scholarly journals Development of Digital Ventilator with Internet of Things for Preparation of the Next Outbreak in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Adiputra ◽  
Isa Hafidz ◽  
Billy Montolalu ◽  
Fauzan Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Input Command

The emergency of the healthcare device unit, such as a ventilator, has been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Therefore, ventilator usage is not hard suggested anymore for COVID-19 patients compared to the outbreak beginning. Despite that, it is still essential to have the ventilator ready, if possible, in each house, for the upcoming respiratory syndrome outbreak. Therefore, in this paper, a digital ventilator development is presented. The digital ventilator is comprised of three main parts, such as respiration mechanism (I), controller Internet of Things (IoT) module (II), and website application (III). The developed digital ventilator has been tested by comparing the measurement of respiratory data between the developed digital ventilator and gas flow analyzer. Results show that the respiratory data, such as Pressure Peak (PPeak), Positive End Respiratory Pressure (PEEP), Inspiratory Expiratory Ratio (IE Ratio), Breath per Minute (BPM), and Tidal Volume can be monitored and controlled both directly and online via website application consistently (standard deviation around 10%) with PPeak absolute error of 1.35 mbar, the PEEP absolute error of 0.16 mbar. Furthermore, the average time response of the digital ventilator to the input command from the website application is 0.23 s. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the doctor can use the website application to control the digital ventilator remotely.

THE INFLUENCE OF FRESH GAS FLOW AND I/E RATIO ON TIDAL VOLUME AND PaCO2 IN ANESTHETIZED PATIENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
M S Scheller ◽  
B L Jones ◽  
J L Benumof
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Gas Flow

Modeling and Calculation of Initial Ignition Gas Pressure Flow through the Rigid Porous Media in 100 mm Ignition Simulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 1103-1113
Author(s):  
Zheng Gang Xiao ◽  
Wei Dong He ◽  
San Jiu Ying ◽  
Fu Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Local Permeability ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Flow Through

To acquire better understanding of the early ignition phenomena in 100mm ignition simulator loaded with packed propellant bed, a theoretical model of ignition gas flow through rigid porous media is developed. Three pressure gauges are installed in the lateral side of ignition simulator for chamber pressure measurements after ignition. The pseupropellant loaded in the chamber is similar to the standard 13/19 single-base cylindrical propellant in size. It is composed of rigid ceramic composite with low thermo conductivity. It is assumed that the pseupropellant bed is rigid in contrast to the previous elastic porous media assumption. The calculated pressure values can be verified by the experimental data well at the low loading density of pseupropellant bed of 0.18 g/cm3. However, there is still error between the experimental and calculated results in the early pressure peak position close to the ignition primer when the loading density of pseupropellant bed increases to 0.73 and 1.06g/cm3, due to the change of local permeability of pseupropellant bed at high loading density, which is assumed a constant in the model for the modeling easily. The calculations can enable better understanding of physical processes of ignition gas flow in the ignition simulator loaded with the pseupropellant bed.

scholarly journals Split ventilation with pressure regulators for patient-specific tidal volumes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayan “Ram” Srinivasan ◽  
Chris A. Rishel ◽  
Barrett J. Larson ◽  
Juhwan Yoo ◽  
Ned M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Pressure Regulator ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Multiple Patients

AbstractAs a measure of last resort during the COVID-19 pandemic, single mechanical ventilators have been repurposed to support multiple patients. In existing split-ventilator configurations using FDA-approved tubing adaptors, each patient receives the same inspiratory pressure, requiring careful matching of patients to avoid barotrauma. Progression of disease may cause tidal volumes to diverge from desired targets, and routine interventions (eg. suctioning) in one patient may adversely affect other patients. To overcome these limitations, we demonstrate a split-ventilator configuration that enables individualized patient management by incorporating a commonly available pressure regulator used for gas appliances. We validate this method by achieving various combinations of tidal volume in each of two synthetic lungs using a standard ventilator machine in combination with two gas flow analyzers. With further safety testing and instrumentation, pressure regulators may represent a viable path to substantially augment the capacity for ventilation in resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals When Resources Are Scarce - Feasibility of Emergency Ventilation of Two Patients With One Ventilator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Reinacher ◽  
Thomas E. Schlaepfer ◽  
Martin A. Schick ◽  
Jürgen Beck ◽  
Hartmut Bürkle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Respiratory System Mechanics ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Artificial Lungs ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
The Individual

AbstractA potential shortage of intensive care ventilators has led to the idea to ventilate more than one patient with a single ventilator. Besides other problems, this is associated with the lack of knowledge concerning distribution of tidal volume and the patients’ individual respiratory system mechanics.In this study we used two simple hand-manufactured adaptors to connect physical models of two adult respiratory systems to one ventilator. The artificial lungs were ventilated in the pressure-controlled mode and we investigated if disconnecting one lung from the ventilation circuit for several breaths would allow to determine reliably the other lung’s tidal volume and compliance.Compliances and volumes were measured both with the ventilator and external sensors corresponded well. However, tidal volumes measured via the ventilator were smaller compared to the tidal volumes measured via the external sensors with an absolute error of 5.3 ± 2.5%. The tidal volumes of the individual artificial lungs were distributed in proportion to the compliances and did not differ relevantly when both artificial lungs were connected to when one was disconnected.We conclude that in case of emergency, ventilation of two patients with one ventilator requires two simple hand-crafted tubes as adaptors and available standard breathing circuit components. In such a setting, respiratory system mechanics and tidal volume of each individual patient can be reliably measured during short term clamping of the tracheal tube of the respective other patient.

Fresh Gas Flow Rate and I:E Ratio Affect Tidal Volume in Anaesthesia Ventilators

1989 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
J. A. Aldrete ◽  
A. J. Adolph ◽  
L. M. Hanna ◽  
H. A. Farag ◽  
M. Ghaemmaghami
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

Pulmonary mechanics during rapid mechanical ventilation in rabbits with saline-lavaged lungs

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Perez Fontan ◽  
B. S. Turner ◽  
G. P. Heldt ◽  
G. A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Ventilatory Rate ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Pressure Volume Relationship ◽  
Linear Ramp

Infants with respiratory failure are frequently mechanically ventilated at rates exceeding 60 breaths/min. We analyzed the effect of ventilatory rates of 30, 60, and 90 breaths/min (inspiratory times of 0.6, 0.3, and 0.2 s, respectively) on the pressure-flow relationships of the lungs of anesthetized paralyzed rabbits after saline lavage. Tidal volume and functional residual capacity were maintained constant. We computed effective inspiratory and expiratory resistance and compliance of the lungs by dividing changes in transpulmonary pressure into resistive and elastic components with a multiple linear regression. We found that mean pulmonary resistance was lower at higher ventilatory rates, while pulmonary compliance was independent of ventilatory rate. The transpulmonary pressure developed by the ventilator during inspiration approximated a linear ramp. Gas flow became constant and the pressure-volume relationship linear during the last portion of inspiration. Even at a ventilatory rate of 90 breaths/min, 28–56% of the tidal volume was delivered with a constant inspiratory flow. Our findings are consistent with the model of Bates et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 58: 1840–1848, 1985), wherein the distribution of gas flow within the lungs depends predominantly on resistive factors while inspiratory flow is increasing, and on elastic factors while inspiratory flow is constant. This dynamic behavior of the surfactant-depleted lungs suggests that, even with very short inspiratory times, distribution of gas flow within the lungs is in large part determined by elastic factors. Unless the inspiratory time is further shortened, gas flow may be directed to areas of increased resistance, resulting in hyperinflation and barotrauma.

Prediction Model of Serum Lithium Concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
Hiroyuki Uchida ◽  
Takefumi Suzuki ◽  
Masahiro Watanabe ◽  
Nariyasu Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for lithium, but clinical application of several prediction strategies is still limited because of insufficient predictive accuracy. We herein proposed a suitable model, using creatinine clearance (CLcr)-based lithium clearance (Li-CL). Methods Patients receiving lithium provided the following information: serum lithium and creatinine concentrations, time of blood draw, dosing regimen, concomitant medications, and demographics. Li-CL was calculated as a daily dose per trough concentration for each subject, and the mean of Li-CL/CLcr was used to estimate Li-CL for another 30 subjects. Serum lithium concentrations at the time of sampling were estimated by 1-compartment model with Li-CL, fixed distribution volume (0.79 L/kg), and absorption rate (1.5/hour) in the 30 subjects. Results One hundred thirty-one samples from 82 subjects (44 men; mean±standard deviation age: 51.4±16.0 years; body weight: 64.6±13.8 kg; serum creatinine: 0.78±0.20 mg/dL; dose of lithium: 680.2±289.1 mg/day) were used to develop the pharmacokinetic model. The mean±standard deviation (95% confidence interval) of absolute error was 0.13±0.09 (0.10–0.16) mEq/L. Discussion Serum concentrations of lithium can be predicted from oral dosage with high precision, using our prediction model.

scholarly journals An optimized method for estimating the tidal volume from intracardiac or body surface electrocardiographic signals: implications for estimating minute ventilation

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. H426-H436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sayadi ◽  
Eric H. Weiss ◽  
Faisal M. Merchant ◽  
Dheeraj Puppala ◽  
Antonis A. Armoundas
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Respiratory Signal ◽  
Respiratory Modulation

The ability to accurately monitor tidal volume (TV) from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals holds significant promise for improving diagnosis treatment across a variety of clinical settings. The objective of this study was to develop a novel method for estimating the TV from ECG signals. In 10 mechanically ventilated swine, we collected intracardiac electrograms from catheters in the coronary sinus (CS), left ventricle (LV), and right ventricle (RV), as well as body surface electrograms, while TV was varied between 0 and 750 ml at respiratory rates of 7–14 breaths/min. We devised an algorithm to determine the optimized respirophasic modulation of the amplitude of the ECG-derived respiratory signal. Instantaneous measurement of respiratory modulation showed an absolute error of 72.55, 147.46, 85.68, 116.62, and 50.89 ml for body surface, CS, LV, RV, and RV-CS leads, respectively. Minute TV estimation demonstrated a more accurate estimation with an absolute error of 69.56, 153.39, 79.33, 122.16, and 48.41 ml for body surface, CS, LV, RV, and RV-CS leads, respectively. The RV-CS and body surface leads provided the most accurate estimations that were within 7 and 10% of the true TV, respectively. Finally, the absolute error of the bipolar RV-CS lead was significantly lower than any other lead configuration ( P < 0.0001). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ECG-derived respiratory modulation provides an accurate estimation of the TV using intracardiac or body surface signals, without the need for additional hardware.

Experimental and Computational Analysis of a Gas Compressor Windback Seal

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Morrison ◽  
Adnan Al-Ghasem
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Carry Over

A gas windback seals is similar to a labyrinth seal except the cavity is one continuous channel which winds around the shaft like a screw thread. One application is in gas compressors to isolate lubrication oil from the gas flow paths. A CFD based study of clearance, pressure ratio, and shaft speed has been performed. One seal geometry was experimentally studied to provide verification of the CFD accuracy. An empirical model for the leakage rate has been developed which fits the data with a standard deviation of 0.8%. The effects of pressure ratio and shaft speed upon the leakage rate are independent of each other. Analysis of the CFD results indicate that the kinetic energy carry over coefficient is substantially less for the windback seal operating at low differential pressures and gas densities than for a labyrinth seal operating under typical conditions.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PLATFORM ONLINE SIMULASI VIRTUAL PENGUJIAN DAN KALIBRASI VENTILATOR BERBASIS BROWSER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Tata Yunita Ovtaria ◽  
Apriliani Apriliani ◽  
Indah Rahma Dhona ◽  
Rino Ferdian Surakusumah
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Breath Rate ◽  
Expiration Time

Ventilator merupakan alat kesehatan yang paling dibutuhkan di masa pandemi ini. Berbagai institusi telah berusaha mengembangkan ventilator, akan tetapi banyak yang terkendala dengan hasil pengujian dan kalibrasinya yang tidak sesuai. Hal ini dikarenakan ketidaktahuan terhadap metode pengujian dan kalibrasi ventilator yang sesuai standar. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkanlah platform Platform Online Simulasi Virtual Pengujian dan Kalibrasi Ventilator Berbasis Browser. Platform ini kedepannya akan digunakan oleh institusi pengembang ventilator untuk melakukan pembelajaran dan meningkatkan kompetensi melalui pelatihan terkait pengujian dan kalibrasi ventilator. Penelitian ini dibatasi dengan menggunakan beberapa ruang lingkup pengujian yaitu tidal volume, minute volume, breath rate, I:E ratio, PEEP, inspiration time, dan Expiration time. Tahapan metode penelitian yang akan dilakukan mulai dari studi literatur, produk, library, algoritma, pengumpulan data ventilator dan gas flow analyzer, dilanjutkan dengan desain sistem, antarmuka pengguna, dan elemen visual, kemudian dilakukan pengembangan sistem dan antarmuka pengguna, lalu dilakukan pengujian fungsi, dan pengalaman pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukan seluruh fungsi 100% terlaksana dengan baik dan pengalaman pengguna 38% menunjukkan setuju dengan kriteria pengalaman pengguna yang terdiri dari Daya Tarik, Efisiensi, Perspicuity, Ketergantungan, Stimulasi, Novelty, Kepercayaan, Estetika, Adaptabilitas, Kegunaan, Penggunaan Intuitif, Nilai, Konten yang Dapat Dipercaya, Kualitas Isi, Haptics, dan Akustik

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