Experimental Investigation on Effects Accumulator Initial Pressure, Pump Displacement and Vehicle Speed on Regeneration Efficiency of the Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Nityam P. Oza ◽  
◽  
Pravin P. Rathod ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Initial Speed ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Rise

Recently researchers are focus on evaluation of hydraulic regenerative braking systems for improving fuel economy and reducing pollutant emissions. Present work is oriented to study effects of variation in vehicle speed at braking, accumulator initial pressure and pump displacement on regeneration efficiency of hydraulic regenerative braking system (HRBS) on the school van conveyance in Vadodara city. The results show that the HRBS regeneration efficiency improves between 1.7 to 10% with reduction in initial pressure from 110 to 90bar. Increase in pump displacement from 16 LPM to 23 LPM results in rise in regeneration efficiency of the HRBS between2.6 to 16.7%. While increasing initial speed at braking from 20 to 35 KMPH, regeneration efficiency of the HRBS system rises by 48%. This is the maximum rise in regeneration efficiency while varying the initial braking speed.

Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna ◽  
Erik Rolfs ◽  
James Taylor ◽  
Karla Ariadny Freitas Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Design and development of energy efficient vehicles is of paramount importance to the automobile industry. Energy efficiency can be enhanced through recovery of the kinetic energy lost in the form of waste heat during braking. The kinetic energy could be converted into a reusable energy source and aid in acceleration, hence the braking system would contribute to improving the overall efficiency of a vehicle. Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) systems are a hybrid drive system that works in tandem with a vehicle’s engine and drivetrain to improve efficiency and fuel-economy. A HPRB system functions by recovering the energy typically lost to heat during vehicle braking, and storing this energy as a reusable source that can propel a vehicle from a stop. The major advantages of a HPRB system are that a vehicle would not require its engine to run during braking to stop, nor would the engine be required to accelerate the vehicle initially from a stop. The benefit realized by this system is an increase in fuel-efficiency, reduced vehicle emissions, and overall financial savings. An HPRB system aids in slowing a vehicle by creating a drag on the driveline as it recovers and stores energy during braking. Therefore, HPRB system operation reduces wear by minimizing the amount of work performed by the brake pads and rotors. An experimental investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) system was conducted to measure the system’s overall efficiency and available power output. The HPRB in this study is a 1/10th lab-scale model of a light-duty four wheel vehicle. The design/size was based on a 3500 lbs light-duty four wheel vehicle with an estimated passenger weight of 500 lbs. It was assumed that the vehicle can accelerate from 0–15 mph in 2 seconds. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of heat losses due to irreversibility on energy recovery. The experimental facility consisted of a hydraulic pump, two hydraulic-pneumatic accumulators, solenoid and relief valves, and data acquisition system. The HPRB system did not include any driveline components necessary to attach this system onto a vehicle’s chassis rather an electric motor was used to drive the pump and simulate the power input to the system from a spinning drive shaft. Pressure transducers, Hall effects sensor, and thermocouples were installed at suction and discharge sections of the hydraulic and pneumatic components to measure hydrodynamic and thermos-physical properties. The measured data were used to determine the system’s energy recovery and power delivery efficiency. Results showed that the HPRB system is capable of recovering 47% of the energy input to the system during charging, and 64% efficient in power output during discharging with an input and output of 0.33 and 0.21 horsepower respectively. Inefficiencies during operation were attributed to heat generation from the gear pump but especially due to the piston accumulator, where heat loss attributed to a 12% reduction in energy potential alone.

Cooperative control of regenerative braking and hydraulic braking of an electrified passenger car

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhi Zhang ◽  
Chen Lv ◽  
Jinfang Gou ◽  
Decong Kong
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Coordination Strategy ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
Pedal Feel ◽  
Main Components

With the aims of regeneration efficiency and brake comfort, three different control strategies, namely the maximum-regeneration-efficiency strategy, the good-pedal-feel strategy and the coordination strategy for regenerative braking of an electrified passenger car are researched in this paper. The models of the main components related to the regenerative brake and the frictional blending brake of the electric passenger car are built in MATLAB/Simulink. The control effects and regeneration efficiencies of the control strategies in a typical deceleration process are simulated and analysed. Road tests under normal deceleration braking and an ECE driving cycle are carried out. The simulation and road test results show that the maximum-regeneration-efficiency strategy, which causes issues on brake comfort and safety, could hardly be utilized in the regenerative braking system adopted. The good-pedal-feel strategy and coordination strategy are advantageous over the first strategy with respect to the brake comfort and regeneration efficiency. The fuel economy enhanced by the regenerative braking system developed is more than 25% under the ECE driving cycle.

Safety Ensurence Research on the Regenerative Braking System of Electric Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 1959014
Author(s):  
Zijian Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Slip Coefficient ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Battery Safety ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Battery State Of Charge ◽  
Vehicle Simulator

The safety problem is the primary factor that should be viewed in the regenerative braking system design of vehicles. To ensure braking safety and battery safety of the electrical vehicles (EVs) a regenerative braking system contain us two fuzzy logic controllers is designed in the paper. In the system, one controller includes slip coefficient, vehicle speed and the driver’s brake requirement to ensure braking security and the other takes battery State of Charge (SOC) and temperature as inputs to assure battery safety. Then, two proportional coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] satisfying the safety needs are introduced into the braking system. At last, the simulation model is established in the simulation software-ADVISOR (ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR). Through simulation, the results verify that more energy can be regenerated from braking under the conditions of ensuring braking and batteries safety.

Research on the Braking System Control Strategy of Hybrid Electronic Bus

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1231-1235
Author(s):  
Ji Shun Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhang ◽  
Liang Chu ◽  
Liang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
System Control ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Execution Unit ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Braking Control

As one of the key technologies of Hybrid Electronic Bus, regenerative braking technology can recover energy without changing the traditional bus braking habit. This is of vital importance in the research of regenerative braking system. Because the braking force distribution relationship between the front and rear axle of the vehicle has a remarkable influence in the braking stability,especially adding the regenerative braking force, the influence is even larger. So the anti-lock braking control strategy for the hybrid electronic vehicle is updated in this paper according to the condition of regenerative braking. The anti-lock braking control and regenerative braking control were integrated in one ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of braking control system, collecting signals of wheel rotate speed, vehicle speed, SOC and brake pedal position by CAN bus. And the output control commands are sent to the execution unit of anti-lock braking system and regenerative braking system. The effectiveness of energy regeneration and the braking stability of this strategy are tested on the off-line simulation platform.

Experiment for a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Terminal Tractor

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Li Jing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Fuel Economy Improvement ◽  
Good Operation ◽  
Design Construction

Hydraulic hybrid technology of vehicle has the potential to significantly improve fuel economy and reduce emission, and increasingly aroused the attention of the research institutions and automotive manufacturers all over the world. The main of this work is to design a parallel hydraulic hybrid system for a heavy terminal tractor. Firstly, overall scheme design, construction design, and hydraulic regenerative braking system (HRBS) for terminal tractor are designed. Furthermore, the hydraulic hybrid terminal tractor is refitted successfully. The test results show that the sample vehicle is credible and in good operation, a fuel economy improvement of the new scheme is 38.1%~61.6% more than conventional baseline. Experimental study has very important value in the hydraulic hybrid terminal tractor real application.

scholarly journals Integrated Braking Force Distribution for Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking System

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anith Khairunnisa Ghazali ◽  
Mohd Khair Hassan ◽  
Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi ◽  
Azizan As’arry
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Final State ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Braking Force

The automotive industry has made a significant contribution to everyday life by fulfilling society’s mobility needs. Traditionally, electric vehicles (EV) were introduced as an alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) to reduce the emission, which improves air quality. The regenerative braking system (RBS) technology is increasing rapidly as an alternative energy-saving solution instead of using the conventional fossil fuel process. In addition, conventional braking creates energy loss because it produces unnecessary heat during braking. Therefore, (RBS) was deliberately designed to solve these drawbacks. Several researchers have found an efficient way to recover regenerative energy, but do not pay enough attention to state-of-the-art (SOC), motor performance and overall performance. This paper designs a new braking force distribution that introduces integrated braking by combining the default ADVISOR and the new parallel braking distribution to improve the SOC battery for three driving cycles. The design of the braking part was based on the braking force distribution of vehicle speed, consisting mainly of friction and regenerative braking ratio allocation in parallel form. The suggested delivery method is evaluated by simulation and shows that the overall performance and battery life are increased. The proposed method was experimentally evaluated using ADVISOR Matlab for the efficiency and final state of the battery.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTEGRATED WITH REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM USING PI CONTROLLER

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
Ekene G. Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Okafor ◽  
Osichinaka C. Ubadike ◽  
Paul O. Jemitola ◽  
Mohammed T. Abba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Braking System

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) without regenerative braking mechanisms often suffer major drawbacks of limited driving range. Although extensive research works exist in electric vehicles integrated with regenerative braking, the performance evaluation of an electric ambulance, in the context of aerodynamic as well as energy recovery assessment from a complete vehicle modeling perspective based on the difference between the controlled dynamic speed and the drive cycle reference speed is not well reported. To compensate for the problem mentioned above, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of an electric ambulance (EA), integrated with a regenerative braking system (RBS) in comparison to an EA without a regenerative braking system (No RBS), in terms of aerodynamic drag coefficient values, state of charge (SOC), endurance efficiency, statistical correlation and mean absolute error (MAE) using proportional-integral (PI) controller. The SOLIDWORKS and SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulator were used to develop the EA CAD model and conduct aerodynamic analysis. MATLAB Simulink was used to model the EA complete EA system. The EA drive system was evaluated using three drive cycles (UDDS, FTP, and US06). The EA had an aerodynamic coefficient of 0.29. From the perspective of energy recycling, the EV-RBS yielded an extended drive range and appreciable gain in state of charge compared to EV-No RBS on the mentioned drive cycles. Generally, as the deceleration frequency increases from one drive cycle to another, the energy recycling increases, and the range increases correspondingly. In addition, the PI controller, which relied on speed error as a means of regulating the controlled speed, was found to be efficient, as the controlled speed was highly correlated to the reference speed. Overall, very low mean absolute errors in the vehicle speed were observed for the drive cycles considered.

HYDRAULIC-PNEUMATIC REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM FOR HYBRIDIZATION OF COMMERCIAL URBAN VEHICLES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Rivelino da Silva Bravo ◽  
Artur Tozzi C Gama ◽  
Amir Antonio Martins Oliveira ◽  
Victor Juliano De Negri
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Braking System
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