Revisión y propuesta de clasificación de corpus

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goretti Faya Ornia
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hierarchical Relationships

In this article we first focus on some of the most important classification systems of linguistic corpora and discuss both the strengths and weaknesses. We pay close attention to the work of Sara Laviosa (1997), Joan Torruella y Joaquim Llisterri (1999), Gloria Corpas Pastor (2001) and Sylviane Granger (2003), not forgetting the contributions by Mona Baker (1995), Stig Johansson (1998 and 2003), Rosa Rabadán y Purificación Fernández Nistal (2002), Maeve Olohan (2004) and Paul Baker (2006). However, despite great advantage of all previous work, our study identified gaps for which we would respectfully suggest some solutions. Finally, we present our classification system in which we attempt to reflect clearly the hierarchical relationships that exist between different types of corpora. The ultimate goal is to offer a wide, comprehensive and flexible classification, which can be easily adapted to the needs of each research work and meet the requirements of linguistic corpora analysis, particularly in the field of Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies.

Distribution and translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong King Lee
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
First Order ◽  
Language System ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Distributed Language

Abstract Translation has traditionally been viewed as a branch of applied linguistics. This has changed drastically in recent decades, which have witnessed translation studies growing as a field beyond, and sometimes against, applied linguistics. This paper is an attempt to think translation back into applied linguistics by reconceptualizing translation through the notions of distributed language, semiotic repertoire, and assemblage. It argues that: (a) embedded within a larger textual-media ecology, translation is enacted through dialogical interaction among the persons, texts, technologies, platforms, institutions, and traditions operating within that ecology; (b) what we call translations are second-order constructs, or relatively stable formations of signs abstracted from the processual flux of translating on the first-order; (c) translation is not just about moving a work from one discrete language system across to another, but about distributing it through semiotic repertoires; (d) by orchestrating resources performatively, translations are not just interventions in the target language and culture, but are transformative of the entire translingual and multimodal space (discursive, interpretive, material) surrounding a work. The paper argues that distributed thinking helps us de-fetishize translation as an object of study and reimagine translators as partaking of a creative network of production alongside other human and non-human agents.

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Comprehensive Clinically Oriented Patient Profile: A Systematic Review of the Purpose, Characteristic, and Methodological Quality of Classification Systems of Adult Spinal Deformity

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Yat Hong Kwan ◽  
J Naresh-Babu ◽  
Wilco Jacobs ◽  
Marinus de Kleuver ◽  
David W Polly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Patient Profile

Abstract BACKGROUND Existing adult spinal deformity (ASD) classification systems are based on radiological parameters but management of ASD patients requires a holistic approach. A comprehensive clinically oriented patient profile and classification of ASD that can guide decision-making and correlate with patient outcomes is lacking. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the purpose, characteristic, and methodological quality of classification systems currently used in ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for literature published between January 2000 and October 2018. From the included studies, list of classification systems, their methodological measurement properties, and correlation with treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 4470 screened references, 163 were included, and 54 different classification systems for ASD were identified. The most commonly used was the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification system. A total of 35 classifications were based on radiological parameters, and no correlation was found between any classification system levels with patient-related outcomes. Limited evidence of limited quality was available on methodological quality of the classification systems. For studies that reported the data, intraobserver and interobserver reliability were good (kappa = 0.8). CONCLUSION This systematic literature search revealed that current classification systems in clinical use neither include a comprehensive set of dimensions relevant to decision-making nor did they correlate with outcomes. A classification system comprising a core set of patient-related, radiological, and etiological characteristics relevant to the management of ASD is needed.

scholarly journals Modified Nanoclays/Straw Fillers as Functional Additives of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Justyna Miedzianowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

Increasingly, raw materials of natural origin are used as fillers in polymer composites. Such biocomposites have satisfactory properties. To ensure above-average functional properties, modifications of biofillers with other materials are also used. The presented research work aimed to produce and characterize elastomeric materials with a straw-based filler and four different types of montmorillonite. The main research goal was to obtain improved functional parameters of vulcanizates based on natural rubber. A series of composites filled with straw and certain types of modified and unmodified nano-clays in various ratios and amounts were prepared. Then, they were subjected to a series of tests to assess the impact of the hybrids used on the final product. It has been shown that the addition of optimal amounts of biofillers can, inter alia, increase the tensile strength of the composite, improve damping properties, extend the burning time of the material and affect the course of vulcanization or cross-linking density.

NEURAL CLASSIFICATION OF MASS ABNORMALITIES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEATURES IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY

2006 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PANCHAL ◽  
B. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
Benchmark Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Mass Type

Early detection of breast abnormalities remains the primary prevention against breast cancer despite the advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Presence of mass in breast tissues is highly indicative of breast cancer. The research work presented in this paper investigates the significance of different types of features using proposed neural network based classification technique to classify mass type of breast abnormalities in digital mammograms into malignant and benign. 14 gray level based features, four BI-RADS features, patient age feature and subtlety value feature have been explored using the proposed research methodology to attain maximum classification on test dataset. The proposed research technique attained a 91% testing classification rate with a 100% training classification rate on digital mammograms taken from the DDSM benchmark database.

Influence of water contamination in gear lubricants on wear and micro-pitting performance of case carburized gears

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Engelhardt ◽  
Jochen Witzig ◽  
Thomas Tobie ◽  
Karsten Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Influence Of Water

Purpose Water can alter the performance of modern gear lubricants by influencing the flank load carrying capacity of gears significantly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of water contaminations in different kinds of base oils on the micro-pitting and wear performance of case carburized gears. Design/methodology/approach Concerning micro-pitting and wear, tests, based mostly on the following standardized tests, are performed on a Forschungsstelle fuer zahnraeder und getriebebau (FZG)-back-to-back gear test rig: micro-pitting short test Graufleckenkurztest (GFKT) according to DGMK 575 (screening test), micro-pitting test Graufleckentest (GT) according to FVA 54/7 (load stage test and endurance test) and Slow-speed wear test according to DGMK 377. To investigate the effect of water on the gear load carrying capacity dependent on different types of base oils, two polyglycol oils (PG1 and PG2), a polyalphaolefin oil, a mineral oil and an ester oil E are used. Each of these oils are common wind turbine gear oils with a viscosity ISO VG-220. Additionally, a manual transmission fluid with a viscosity of society of automotive engineers (SAE) 75W-85 is tested. Findings Considering the micro-pitting and wear performance, a significant decrease caused by water contaminations could not be detected. Regarding pitting damages, a generally negative influence was observed. This influence was differently distinctive for different base oil types. Especially non-polar lubricants seem to be affected negatively. The documented damages of the tooth flanks confirm this observation. While typical pitting damages appeared in test runs with polar lubricants, the disruption in test runs with non-polar lubricants was more extensive. Based on the experimental investigations, a general model of the damaging mechanisms of water contaminations in lubricants was derived. It is split into three partitions: interaction lubricant–water (effect of water on the molecular structure of base oils and additives), chemical-material-technological (especially corrosive reactions) and tribological influence (effect of water droplets in the contact zone). It has to be considered that the additive package of lubricants affects the influence of water contaminations on the flank load carrying capacity distinctively. An influence of water on the micro-pitting and wear performance in other than the given lubricants cannot be excluded. Originality/value While former research work was focused more on the effects of water in mineral oils, investigations concerning different types of base oils as well as different types of damages were carried out within this research project.

scholarly journals Social Movement Structures in Relation to Goals and Forms of Action: An Exploratory Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Willems ◽  
Marc Jegers
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Mouvements Sociaux ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nous Utilisons ◽  
Exploratory Model

ABSTRACT This article describes a theoretical taxonomy of the structural features of social movements. We begin by using two classification criteria to analyze the types of relations that characterize the structure of social movements. From there, we look at how differences in structure relate to different goals and forms of action. We then derive a four-fold classification system based on formalization and hierarchy of relationships. For each classification we provide case descriptions of social movements (or parts thereof) using literature on how different movement structures support different types of goals and forms of action. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamics of social movements (or parts thereof) and how their classification may evolve. By doing so, we illustrate how changes in structure, goals, and forms of action mutually influence each other. RÉSUMÉ Cet article dresse une taxonomie théorique des caractéristiques structurelles des mouvements sociaux. Nous utilisons d’abord deux critères de classification pour analyser les types de relation propres à la structure des mouvements sociaux. Par la suite, nous observons comment des différences de structure coïncident avec des buts et des formes d’action différents. Nous développons ensuite un système de classification quadruple fondé sur la formalisation et l’hiérarchisation des relations. Pour chacune des classifications, nous fournissons des descriptions de cas de mouvements sociaux (ou de parties de ceux-ci) en recourant à des écrits sur la manière dont des structures de mouvement différentes entraînent des buts et des formes d’action différents. En outre, nous discutons des dynamiques des mouvements sociaux (ou de parties de ceux-ci) et comment leur classification pourrait évoluer. Par ce moyen, nous illustrons comment des changements de structure, de but et de forme d’action s’influencent réciproquement.

Computerized Cone Penetration Test for Soil Classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Mehmet Tumay ◽  
Mark Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Computerized MS-Windows Visual Basic software of a cone penetration test (CPT) for soil classification was developed as part of an extensive effort to facilitate the implementation of CPT technology in many geotechnical engineering applications. Five CPT soil engineering classification systems were implemented as a handy, user-friendly, software tool for geotechnical engineers. In the probabilistic region estimation and fuzzy classification methods, a conformal transformation is first applied to determine the profile of soil classification index (U) with depth from cone tip resistance (qc) and friction ratio (Rf). A statistical correlation was established in the probabilistic region estimation method between the U index and the compositional soil type given by the Unified Soil Classification System. Conversely, the CPT fuzzy classification emphasizes the certainty of soil behavior. The Schmertmann and Douglas and Olsen methods provide soil classification charts based on cone tip resistance and friction ratio. However, Robertson et al. proposed a three-dimensional classification system that is presented in two charts: one chart uses corrected tip resistance (qt) and friction ratio (Rf); the other chart uses qt and pore pressure parameter (Bq) as input data. Five sites in Louisiana were selected for this study. For each site, CPT tests and the corresponding soil boring results were correlated. The soil classification results obtained using the five different CPT soil classification methods were compared.

Yoruba Disease Classifications for Planning in Health Care

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Brieger ◽  
Jayashree Ramakrishna ◽  
Joshua D. Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
General Point ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Illness And Disease ◽  
Point Of Departure

An understanding of local concepts of illness and disease that underlie disease classification systems is essential for designing culturally relevant training programs in primary health care. Prior to training personnel in primary health care in Idere, Nigeria, residents were interviewed revealing that two main groups of disease exist. Generally, arun is serious, chronic and contagious, while aisan represents temporary indispositions. When given seventeen conditions to classify, respondents clearly demarked five as arun and five as aisan while the remainder fell in a grey area in between. Ironically, malaria which is a dangerous disease to young children, was classified as aisan. The disease classification system is being used as a general point of departure for discussion during training. Concerning training on the specific diseases, appropriate ideas are reinforced while others are modified all within the context of the local classification system.

scholarly journals Do audiological classification systems cause more confusion than clarity?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Access To Services

The lack of a single classification system is clearly problematic, not least because it renders intervention studies difficult to interpret and has implications for patient access to services.

scholarly journals Innovative Web Service Grammar for Streaming Computing in Real-Time Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Query Result ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Event Flow ◽  
Streaming Computing

The purpose of this work is to develop a UJSON web technology with C# application to analyze the student data in real-ime. Execute continuous requests on JSON streaming data based on advanced technologies for parallel streaming computing, suitable for solving analytic problems and calculation of metrics in real-time. The developed management information system in this research work designed to filtering event flow, building an event flow as a query result, grouping and aggregation of events, and creating window semantics. For testing the proposed work, several queries were selected that implement aggregation with different types of semantic windows (Steps, Slides). Testing was done locally and on education moodle clusters. It was used 4 types of configurations 2, 4, 8, and 16 computing nodes. Based on the obtained results, scalability is noticeable with an increase in the number of nodes. The updated functions of the proposed UJSON could improve the construction of parallel flow systems and data processing. The developed approach based on modern and advanced parallel flow technologies for output calculations considering the pros and cons of various approaches found in the current era.

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