Alcohol-Related Attitudes of Heavy Drinkers: Effects of Arousal and Valence in Evaluative Conditioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Choi ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Expectancies ◽  
Attitudes Toward Alcohol

We investigated the effects of 2 dimensions of affect in evaluative conditioning (EC) on changing alcohol-related attitudes in a sample of students whom we had identified as fitting set criteria to be classified as heavy drinkers. We divided participants into 2 EC groups (high-arousal EC condition, n = 18; low-arousal EC condition, n = 18) and measured their explicit and implicit attitudes toward alcohol. Comparison of results before and after EC indicated that participants reported a greater decrease in both explicit attitudes about positive alcohol expectancies and explicit cravings. However, in regard to implicit attitudes, the results showed that the high-arousal EC condition was associated with a stronger positive attitude toward alcohol after, rather than before, EC, whereas in the low-arousal EC group, implicit attitudes toward alcohol did not change. These results imply that high levels of affect arousal during EC can positively strengthen the implicit evaluation of alcohol in a student sample of heavy drinkers, while decreasing explicit attitudes about cravings and positive expectancies. Thus, based on attitude conditioning, it is important to consider the arousal as well as the valence of affect in treatment of alcohol addiction in order to change alcohol-related attitudes in heavy drinkers.

Exploring the Patterns of Dual Attitude Changes in the Context of Athlete Endorsement: The Interplay of Fit, Evaluative Conditioning, and Introspection Focus

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-425
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Changes ◽  
Negative Feelings

Through this study, the author aimed to elucidate the asymmetrical patterns of dual attitude changes in the context of athlete endorsement. The main experiment included a test of the interactions of: Fit (low vs. high fit) × Evaluative conditioning (endorsement–positive vs. endorsement–negative feelings) × Introspection focus (logics vs. feelings). Based on the results, fit changed explicit attitudes, leaving implicit attitudes unchanged, whereas evaluative conditioning changed implicit attitudes to a greater extent. Introspection focus on logics (feelings) led participants to operate syllogistic inferences (associative evaluations); consequently, the logicality of fit (the conditioned feelings) determined both explicit and implicit attitudes and behavioral intentions. The study helps broaden current understandings of endorsement effectiveness by identifying situations in which dual attitude shifts intentions. Managers should be aware of the manipulability of consumers’ evaluation systems, and it is recommended to strategically employ either logic-reflected or feelings-elicited endorsement campaigns to leverage a brand’s equity.

Effect of heightened interoceptive awareness among smokers on misinterpretation of emotional arousal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minseung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Park ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Amplification Bias ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Arousal

We investigated the differences in the emotional experiences of people who smoke and have damaged interoceptive awareness. Interoception is the sensation of the physiological condition of the body, and it has 2 biases: neglect and amplification of bodily feedback. We recruited 72 participants and divided them into 4 groups according to smoking status and interoceptive bias based on their scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. All groups assessed their physiological and subjective arousal before and after watching video clips (positive–low arousal, positive–high arousal, negative–low arousal, negative–high arousal, neutral). The results indicated that people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who smoked showed stronger subjective arousal to neutral stimuli. In contrast, people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who did not smoke showed stronger subjective arousal to positive stimuli. These findings suggest that people who smoke and have an amplification bias could be more likely to misinterpret neutral emotional stimuli, leading to an increased craving for smoking.

Modeling the implicit brand: capturing the hidden drivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vriens ◽  
Alessandro Martins Alves
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Implicit Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate modeling implicit attitudes as potential drivers of overall brand attitudes and stated behavior and investigate how the results are expected to be different from brand driver models that are based on explicit attitudes. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected via online surveys in five countries across 15 categories with sample sizes for each category/country combination in the range of about N = 1,000. Findings Implicit attitudes result in a higher number of significant effects than their explicit counterparts when used to explain behavioral intentions, brand closeness and brand usage in a multivariate situation with potential 12 brand attitude drivers. The authors also find fewer counter-intuitive effects in the implicit models. The results are consistent across 5 countries and across 15 categories (including CPG products, services and durable goods). They also show that implicit attitudes are less susceptible to response style effects (e.g. social desirability bias). Research limitations/implications The findings have implications for brand building and shopper activation. Further research should look into the impact of using implicit data on finding different brand segmentation and brand mapping results. Practical implications The findings have implications for brand building and shopper activation. Originality/value This paper contributes to the fast-growing field of implicit attitudes. The paper confirms and generalizes previous findings. This is the first paper to the authors’ knowledge that has investigated the impact of implicit attitudes on overall brand attitudes and stated behavior in a multivariate context.

Binge Drinking e prospettiva temporale in adolescenza

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Laghi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
School Students ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
High Risk Drinking

- The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of both alcohol expectancies and time perspective on this risky behaviour in order to allow the development of future prevention programs, by evaluating the relationships between these variables. 2075 high school students were asked to fulfil different questionnaires concerning their consumption attitude, their beliefs on alcohol, and their time perspective. According to previous studies, the sample was classified in non drinkers, social, binge and heavy drinkers. Consistent with our hypothesis, statistical analysis showed that both alcohol expectancies and time perspective significantly differ within these groups, thus being powerful predictors of high risk drinking patterns.

Implicit and Explicit Affective Evaluations of Athlete Brands: The Associative Evaluation–Emotional Appraisal–Intention Model of Athlete Endorsements

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Chang ◽  
Yong Jae Ko ◽  
Brad D. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Athlete Endorsements ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

The researchers explore consumers’ emotional responses toward athlete brands by developing the associative evaluation–emotional appraisal–intention (AEI) model. The AEI postulates that unconscious (implicit attitudes) and conscious (explicit affective attitudes) levels of emotional responses systematically flow following assessments of perceived fit in athlete endorsements. Implicit attitudes were measured through the implicit association test, whereas pleasure, arousal, and pride captured explicit affective attitudes. Contrary to dominant beliefs about successful athlete endorsements, findings from a lab experiment indicate that low perceived fit affected implicit attitudes, which in turn affected arousal for consumers with high involvement. Pleasure, arousal, and pride were interrelated and systematically determined behavioral intentions of viewership and online friendship with athletes. Studies investigating athlete brands and endorsement success should consider the influence of both implicit and explicit attitudes on fan behavior. Managers should strategically utilize both low and high fit endorsements to facilitate emotional experiences and optimize desired consumption behavior.

scholarly journals Explicit and implicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19: Need for community mental health services

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yun Jung Choi ◽  
Dong Hee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Components Of Behavior

During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigmatization of people who have been infected with the virus has been observed. This study measured the degree of social stigma by examining implicit and explicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19. Explicit attitudes were measured through self-reporting, taking into account the three components of behavior, cognition, and emotion, and we used the Single-Category Implicit Association Test to assess implicit attitudes. The findings show that explicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19 were positive, whereas implicit attitudes trended toward being negative. The results suggest that mental health services and policies are needed to reduce social stigma and prevent the risk of mental health problems among people who have been infected with COVID-19.

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