Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Determination of Al, P, and Si in fruit juices stored in glass and aluminized containers

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
K. Soliman ◽  
L. Zikovsky ◽  
C. Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Plastic Coating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentration of Al, P, and Si in 142 samples of five fruit juices, measured with neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy, varies from 0 to 1.44, 31 to 201, and 1.5 to 35 µg/mL, respectively. The mean concentration of Al in apple, grape, grapefruit, orange, and pineapple juices is 0.54, 0.94, 0.24, 0.29, and 0.62 µg/mL, respectively. The mean concentration of P in the same juices is 102, 115, 124, 127, and 76 µg/mL. The storage of juice in aluminized containers with internal plastic coating does not increase the concentration of Al in the juice.

scholarly journals Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simeon O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levelsof Lead, Zinc, Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit.The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensishad 3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1as the mean concentration of lead, zinc, manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriatahad 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1,O. mossambicushad 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1and B. bayadhad 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly (p0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal in frozen shrimp from different seafood processing plants of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shaokat Ali ◽  
Suvanker Saha ◽  
Shamima Ahmed ◽  
Md Forhad Uddin ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Seafood Processing ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study is carried out to determine the level of three common heavy metals i.e. mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from different branded frozen shrimp samples from different processing plants in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. The level of heavy metals is investigated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in twenty different frozen shrimp samples from four different processing plants. The range of mean level of concentration (mg/kg) of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are 0.011-0.042 mg/kg, 0.065-0.087 mg/kg and 0.024-0.081 mg/kg respectively. Lead (Pb) has the highest mean concentration of 0.087 mg/kg while mercury has the lowest mean of 0.011 mg/kg. The mean concentration of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in shrimps was observed within the range of BSTI (Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution) standards for aquatic foods.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 513-517

scholarly journals Levels of some chemical species in water of boreholes situated near dumpsites in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Nwoke IB ◽  
Edori ES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rivers State

The concentration of six chemical species Pb, Cd, As, nitrates, fluorides and sulphates in the groundwater (borehole) samples were investigated in four boreholes sited close to a dumpsite in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nitrates, fluorides and sulphates were analyzed using standard conventional methods while the heavy metals were determined and analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values obtained for the different chemical species within the months of investigation for the stations were in the range: lead; 0.012±0.001-0.015±0.000mg/L, with an average of 0.013±0.001mg/L within the months, Cd; 0.004±0.002-0.005±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months, As; 0.002±0.001-0.003±0.002mg/L, with an average of 0.003±0.001mg/L within the months, nitrates; 0.413±0.172-0.730±0.691mg/L, with an average of 0.511±0.139mg/L within the months, fluorides; 0.004±0.001-0.006±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months and sulphates; 0.197±0.046-0.338±0.072mg/L, with an average of 0.290±0.055mg/L within the months. These values obtained for the different chemical species showed that the boreholes sited near the dumpsite were still at the level that will not pose any health risk to the user, for their concentrations were still within limits allowed by WHO and USEPA. Even though the government and its agencies should regulate the mode of dumping of refuse and also the siting of boreholes so that the groundwater will not be polluted.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME HEAVY METALS LEVELS IN LEAVES, PEELS AND TUBERS OF CASSAVA PLANTED ALONG EAST-WEST ROAD RIVERS STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isaac Eguarkhide Ogah ◽  
Ekpete A. Ozioma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
East West

Introduction: Pollution of the environment by heavy metals has caused serious environmental problems, which threatens the existence of various ecological system, agriculture and human health. This study assessed the comparative analysis of some heavy metals levels in leaves, peels and tubers of cassava planted along East-West Road Rivers State. Materials/Methods: Cassava leaves and tubers samples were collected from farmlands along East-West road (SX, SY and SZ communities, in Emohua, Tai, and Ahoada West LGA respectively), Rivers state, Nigeria. The samples were monitored for heavy metals levels to assess the impact of automobiles on cassava peels, leaves and tubers using Solar Thermo Elementary Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, ModelSG 71906. Metals studied were Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As). Results: The mean concentration of Ni present in leaf was 2.81±0.104 mg/kg, tubers recorded 2.23±0.073 mg/kg and peels 3.20±0.06 mg/kg. The highest concentration (4.064±0.035 mg/kg) of Ni was observed in peels while the least concentration (1.80±1.023 mg/kg) was recorded in the tubers. The mean values of Pb in leaves, tubers and peels were 2.22±1.023 mg/kg, 1.80±1.023 mg/kg and 2.64±0.32, highest concentration was recorded in tubers. Arsenic values were 0.16±0.020 mg/kg > 0.51±0.021 mg/kg > 0.38±0.203 mg/kg in peels, tubers and leaves respectively. The values of As were above WHO safe limit of 0.1mg/kg. Also, the mean values of cadmium in leaves, tubers and peels were 0.054±0.570 mg/kg, 0.046±0.057 mg/kg and 0.16±0.609 mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration (0.138±0.109 mg/kg) was in the tubers. Finally, chromium was found to be present in all the cassava samples (leaves, peels and tubers). The mean concentration of chromium (Cr) was 3.58±0.023 mg/kg, 2.76±0.005 mg/kg and 3.83±0.203 mg/kg in leaves, tubers and peels respectively. Conclusion: From the findings, heavy metals were found in the samples and thus, crops should be cultivated far away from major roads.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Vegetables Grown in Kembu Farms, Gombe, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buhari Magaji ◽  
Fai F. Yirankiyuki ◽  
Simon Y. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
North Eastern

Background: Contamination of vegetables with heavy metals is a health concern. Therefore, monitoring levels of heavy metals in vegetables can provide useful information for promoting food safety. The level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in mg/kg) in vegetable samples from different farms in Kembu, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria were assessed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Methods: Samples of vegetables including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were collected from production/farming sites in Kembu and analyzed for presence of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after extraction by drying, grounding and acid digestion. Results: The level of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd did not indicate excessive contamination that could be considered a serious health hazard to the consumers except for the tomato samples in which the level of Pb was higher than the minimum Pb permissible level for human consumption approved by WHO/FAO (2007) and EU (2006) and are thus, considered unsafe to be used.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) Residue in Selected Tissue and Organs of Slaughtered Goat-Meat randomly selected from Markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure, and Owena

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study investigated Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) content of some selected organs (liver, kidney, heart, and intestine) and tissue (blood) of slaughtered goats randomly sampled from central markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure and Owena, South-western Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the level of heavy metals based on comparison with standards. The mean concentrations obtained Zn were detected in all samples investigated, but Cd was undetected in some samples, especially the liver and blood of goat from Owena. The general trend in the mean concentration of metals was Zn>Pb>Cd, in tissue and organs was kidney > liver > intestine > heart > blood, and in-market, with respect to metals, was Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti=Owena for Cd, Ayegbaju-Ekiti > Akure > Owena for Pb and Owena > Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti for Zn. All the metals in some samples of goat, especially Cd in the kidney (2.50±2.18) from Akure, Pb in the kidney (19.00±9.17 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti and intestine (15.00±17.35 mg/kg) from Akure as well as Zn in the heart (71.50±95.90 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti, had a mean concentration in excess of the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. Some of the tissue and organs of goats sampled from the studied area were therefore polluted with all the metals investigated, and their consumption may have health implications.

scholarly journals GREY WATER FARMING OF LADIES FINGER AND CLUSTER BEANS-INDUCES DIETARY TOXICITY?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Doke Suraj Yashwant ◽  
Chavare Pranav Mohan ◽  
Belvotagi Venkatrao Adavirao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Procedure ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Dietary Toxicity ◽  
Edible Parts

Objective: A large number of farmers are growing different vegetables and supplying them to the Solapur market. The majority of these farms are located on the banks of the “nullah”, whose water is used for irrigation. From, a farm field in Degaon, a village on the Solapur–Mangalvedha road and on the bank of ‘nullah’ two fruit vegetables viz., Ladies Finger (Bhendi) and Cluster Beans (Gawar) are evaluated in the study. The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence of selected toxic non-essential heavy metals i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in the two vegetables.Methods: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for determining the concentration of heavy metals. Optimised wet acid digestion procedure was employed to solubilize the metals from the vegetable samples.Results: The following concentrations (mg/kg) of the non-essential heavy metals were found in the edible parts of the Ladies Finger and Cluster Beans, respectively: Ladies Finger: As (16.07), Hg (16.77), Pb (1.148), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.704 mg/kg) and Cluster Beans: As (18.76), Hg (21.86), Pb (1.675), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.888 mg/kg). The study revealed the presence of all the chosen NEHMs in the vegetables. Cadmium levels in both Cluster Beans and Ladies Finger were below the maximum acceptable limit and hence fit for human consumption as per FSSAI standards As (1.1), Pb (1.0), Cd (1.5), Hg (1.0 ppm). Though unsafe as per WHO/FAO standards As (0.1), Pb (0.5), Cd (0.2), Cr (1.2), Hg (0.05 ppm).Conclusion: The other three NEHMs levels were approximately 15 times more than the permitted levels and hence might pose danger on human consumption. 

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. O. Sam- Uket ◽  
G. B. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption. Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019. Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4. Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Levels in Plastics Housing of Televisions: Is there a changing trend across three decades (1980-2000)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Chioma Grace Okenwa-Ani ◽  
◽  
Nnamdi Lawrence Obasi ◽  
Alfred Ezinna Ochonogor ◽  
Janefrances Ngozi Ihedioha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: This study investigated the concentration of some heavy metals in plastic housing of televisions produced over three decade (1980-2000) with the aim of providing information and comparing the trend in the concentration of these metals. Methods: The heavy metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after acid digestion using a 1:1 mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid. Results: The mean concentration of the heavy metals (mg/kg) in the television sets for 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, respectively, were as follows: 12.75 (Nd); 1.32 (Pb); 1.84, 1.47 & 2.79 (Ni); 1.53, 16.19 & 40.42 (Ag); 82.24, 159.69 & 113.29 (Zn); 7.12, 4.23 & 5.26 (Cr); 3.26, 2.76 & 2.39 (Cu); 4.84, 24.05 & 26.67 (V); 9.30, 8.40 & 12.63 (Co); 2.59, 4.05 & 4.28 (Cd). Conclusion: Although the mean concentrations for Zn, Cu and Ag in the television samples were relatively high, compared to the total threshold limit concentration (TTLC), they were below the threshold limit. These results suggest that there may not be any immediate environmental hazard posed from the TV plastic housings. The correlations analysis showed that most of the metals declined in TV housings over the subsequent decades.

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