THE EGO REFERENCE SYSTEM: A CONFIRMATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Ngaire V. Adcock ◽  
K. D. White
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
System A ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
The University

A study was carried out using an Australian sample, to confirm the existence of a number of factors which had been found in a previous American study relating to Ego and Super-ego structure and functioning. A questionnaire based upon the original study but with additional items added to provide an equal number for each factor, had been developed in New Zealand and tried out experimentally on several small groups and mean scores obtained for each factor. The same questionnaire was administered to 352 students at the University of Queensland. An oblique analysis of the data revealed the presence of eight factors corresponding to the eight hypothesised: Religious Super-ego, Emotionality. Expediency. Material Self-ideal, Non-religious Super-ego, Ego Control, Compassion and Moral Self-ideal. It was found that the highest variance was the Religious Super-ego, and that mean factor scores for this factor were significantly higher (beyond .01 level) than for the New Zealand subjects.

Cross-Cultural Study of Ratings of Phenomenological Experience of Emotion

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Kohn Dor-Shav ◽  
Zecharia Dor-Shav
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Cultural Similarity

The phenomenology of the emotions, anger, fear, sadness, and pride was rated cross-culturally on 23 scales of the semantic-differential, and a hypothesis of cross-cultural agreement was tested. Results were consistent with the hypothesis as 54 of 92 scales (or about 60%) showed similarity across the four cultures, and only 5 scales—a number certainly no greater than would be expected on the basis of chance—yielded ratings which reflected differences in phenomenology, i.e., significant deviations from neutrality lying at opposite poles of a dimension. A Scheffé subset analysis indicated that in two-thirds of our cases all four language-culture groups could be subsumed into one and that there was no case in which at least three of the groups could not be subsumed into one subset. Factor analyses were carried out, and factor scores generated for four factors for each of the four emotions, and across the four language-culture groups. Findings indicated a good deal of cross-cultural similarity (62%). The data are interpreted as supporting a hypothesis of universality in emotional experience.

734. Factors influencing the vitamin content of milk fat: VIII. The influence of various factors on the utilization of carotene

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McGillivray ◽  
S. Y. Thompson ◽  
N. A. Worker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Level ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
The University

1. The influence of a number of factors on the utilization of carotene by rats has been investigated. A high dose level equivalent to that derived from pasture by cows has been employed and liver storage of vitamin A has been used as a measure of the efficiency of carotene utilization.2. Utilization was influenced by level of carotene intake, by concentration of carotene in the oil used as vehicle, by the degree of unsaturation of the vehicle and by the presence of non-digestible wax.3. Carotene was better utilized from the rye grass and ‘low cyanide’ white clover than from ‘high cyanide’ clover, but added cyanide had little or no effect on the uptake of carotene from cyanide-free pasture or from a solution in oil.4. In so far as the results of the investigation can be applied to cows grazing typical New Zealand dairy pasture, it seems that factors which may throw some light on the poor utilization of carotene at certain times of the year are (a) small day-to-day variation in the carotene content of the pasture, (b) variations in the ‘ether extract’ fraction of the pasture, and (c) variations in the degree of hydrogenation of the fat in the rumen.5. Insulin and adrenalin appear to have no influence on the levels of vitamin A alcohol in the blood plasma of rats.The results of this investigation form a section of a thesis submitted by one of us (N.A.W.) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. of the University of New Zealand. The authors are indebted to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a Grant towards this investigation and to Miss Fay Frecklington for technical assistance; one of us (S. Y. T.) is indebted to the Royal Society, the Nuffield Foundation, and the Board of the Dairy Research Institute (N.Z.) for a travelling fellowship during the tenure of which the work reported here was carried out.

Depression and Somatic Symptoms: A Cross-Cultural Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marmanidis ◽  
G. Holme ◽  
R. J. Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Australian Sample

The study was carried out by the same research team in two metropolitan hospitals, one in Greece (N = 60) and one in Australia (N q 56). Subjects comprised patients consecutively admitted with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depressive disorder, all of whom completed questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. Clinical concepts and practices in the two hospitals were very similar. Overall levels of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in the two samples were almost identical, but there were differences in the pattern of somatic complaints: Greeks scored significantly higher on dizziness, paraesthesiae and masticatory spasms, and Australians scored significantly higher on drowsiness, hypersomnia and non-refreshing sleep, with the latter two items being the best discriminators of the two samples using discriminant function analysis. These findings, combined with factor analysis, suggested that symptoms associated with hyperventilation in the Greek sample, and with sleep disturbance in the Australian sample, explained most of the differences between them.

Level of market development and intensity of organic food consumption: cross‐cultural study of Danish and New Zealand consumers

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Squires ◽  
Biljana Juric ◽  
T. Bettina Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Organic Food Consumption

This paper presents a cross‐cultural study of organic food consumption. Relationships between health and diet concern, environmental concern, confidence in the conventional food industry, demographic characteristics, and intensity of organic food consumption of consumers from Denmark (mature organic industry) and New Zealand (novice organic food industry) are investigated. The authors evaluate the adequacy of deficit value and market development conceptual frameworks to predict priority of these concerns related to the level of organic market development.

scholarly journals Striding Both Worlds: Witi Ihimaera and New Zealand's Literary Traditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
The University

Witi Ihimaera has been a dominant force in New Zealand literature for four decades.  In Striding Both Worlds Melissa Kennedy presents a study of the published works of Ihimaera and considers his place in the New Zealand literary landscape.  The image evoked from the title, of Ihimaera with a foothold in both Maori and Pakeha literary traditions, immediately alerts the reader to a potentially broader reading of Ihimaera's work than may previously have been explored.  Striding Both Worlds is a reworking of Kennedy's 2007 doctoral dissertation: 'Striding Both Worlds: Cross-Cultural Influence in the Work of Witi Ihimaera', a collaboration between Universite de Bourgogne, Dijion and the University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 

OPTIMISM AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Schutte ◽  
John K. Valerio ◽  
Victor Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

This research examined the relationship between optimism and socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample (N=245) of Anglo- and Mexican-Americans. Study I found small but significant correlations between both situational (measured by the Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale-Revised; GESS-R) and dispositional optimism (measured by the Life Orientation Test; LOT) and SES. Correlations were stronger for Anglo-Americans than for the sample as a whole and were not statistically significant for Mexican-American subjects. Study 2 used a purely Mexican-American sample (N=254), performed exploratory factor analysis on both the LOT and GESS-R, and correlated the rotated factor scores with SES. A GESS-R factor involving themes of social interaction correlated positively with SES (r=.17). Results are interpreted in terms of cultural differences between the two ethnic groups, particularly in light of the collectivist/individualist culture dichotomy.

Body size preferences among young women in five Arab countries: a cross-cultural study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman O. Musaiger
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight body size preferences among university females in five Arab countries. Methods: The sample comprised 1134 females between 17 and 32 years old from universities in five Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Syria. A silhouette figure scale was used to examine body size preferences. Results: There were significant differences between countries regarding female body size preferences (p<0.001) and for preferred body size for men (p<0.001). In general, the university females preferred a thinner body size for themselves than that perceived for men. Conclusion: There was a drastic change in body size preferences for women from plumpness to thinness. Sociocultural factors may play a role in the differences in the body size preferences between countries.

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