scholarly journals Improving Detection Performance of Helmetless Motorcyclists Using the Combination of HOG, HOP, and LDB Descriptors

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Performance

CNN performance dependence on linear image processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 310-1-310-7
Author(s):  
Khalid Omer ◽  
Luca Caucci ◽  
Meredith Kupinski
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Full Rank ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Training Images ◽  
Analytic Expressions ◽  
Linear Compression

This work reports on convolutional neural network (CNN) performance on an image texture classification task as a function of linear image processing and number of training images. Detection performance of single and multi-layer CNNs (sCNN/mCNN) are compared to optimal observers. Performance is quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, also known as the AUC. For perfect detection AUC = 1.0 and AUC = 0.5 for guessing. The Ideal Observer (IO) maximizes AUC but is prohibitive in practice because it depends on high-dimensional image likelihoods. The IO performance is invariant to any fullrank, invertible linear image processing. This work demonstrates the existence of full-rank, invertible linear transforms that can degrade both sCNN and mCNN even in the limit of large quantities of training data. A subsequent invertible linear transform changes the images’ correlation structure again and can improve this AUC. Stationary textures sampled from zero mean and unequal covariance Gaussian distributions allow closed-form analytic expressions for the IO and optimal linear compression. Linear compression is a mitigation technique for high-dimension low sample size (HDLSS) applications. By definition, compression strictly decreases or maintains IO detection performance. For small quantities of training data, linear image compression prior to the sCNN architecture can increase AUC from 0.56 to 0.93. Results indicate an optimal compression ratio for CNN based on task difficulty, compression method, and number of training images.

Proposed Concept for Specifying Vehicle Detection Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2128 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Middleton ◽  
Ryan Longmire ◽  
Darcy M. Bullock ◽  
James R. Sturdevant
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Detection Performance

Echo Modeling and Detection Performance of Wideband VHF Radar

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795-2801
Author(s):  
Jun You ◽  
Xian-rong Wan ◽  
Zi-ping Gong ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Heng-yu Ke
Keyword(s):  
Detection Performance ◽  
Vhf Radar

scholarly journals DNA tetrahedron-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of PSA through a microfluidic electrochemical detection system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezhi Feng ◽  
Jing Su ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Guifang He ◽  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Pdms Layer ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Gold Nanoflowers ◽  
Dna Tetrahedron

AbstractProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Existing methods for PSA detection are burdened with some limitations and require improvement. Herein, we developed a novel microfluidic–electrochemical (μFEC) detection system for PSA detection. First, we constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) with modification of gold nanoflowers (Au NFs) and DNA tetrahedron structural probes (TSPs), which showed great detection performance. Second, we fabricated microfluidic chips by DNA TSP-Au NF-modified SPEs and a PDMS layer with designed dense meandering microchannels. Finally, the μFEC detection system was achieved based on microfluidic chips integrated with the liquid automatic conveying unit and electrochemical detection platform. The μFEC system we developed acquired great detection performance for PSA detection in PBS solution. For PSA assays in spiked serum samples of the μFEC system, we obtained a linear dynamic range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a total reaction time <25 min. Real serum samples of prostate cancer patients presented a strong correlation between the “gold-standard” chemiluminescence assays and the μFEC system. In terms of operation procedure, cost, and reaction time, our method was superior to the current methods for PSA detection and shows great potential for practical clinical application in the future.

scholarly journals Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbin Romijnders ◽  
Elke Warmerdam ◽  
Clint Hansen ◽  
Julius Welzel ◽  
Gerhard Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Background Identification of individual gait events is essential for clinical gait analysis, because it can be used for diagnostic purposes or tracking disease progression in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Previous research has shown that gait events can be detected from a shank-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU), however detection performance was often evaluated only from straight-line walking. For use in daily life, the detection performance needs to be evaluated in curved walking and turning as well as in single-task and dual-task conditions. Methods Participants (older adults, people with Parkinson’s disease, or people who had suffered from a stroke) performed three different walking trials: (1) straight-line walking, (2) slalom walking, (3) Stroop-and-walk trial. An optical motion capture system was used a reference system. Markers were attached to the heel and toe regions of the shoe, and participants wore IMUs on the lateral sides of both shanks. The angular velocity of the shank IMUs was used to detect instances of initial foot contact (IC) and final foot contact (FC), which were compared to reference values obtained from the marker trajectories. Results The detection method showed high recall, precision and F1 scores in different populations for both initial contacts and final contacts during straight-line walking (IC: recall $$=$$ = 100%, precision $$=$$ = 100%, F1 score $$=$$ = 100%; FC: recall $$=$$ = 100%, precision $$=$$ = 100%, F1 score $$=$$ = 100%), slalom walking (IC: recall $$=$$ = 100%, precision $$\ge$$ ≥ 99%, F1 score $$=$$ = 100%; FC: recall $$=$$ = 100%, precision $$\ge$$ ≥ 99%, F1 score $$=$$ = 100%), and turning (IC: recall $$\ge$$ ≥ 85%, precision $$\ge$$ ≥ 95%, F1 score $$\ge$$ ≥ 91%; FC: recall $$\ge$$ ≥ 84%, precision $$\ge$$ ≥ 95%, F1 score $$\ge$$ ≥ 89%). Conclusions Shank-mounted IMUs can be used to detect gait events during straight-line walking, slalom walking and turning. However, more false events were observed during turning and more events were missed during turning. For use in daily life we recommend identifying turning before extracting temporal gait parameters from identified gait events.

scholarly journals Adaptive Detection of Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signals Based on Knowledge-Enhanced Compressive Measurements and Artificial Neural Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Yuang Huang ◽  
Xuedong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Artificial Neural

The direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technique has been widely used in wireless secure communications. In this technique, the baseband signal is spread over a wider bandwidth using pseudo-random sequences to avoid interference or interception. In this paper, the authors propose methods to adaptively detect the DSSS signals based on knowledge-enhanced compressive measurements and artificial neural networks. Compared with the conventional non-compressive detection system, the compressive detection framework can achieve a reasonable balance between detection performance and sampling hardware cost. In contrast to the existing compressive sampling techniques, the proposed methods are shown to enable adaptive measurement kernel design with high efficiency. Through the theoretical analysis and the simulation results, the proposed adaptive compressive detection methods are also demonstrated to provide significantly enhanced detection performance efficiently, compared to their counterpart with the conventional random measurement kernels.

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