scholarly journals Dissent in the Midst of Emotional Territory

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Carozza
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dialogue Types

This paper focuses on disagreement spaces fused with emotion. Following Gilbert’s emotional mode of argumentation (1997), further expansions of the mode are made here, specifically for the purposes of being able to classify different types of emotional arguments. First, general concerns with arguments that stray from the traditional approach are addressed. Then a classification system for different types of emotional arguments is developed. Some of the criteria that help determine emotional arguments include dialogue types, arguers involved, as well as the use of emotion.

scholarly journals Social Movement Structures in Relation to Goals and Forms of Action: An Exploratory Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Willems ◽  
Marc Jegers
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Mouvements Sociaux ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nous Utilisons ◽  
Exploratory Model

ABSTRACT This article describes a theoretical taxonomy of the structural features of social movements. We begin by using two classification criteria to analyze the types of relations that characterize the structure of social movements. From there, we look at how differences in structure relate to different goals and forms of action. We then derive a four-fold classification system based on formalization and hierarchy of relationships. For each classification we provide case descriptions of social movements (or parts thereof) using literature on how different movement structures support different types of goals and forms of action. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamics of social movements (or parts thereof) and how their classification may evolve. By doing so, we illustrate how changes in structure, goals, and forms of action mutually influence each other. RÉSUMÉ Cet article dresse une taxonomie théorique des caractéristiques structurelles des mouvements sociaux. Nous utilisons d’abord deux critères de classification pour analyser les types de relation propres à la structure des mouvements sociaux. Par la suite, nous observons comment des différences de structure coïncident avec des buts et des formes d’action différents. Nous développons ensuite un système de classification quadruple fondé sur la formalisation et l’hiérarchisation des relations. Pour chacune des classifications, nous fournissons des descriptions de cas de mouvements sociaux (ou de parties de ceux-ci) en recourant à des écrits sur la manière dont des structures de mouvement différentes entraînent des buts et des formes d’action différents. En outre, nous discutons des dynamiques des mouvements sociaux (ou de parties de ceux-ci) et comment leur classification pourrait évoluer. Par ce moyen, nous illustrons comment des changements de structure, de but et de forme d’action s’influencent réciproquement.

scholarly journals SATzilla: Portfolio-based Algorithm Selection for SAT

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 565-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
F. Hutter ◽  
H. H. Hoos ◽  
K. Leyton-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Algorithm Selection ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Algorithm Portfolios ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sat Solver ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Problem Instances

It has been widely observed that there is no single "dominant" SAT solver; instead, different solvers perform best on different instances. Rather than following the traditional approach of choosing the best solver for a given class of instances, we advocate making this decision online on a per-instance basis. Building on previous work, we describe SATzilla, an automated approach for constructing per-instance algorithm portfolios for SAT that use so-called empirical hardness models to choose among their constituent solvers. This approach takes as input a distribution of problem instances and a set of component solvers, and constructs a portfolio optimizing a given objective function (such as mean runtime, percent of instances solved, or score in a competition). The excellent performance of SATzilla was independently verified in the 2007 SAT Competition, where our SATzilla07 solvers won three gold, one silver and one bronze medal. In this article, we go well beyond SATzilla07 by making the portfolio construction scalable and completely automated, and improving it by integrating local search solvers as candidate solvers, by predicting performance score instead of runtime, and by using hierarchical hardness models that take into account different types of SAT instances. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these new techniques in extensive experimental results on data sets including instances from the most recent SAT competition.

Constructing Identities through Multilingualism and MultiscriptualismThe Linguistic Landscape in Dutch and Belgian Chinatowns多元语言文字中的认同建构——以荷兰、比利 时唐人街的语言风貌为例

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Hans Van de Velde
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
International Language ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Language Area ◽  
The Hague

This paper examines characteristics of the linguistic landscape (ll) in Chinatowns in Belgium and the Netherlands. Fieldwork was conducted in four cities in the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague, and Rotterdam) and two in Belgium (Brussels and Antwerp). All these cities are situated in the Dutch language area, but Brussels is officially bilingual French-Dutch. In the study, the traditional approach in linguistic landscape studies was combined with an ethnographic approach, in which shopkeepers were interviewed about language and script choice in their signs. The quantitative analysis shows that Chinese shows up in more than three quarters of all signs and that in almost 60 per cent of the signs Chinese is the dominant language. Dutch (the language of the region) and English (the international language) show up in almost half the signs. French shows up almost exclusively in Brussels, where Dutch is less used in signs. The analysis also shows interesting differences in script types between the cities. The presence of different types of Chinese character and pinyin systems indexes the Chineseness of the community, the origin of the local Chinese population, the position of the different establishments in the host countries, and the tendency of these Chinese immigrants to localize. We will show how these small overseas-Chinese communities construct and express their new identity by means of multilingualism and multiscriptualism.

scholarly journals Novel Classification System Of Adenoids Based On Appearance And Its Relationship With Drug Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-huan Chang ◽  
Lu An ◽  
Panhong Dang ◽  
Juan Luo ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
Important Drug ◽  
Blood Routine

Objective: To investigate the appropriate drug therapy based on a novel classification system for adenoids based on their appearance. Methods: We used fiberoptic nasal endoscopy to determine the degree and appearance of adenoid hypertrophy (AH). The adenoids were divided into three types: edematous type, common type, and fibrous type. In adenoid tissues, the eosinophils were counted. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were done to determine the expression of CysLTR1, CysLTR2, CGR-α, and CGR-β in different types of adenoids. Results: 70.67% (106/150) AH patients with AR, and of them 68% (72/106) of adenoids were the edematous type. The expression of CGR-α and CGR-β and eosinophil count were higher in the edematous type but not in common and fibrous types. The expression of the leukotriene receptor was stable in all types. There was a positive correlation between eosinophil count in the blood and in the adenoid tissue. Conclusion: AR was the risk factor for the development of AH. Leukotriene receptor antagonist was an important drug for the treatment of AH. The glucocorticoid was only useful in the edematous type. Therefore, for AH patients with AR, patients with edematous type adenoids and/or patients with increased eosinophils in blood routine choose nasal glucocorticoid combined with leukotriene receptor antagonist is appropriate. On the contrary, leukotriene receptor antagonists alone can be selected to treat AH.

(Dis)aligning across different linguacultures: Pragmatic questions from original to dubbed film dialogue

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Ghia
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dialogue Types ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In original and dubbed film dialogue, direct questions are a means to depict interpersonal relationships on screen. In particular, pragmatic questions (i.e. non-questioning, rhetorical interrogatives) are frequently employed to mark alignment among interactants, in the form of affiliative and disaffiliative interrogatives, respectively expressing positive and negative stance. Based on the exploration of the Pavia Corpus of Film Dialogue, the current study aims at investigating the ways in which affiliative and disaffiliative questions are constructed in original English filmic speech and in Italian dubbing. The two dialogue types show rather high similarity in the distribution of pragmatic questions – with a notable prevalence of disaffiliative interrogatives carrying conflict-initiating role. However, different strategies are privileged in the two languages for the linguistic construction of stance. The English source text does not rely on a single and specific pattern to signal affiliation, while it marks disaffiliation through inserts, emotionally-loaded chunks and non-canonical word order in the interrogative. Conversely, dubbed Italian frequently draws on weak connectors to express disalignment and prefers different types of syntactically marked structures in the construction of affiliation. Findings thus suggest a certain degree of autonomy for dubbed dialogue in the selection of specific linguistic markers to transfer and re-portray interpersonal relationships in the target linguaculture.

scholarly journals Sign theory at work: The mental imagery debate revisited

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Issajeva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sign Theory ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Characteristics

This article attempts to give a plausible explanation to the long-debated question about the nature of mental imagery (MI). The traditional approach to this question is based on the representational paradigm, which, I claim, is misguided. Instead of representational aspects of mental imagery, I emphasize the functions of mental imagery, the variety of properties that images exhibit in experimental studies, and the relations between different characteristics of images, their functions and the subject of imagery. That is, I propose to account for mental imagery as a sign system, consisting of different types of signs. A mental image can contain important properties as parts of the complex sign. This approach to the explanation of the nature of MI is beneficial, since it suggests the phenomenon of mental imagery, which overcomes some long-standing controversies on the issue.

scholarly journals Current concepts on carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistulas

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. E14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi X. Kellogg ◽  
Todd A. Kuether ◽  
Michael A. Horgan ◽  
Gary M. Nesbit ◽  
Stanley L. Barnwell
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Endovascular Devices

With greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistulas occur, and with improved endovascular devices, more appropriate and definitive treatments are being performed. The authors define cartoid cavernous fistulas based on an accepted classification system and the signs and symptoms related to these fistulas are described. Angiographic evaluation of the risk the lesion may pose for precipitating stroke or visual loss in the patient is discussed. The literature on treatment alternatives for the different types of fistulas including transvenous, transarterial, and conservative management is reviewed.

Language Theory, Phonology and Etymology in Buddhism and their relationship to Brahmanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Bryan Geoffrey Levman
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
First Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Ultimate Truth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
Insight Into

The Buddha considered names of things and people to be arbitrary designations, with their meaning created by agreement. The early suttas show clearly that inter alia, names, perceptions, feelings, thinking, conceptions and mental proliferations were all conditioned dhammas which, when their nature is misunderstood, led to the creation of a sense of ‘I’, as well as craving, clinging and afflictions. Although names were potentially afflictive and ‘had everything under their power’ (N?ma Sutta), this did not mean that they were to be ignored or even neglected; words were to be penetrated and thoroughly understood, as an essential instrument for liberation. One of the problems of transmitting the Buddha’s teachings was the large number of disciples who did not speak an Indo-Aryan language as their first language or spoke a dialect different from that of the Teacher. This also led to altered transmission of the Vinaya and Suttas by disciples who could not hear certain phonological distinctions not present in their own language or dialect. Hundreds of these anomalies are preserved in the different editions of the canon, testifying to these transmission ambiguities. The passages dealing with this problem provide a valuable insight into the phonological issues that the early sa?gha had to deal with to try and preserve the integrity of the s?sana. At the same time the etymological practices of Brahmanism were imported into Buddhism very early, probably from the time of the Buddha himself, to demonstrate the intellectual superiority of the Buddha and his teachings. Despite the Buddha’s teachings on the arbitrary nature of language, the commentarial and grammatical traditions developed a sophisticated theoretical framework to analyse, explicate and reinforce some of the key Buddhist doctrinal terms. Also, an elaborate classification system of different types of names (n?man) was developed, to show that the language of the Buddha was firmly grounded in saccika??ha, the highest truth, and that some terms were spontaneously arisen (opap?tika), even though such a concept — that words by themselves could arise spontaneously and directly embody ultimate truth — was quite foreign to their Founder.

Product recommendation incorporating the consideration of product performance and customer service factors

Kybernetes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hai Li ◽  
Zhi-Ping Fan ◽  
Guang-Hui Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Recommendation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rank Score ◽  
Service Factors ◽  
Hybrid Recommendation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel framework for recommending desirable products to active customers with the consideration of not only their preferences but also the products’ quality performances and their e-retailers’ service performances under e-commerce. Design/methodology/approach A framework in support of the product recommendation is presented. Three modules are involved in the framework, i.e. data collection and preference analysis module, hybrid recommendation module and recommendation generation module. First, preferences of different types of customers are inferred through analysis of their behavioral data and then a paradigm is adopted based on cased-based reasoning to generate candidate recommendation products. Further, recommendation lists for different types of customers are obtained through measurement of the quality and service performances concerning each candidate recommendation product. Findings To illustrate the performance of the presented framework, a simulation study comparing the approach developed based on the framework and the traditional approach is conducted. The experiment results show that the developed approach outperformed the traditional approach in term of average rank score. This means that incorporating the consideration of product performance and customer service factors can play an important role in product recommendations. Originality/value The presented framework can overcome the defect that low conversion rate of recommended products to actually purchased ones suffered by the traditional approach. In addition, the use of the presented framework can not only help customers to obtain desirable products and save searching time but also supervise and urge e-retailers to pay more attention to the quality and service performances.

Revisión y propuesta de clasificación de corpus

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goretti Faya Ornia
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hierarchical Relationships

In this article we first focus on some of the most important classification systems of linguistic corpora and discuss both the strengths and weaknesses. We pay close attention to the work of Sara Laviosa (1997), Joan Torruella y Joaquim Llisterri (1999), Gloria Corpas Pastor (2001) and Sylviane Granger (2003), not forgetting the contributions by Mona Baker (1995), Stig Johansson (1998 and 2003), Rosa Rabadán y Purificación Fernández Nistal (2002), Maeve Olohan (2004) and Paul Baker (2006). However, despite great advantage of all previous work, our study identified gaps for which we would respectfully suggest some solutions. Finally, we present our classification system in which we attempt to reflect clearly the hierarchical relationships that exist between different types of corpora. The ultimate goal is to offer a wide, comprehensive and flexible classification, which can be easily adapted to the needs of each research work and meet the requirements of linguistic corpora analysis, particularly in the field of Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies.

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