Isolation and Identification of Some Biocontrol Fungi and Evaluation of Their Efficacy Against Charchol Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Mung Bean

This study aimed to isolate and identify Macrophomina phaseolina fungus which was the causal aget of Charcol rot disease on mung bean (Vigna radita Wilczek L) from Elgadisia Governorate in order to isolate, diagnose, and evaluate efficacy of biological control fungal agents isolalated from the rhizosphere of the host plant. The biocontrol agents T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius were effective in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two isolates of M. phaseolina fungal pathogen were identified in most samples of infected mung bean. Pathogenicity tests showed the ability of M. phaseolina to attack the seeds and cause seed rot. Isolates 1 and 2 of the fungal pathogen reduced the seed germination rate to 71.56 and 63.75%, respectively, compared with 86.66% for the control. The results obtained indicated the presence of a significant difference between the two isolates in inducing seedlings damping-off which reached 40% and 30%, respectively, compared with 0% for the control. The disease severity of isolate 1 reached 75.3% and that of isolate 2 reached 63.6%. The inhibitory effect of the fungal antagonists T. koningii and C. globosum varied. A. carbonarius demonstrated level 3 of inhibition to the pathogenic fungus M. phaseolina, whereas C. globosum and T. koningii demostrated inhibitory levels of 2 and 1, respectively. Results obtained also indicated that treatments with antagonistic fungi T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius increased the growth parameters of the mung bean plant. The antagonistic fungus C. globosum increased the plant height, root fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content compared with the control. Furthermore, the results showed that treatment with T. koningii increased the mung bean seed germination rate to 100% and decreased disease severity of mung bean charcoal rot disease to 45.88% as compared to 89.86% severity for the contol. Likewise, the other antagonistic fungi A. carbonarius and C. globosum also increased the mung bean seed germination , and decreased mung bean charcoal rot disease severity. Keywords : Charcoal rot disease, mung bean, Macrophomina phaseolina, T. koningii, C. globosum, A. carbonarius.

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Complete Genome Sequence Resource for the Endophytic Burkholderia sp. Strain MS389 Isolated from a Healthy Soybean Growing Adjacent to Charcoal Rot Disease Patch

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-21-0377-a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayuan Jia ◽

Emerald Ford ◽

Sonya M. Baird ◽

Shien Lu

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Endophytic Bacterium ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Circular Chromosomes

Burkholderia sp. strain MS389, an endophytic bacterium, was isolated from a healthy soybean plant growing adjacent to a patch of plants affected by charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Preliminary studies demonstrated that strain MS389 possesses antimicrobial activities against multiple plant pathogens. Burkholderia sp. strain MS389 was found to have three circular chromosomes of 3,563,380 bp, 3,002,449bp, and 1,180,421 bp in size, respectively. The 7,746,250-bp genome, with 66.73% G+C content, harbors 6,756 protein coding genes in the predicted 6,985 genes. In total, 18 rRNAs, 68 tRNAs, 4 ncRNAs were identified and 139 pseudogenes were annotated as well. The findings of this study will provide valuable data to explore the antimicrobial mechanisms of the endophytic bacterial strain.

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Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

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Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenotypical traits to screen sesame accessions for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10/2008-pps ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. El-Bramawy M A E-H ◽

E.-S. El-Hendawy S ◽

I. Shaban W

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Colour ◽

Branch Number ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Infection Percentage

Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (FOS) and Macrophomina phaseolina (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.

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Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02083-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (2) ◽

pp. 431-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares ◽

Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio ◽

Gabriel Castro ◽

Salvador Barros Torres ◽

Cristina Esteras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Resistance Sources ◽

Selection Of ◽

Selection Of Resistance

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Resistance in soybean varieties against charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

Plant Disease Research ◽

10.5958/2249-8788.2019.00021.0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Pawan K. Amrate ◽

M. K. Shrivastava ◽

M. S. Bhale

Keyword(s):

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Inoculation of Euphorbia lathyris with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot disease

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-091 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 682-685

Author(s):

Phyllis T. Himmel

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Lesion Development ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Euphorbia Lathyris

Root infections caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were initiated under optimal conditions for the host, Euphorbia lathyris. Two-week-old Euphorbia lathyris seedlings were inoculated by tying roots with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina. Ninety-three per cent of the inoculated roots developed infections after 2 weeks incubation in silica sand at 25 °C. By using infested strings, differences in the incidence of lesion development were detected when infected roots were subjected to differing temperature regimes. After approximately 6 weeks, there was a significantly [Formula: see text] greater incidence of lesion development at 34 °C than at 25 °C, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of infection. Aerial symptoms indicative of charcoal rot were not observed during the course of these studies. Key words: infested strings, charcoal rot.

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The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

10.1101/853846 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ananda Y. Bandara ◽

Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya ◽

Sanzhen Liu ◽

Christopher R. Little

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACTMacrophomina phaseolina (MP) is a necrotrophic fungus that causes charcoal rot disease in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The host resistance and susceptibility mechanisms for this disease are poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional and biochemical aspects of the oxidative stress and antioxidant system of charcoal rot resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to MP inoculation were investigated. RNA sequencing revealed 96 differentially expressed genes between resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes that are related to the host oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Follow-up functional experiments demonstrated MP’s ability to significantly increase reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) content in the susceptible genotypes. This was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde content, an indicator of ROS/RNS-mediated lipid peroxidation. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues of susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe (DAF-FM DA) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Inoculation significantly increased peroxidase activity in susceptible genotypes while catalase activity was significantly higher in MP-inoculated resistant genotypes. MP inoculation significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity in all genotypes. These findings suggested MP’s ability to promote a host-derived oxidative stress response in susceptible sorghum genotypes, which contributes to induced cell death-associated disease susceptibility to this necrotrophic phytopathogen.

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