid digestion method. The present account is based on the collection of about 5 water samples from different place of koria. 18 species from 11 genera were identified from these collection sites; the genera include Achnanthes, Amphora, Cymbella, Eunotia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Hantizschia, Navicula, Nitzschia, Stauroneis and Synedra.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7782

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Forensic and Criminal Cases

2015 ◽  
pp. 552-564
Author(s):  
Gulnaz T. Javan
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good News ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forensic Tools ◽  
Richard Feynman

When Dr. Richard Feynman first gave the good news in 1959 that nanotechnology was on its way to change or perhaps transform the world of technology, many people might have considered his concepts too futuristic to be realized. Criminals, on the other hand, would not have known how effective nanotechnological tools would become in solving crimes in a few decades. Among some of the medical applications of the technology are drug production, diagnostics, and production of medical as well as forensic tools and devices. Forensic science can be described as the sum of scientific tests or techniques used in the investigation of crimes. This chapter is, therefore, aimed at introducing and discussing nanotechnology as applied in forensic science along with instrumentation used in performing nano-analysis. The future prospects of the technology as employed in forensic science and toxicity of nanomaterials are also dealt with in this chapter.

Comparison of Sample Preparation Methods for Phosphorus in Grains and Stock Feeds

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-773
Author(s):  
Aaron E Rash
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The nitric-perchloric acid digestion, 22.070(b) and 22.073, for the determination of phosphorus in grains and stock feeds was compared with three other methods of sample preparation (destruction of organic material) : quinoline molybdate precipitation, perchloric-sulfuric-sodium molybdate digestion, and the plant method. The values obtained by the nitric-perchloric acid method were not in good agreement with those obtained by the other methods studied. Six samples of commercial feeds and one barley sample were analyzed. The barley sample gave very poor recoveries by method 22.073.

scholarly journals Distrionella coxiana, a new fragilarioid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Valeria Casa ◽  
Gabriela Mataloni ◽  
Bart Van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Typical Feature ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Freshwater Diatom

Background and aims – A few years ago, a new survey started of the freshwater diatom flora from peatbogs of Tierra del Fuego (southern Argentina). During this survey, an unknown fragilarioid diatom belonging to the genus Distrionella that could not be identified using the currently available literature was discovered. Methods – Using both Light Microscopical and Scanning Electron Microscopical techniques, the morphology of the unknown Distrionella species has been analysed. The new taxon is properly described, illustrated and compared with all other possible similar Distrionella taxa, known worldwide. Key results – Distrionella coxiana possesses a unique combination of morphological features that excludes conspecificity with all other members of the genus; it is characterized in having narrow, linear valves with small, capitate apices. Transapical ribs, a typical feature of the genus Distrionella, are only weakly developed. One rimoportula is observed close to the apices. Both apices have well-developed apical porefields. The girdle bands bear one complete row of poroids often accompanied by a second, incomplete row of small poroids. Notes on the occurrence and ecology of the new taxon are added.

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