A STUDY OF APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG MEN

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Davis ◽  
Howard Brewer ◽  
Marc Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Rate Increase ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Heart Rate Increase ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Appearance Anxiety

Appearance anxiety describes an apprehension about aspects of one's physical appearance and how others evaluate them. To date, research in this area has focused primarily on a female population. In light of recent evidence that men are becoming more concerned about matters of physical appearance, and are reporting a greater degree of negative body image than in previous generations, it was considered important to understand better the nature of this characteristic for men as well. A group (n=71) of college-aged men took part in the study. As hypothesized, appearance anxiety related inversely to physical activity participation, but this association was weak and was negated when percent body fat was entered as a covariate in the analysis. Results also indicated that appearance anxiety was predictive of self-reported distress during a body composition valuation, but that it failed to relate to a physiological measure of arousal/anxiety taken during the evaluation (viz. heart rate increase from baseline). Of further interest was the finding that nearly half the variance in appearance anxiety was accounted for by a measure of Upper Body esteem - a finding which is in accord with evidence that male body dissatisfaction is most pronounced for the chest and the waist. The fact that ultra-muscular mesomorphy is the current standard of male sexual attractiveness may go some way in explaining our findings.

Worried about being imperfect? The mediating effect of physical appearance perfectionism between Instagram addiction and body esteem

2022 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 111346
Author(s):  
Patricia D. Simon ◽  
Sydney Margaret O. Cu ◽  
Kim Elizabeth M. De Jesus ◽  
Nicole Therese S. Go ◽  
Keena Tracy F. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect

scholarly journals Effect of muscle mass and intensity of isometric contraction on heart rate

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Gálvez ◽  
Juan P. Alonso ◽  
Luis A. Sangrador ◽  
Gonzalo Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Heart Rate Increase ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Wheel Turn ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Energetic Expenditure ◽  
Handgrip Contractions

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of muscle mass and the level of force on the contraction-induced rise in heart rate. We conducted an experimental study in a sample of 28 healthy men between 20 and 30 yr of age (power: 95%, α: 5%). Smokers, obese subjects, and those who performed regular physical activity over a certain amount of energetic expenditure were excluded from the study. The participants exerted two types of isometric contractions: handgrip and turning a 40-cm-diameter wheel. Both were sustained to exhaustion at 20 and 50% of maximal force. Twenty-five subjects finished the experiment. Heart rate increased a mean of 15.1 beats/min [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–24.6] from 20 to 50% handgrip contractions, and 20.7 beats/min (95% CI: 11.9–29.5) from 20 to 50% wheel-turn contractions. Heart rate also increased a mean of 13.3 beats/min (95% CI: 10.4–16.1) from handgrip to wheel-turn contractions at 20% maximal force, and 18.9 beats/min (95% CI: 9.8–28.0) from handgrip to wheel-turn contractions at 50% maximal force. We conclude that the magnitude of the heart rate increase during isometric exercise is related to the intensity of the contraction and the mass of the contracted muscle.

scholarly journals Monitoring athletic training status using the maximal rate of heart rate increase

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomson ◽  
Peter R.C. Howe ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Increase

Physical Appearance Anxiety Impedes the Therapeutic Effects of Video Feedback in High Socially Anxious Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. J. Orr ◽  
David A. Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Appearance Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Cognitive Preparation

Background: Video feedback (VF) interventions effectively reduce social anxiety symptoms and negative self-perception, particularly when they are preceded by cognitive preparation (CP) and followed by cognitive review. Aims: In the current study, we re-examined data from a study on the efficacy of a novel VF intervention for individuals high in social anxiety to test the hypothesis that physical appearance anxiety would moderate the effects of VF. Method: Data were analyzed from 68 socially anxious participants who performed an initial public speech, and were randomly assigned to an Elaborated VF condition (VF plus cognitive preparation and cognitive review), a Standard VF condition (VF plus cognitive preparation) or a No VF condition (exposure alone), and then performed a second speech. Results: As hypothesized, when appearance concerns were low, both participants who received Elaborated and Standard VF were significantly less anxious during speech 2 than those in the No VF condition. However, when levels of appearance concern were high, neither Elaborated nor Standard VF reduced anxiety levels during speech 2 beyond the No VF condition. Conclusions: Results from our analog sample suggest the importance of tailoring treatment protocols to accommodate the idiosyncratic concerns of socially anxious patients.

scholarly journals Movement-induced heart rate changes in epileptic and non-epileptic seizures

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3b) ◽  
pp. 789-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele R. de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco de A.A. Gondim ◽  
Edward R. Hogan ◽  
Francisco H. Rola
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Increase ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Heart Rate Analysis ◽  
Video Eeg

Heart rate changes are common in epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Previous studies have not adequately assessed the contribution of motor activity on these changes nor have evaluated them during prolonged monitoring. We retrospectively evaluated 143 seizures and auras from 76 patients admitted for video EEG monitoring. The events were classified according to the degree of ictal motor activity (severe, moderate and mild/absent) in: severe epileptic (SE, N=17), severe non-epileptic (SNE, N=6), moderate epileptic (ME, N=28), moderate non-epileptic (MNE, N=11), mild epileptic (mE, N=35), mild non-epileptic (mNE, N=33) and mild aura (aura, N=13). Heart rate increased in the ictal period in severe epileptic, severe non-epileptic, moderate epileptic and mild epileptic events (p<0.05). Heart rate returned to baseline levels during the post ictal phase in severe non-epileptic seizures but not in severe epileptic patients. Aura events had a higher baseline heart rate. A cut-off of 20% heart rate increase may distinguish moderate epileptic and mild epileptic events lasting more than 30 seconds. In epileptic seizures with mild/absent motor activity, the magnitude of heart rate increase is proportional to the event duration. Heart rate analysis in seizures with different degrees of movement during the ictal phase can help to distinguish epileptic from non-epileptic events.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences in Quality of Life Domains in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geohana Hamoy-Jimenez ◽  
Hadiya Elahmar ◽  
Meg Mendoza ◽  
Raymond Kim ◽  
Vera Bril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appearance Anxiety ◽  
Sf 36

Abstract Background. There is limited data regarding gender differences in quality of life between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1. We aimed to study differences in quality of life domains between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1 living in Canada.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of adults with Neurofibromatosis type 1 attending a tertiary NF centre at Toronto General Hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. Demographic and clinical data were collected. We compared scores of generic measures (SF-36, EQ-5D-5L, pain interference) and a disease-specific measure (PedsQL-NF1 module) between women and men. We also assessed the relationship between disease visibility scored by an examiner (Ablon’s visibility index) and self-reported perceived physical appearance, stratified by gender.Results. One hundred and sixty-two participants were enrolled, 92 females and 70 males. Ablon’s index score 1 was in 43% and score 2 in 44%, while only 13% of patients had a score 3. Women had worse scores on the total PedsQL-NF1 scales, and also in the perceived physical appearance, anxiety and emotional health domains. In women, there was a significant association between Ablon’s index and perceived physical appearance, with lower scores with increments in Ablon’s class (ANOVA p<0.001). In men, there was no difference in self-reported physical appearance by Ablon’s index. There were no differences between men and women in the SF-36 or EQ-5D-5L scores.Conclusion. Women with NF1 reported worse NF1-related quality of life than men, with worse perceived physical appearance, anxiety, and mental health. Perceived physical appearance did not always correlate to disease visibility; therefore, healthcare providers should inquire about body image, physical appearance concerns, and mental health, especially among women with NF1.

Heart rate increase predicts challenging behavior episodes in preschoolers with autism

Stress ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Nuske ◽  
Emma Finkel ◽  
Darren Hedley ◽  
Valentina Parma ◽  
Liza Tomczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Heart Rate Increase

Arterial pressure-flow relations in the awake standing dog

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Enrlich ◽  
FV Schrijen ◽  
TA Solomon ◽  
E Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
RL Riley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Heart Rate Increase ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

The transient circulatory changes following paced heart rate increase are reported from 133 trials with 6 unanesthetized dogs with chronically implanted monitoring devices for heart rate, cardiac output, aortic blood pressure, and mean right atrial pressure. In 62 trials with 2 of the dogs, pulmonary artery, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, as well as left ventricular dP/dt were also studied. The sequence of changes in pressures and flows is analyzed in terms of probable underlying mechanisms, particularly with respect to the nature of vascular resistances. The rise in aortic pressure and flow during the first 3 s of paced heart rate increase, before arterial stretch receptor reflexes become active, is more consistent with an effective downstream pressure of about 49 mmHg, presumably at the arteriolar level, than with an effective downstream pressure close to 0 mmHg at the right atrial level. In the pulmonary circulation where vascular reflex effects are less prominent, the pattern of pulmonary arterial pressure and flow for the entire 30 s of observation is consistent with an effective downstream pressure of 9 mmHg, presumably at the alveolar or pulmonary arteriolar level, rather than at the level of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

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