CATEGORICAL AND CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION: DIFFERENCES IN ASSOCIATIONS WITH YOUNG ADULTS'REPORTS OF WELL-BEING

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Durell Johnson ◽  
Renae Mcnair ◽  
Alex Vojick ◽  
Darcy Congdon ◽  
Jennifer Monacelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Social Introversion

Previous research suggests many of the qualities necessary for successful well-being are masculine in nature. However, masculinity and femininity have been considered related constructs as opposed to being distinctly different sex-role characterizations. Therefore, this study examined the hypothesized associations between sex-role orientation and reports of well-being by looking at the combined and separate contributions of masculinity and femininity reports. Responses from 286 college undergraduates to the BEM Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) and measures of well-being (i.e., loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale, revised by Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980), personal discomfort (Personal Discomfort Subscale of the Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Social Introversion-Extroversion Scale, Graham, Schroeder, & Lilly, 1971), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965), and social anxiety and avoidance (Social Anxiety and Social Avoidance Scale, Franke & Hymel, 1984) indicated both categorical and continuous measures of sex role were associated with well-being. Examination of sex-role categories revealed participants with masculine and androgynous orientations reported higher well-being scores than did those with feminine and undifferentiated orientations. Further, examination of separate femininity and masculinity scores indicated that masculinity was positively – and femininity was negatively – associated with participant reports of well-being. Findings are discussed in terms of considering masculinity and femininity as separate measures of sex-role orientation when examining the association between sex roles and well-being.

Sex-role Orientation and Psychological Well-being: A Critique of the Masculinity Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Forshaw ◽  
Diana Shmukler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

As a model of the relationship between sex-role orientation and psychological well-being, the masculinity model has proved more successful than either the androgyny or the congruence models. In this article, it is, nevertheless, argued that the model has many shortcomings and limitations which need to be addressed by future research. The central criticisms of the model are that it fails to provide a theoretical understanding of its own success, cannot infer causality and represents an oversimplification of psychological life.

Sex role orientation and dimensions of self-esteem among middle adolescents

Sex Roles ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Cate ◽  
Alan I. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation

SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION: DIFFERENCES AMONG STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Teachers And Students

The Bem Sex-role Inventory was administered to a total of 408 students and 393 teachers who were randomly selected from seven Caribbean States. Analyses indicated marked differentiation of males (both teachers and students) and females (both teachers and students) in sex-role orientation. Comparisons between students arid teachers on both the masculinity and femininity dimensions showed the students to be more rigidly sex-typed.

Sex-Role Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Uniqueness: An Exploration of the Undifferentiated Category

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor W. Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

72 college students took the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, the five-scale Offer Self-image Questionnaire, and the Need for Uniqueness scale. Differences in self-esteem and uniqueness scores among undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous individuals were determined. The analysis showed that androgynous and masculine individuals had generally better self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals. There were sex differences in self-esteem only for sexual and for social self-esteem. These differences were predicted by sex-role orientation with men's sexual self-esteem being enhanced by masculinity and depressed by femininity, whereas women's social self-esteem was predicted by masculinity. Need for Uniqueness appears to be an aspect of self-esteem for women but not for men.

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