scholarly journals Critical Thinking in Moral Argumentation Contexts: A Virtue Ethical Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Michelle Ciurria
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Epistemic Virtue ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Moral Argumentation ◽  
Light Theory

In traditional analytic philosophy, critical thinking is defined along Cartesian lines as rational and linear reasoning preclusive of intuitions, emotions and lived experience. According to Michael Gilbert, this view – which he calls the Natural Light Theory (NLT) – fails because it arbitrarily excludes standard feminist forms of argumentation and neglects the essentially social nature of argumentation. In this paper, I argue that while Gilbert’s criticism is correct for argumentation in general, NLT fails in a distinctive and particularly problematic manner in moral argumentation contexts. This is because NLT calls for disputants to adopt an impartial attitude, which overlooks the fact that moral disputants qua moral agents are necessarily partial to their own values and interests. Adopting the impartial perspective would therefore alienate them from their values and interests, causing a kind of “moral schizophrenia.” Finally, I urge a re-valuation of epistemic virtue in argumentation.

scholarly journals Sketch of clinical phenomenology of the lived experience in the COVID-19 pandemic in Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Virginia Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
Lived Space ◽  
Online Psychotherapy ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Phenomenology ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Lived Time

The clinical practice in clinical phenomenology, be it psychiatric or psychological, is based on the philosophical inspiration adopted by the clinician. In my case, I see the world ambiguously and Merleau-Ponty is my philosopher of inspiration. Through these lenses, I see the phenomenon I study as a researcher or the way I relate to my patient as a psychotherapist. I also look through these lenses to write this essay about my lived experience in the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. COVID-19 reminds us that we are human and vulnerable. Assuming this vulnerability in its full existential meaning can be empowering, considering vulnerability in its intrinsic sense as a place in life with its ethical and political meanings. In the case of the lived experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in northeastern Brazil, contact with vulnerability, in many situations, is confused with precariousness, which has a more social nature. I also mention that the quarantine imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic required us to communicate with our families and work at home exclusively through video and audio on our computers. Under these circumstances, it is worth reflecting on the changes that we are experiencing in our own functioning, in our lived space and lived body. On the other hand, the lack of fluidity in our existential movement in the lived time is concerning as it affects the structural core of the human being and existential continuity. In this context, I finally present some preliminary thoughts about on-online psychotherapy through phenomenological lens.

The Edgard Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-275
Author(s):  
Fernando Luiz Fogliano ◽  
André Gomes de Souza ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Fidélio de Freitas ◽  
Rachel Lerner Sarra ◽  
Juliana Pereira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Conversational Interface ◽  
Critical Mind ◽  
The Impact

As Artificial Intelligence technologies advance, their use becomes increasingly widespread, and what was once a fantasy of being able to communicate with a virtual being is now part of our everyday lives. New issues arise with every new technology, and discussions are needed to avoid significant problems. By looking at what is happening now and at the impact that AI has and will continue to have, one needs to remember history and its contradictions with a critical mind to have a more ethical approach to technology innovations. This chapter focuses on the Edgard Project, an intersection between Contemporary Art and Conversational Interface Design. Consisting of a chatbot named Edgard, the project emerges as an artistic approach to encourage critical thinking about the technology that gives him “life” and highlights the contradictions of AI through its ironic discourse and outdated interface.

scholarly journals Imagining a different voice: A critical and caring approach to management education

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Heath ◽  
Lisa O’Malley ◽  
Caroline Tynan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Management Students

This article discusses the use of the moral philosophy known as the ethics of care to critically engage management students in ways that favour the development and enactment of a critical and responsible mentality towards business. We use this ethics to ground critical thinking in a moral framework in order to create a conversation in which new possibilities for sustainable and ethical practices might be discovered. Specifically, we identify four teaching practices that allow students to experience being both ‘cared for’ and ‘one-caring’ and explore how this creates a deeper and more critical moral engagement with those affected by businesses. We further propose a framework for applying a care-ethical approach for teaching and learning.

scholarly journals Diversity, Social Inquiries, and Epistemic Virtues

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epistemic Virtue ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social

A teoria das virtudes epistêmicas (VE) sustenta que as virtudes dos agentes, tais como a imparcialidade ou a permeabilidade intelectual, ao invés de crenças específicas, devem estar no centro da avaliação epistêmica, e que os indivíduos que possuem essas virtudes estão mais bem-posicionados epistemicamente do que se não as tivessem, ou, pior ainda, do que se tivessem os vícios correspondentes: o preconceito, o dogmatismo, ou a impermeabilidade intelectual. Eu argumento que a teoria VE padece de um grave defeito, porque fracassa ao se ajustar à natureza social dos questionamentos (epistêmicos) típicos. Esse e outros defeitos relacionados a esse infectam o paralelo que os teóricos VE traçam entre virtudes epistêmicas e morais. Ao prometer o incremento na proporção de crenças verdadeiras sobre crenças falsas, ou ignorância, as virtudes epistêmicas não podem desempenhar um papel paralelo àquele que Aristóteles reserva às virtudes morais ao prometer o incremento em nossa felicidade e no bem-estar da comunidade. A minha rota para essas críticas é feita das razões sobre por que os agentes (sociais) devem buscar a obtenção de seus objetivos morais e epistêmicos diferentemente nos papéis que atribuem às virtudes. PALAVRAS-CHAVES – Virtude epistêmica. Divisão de trabalho epistêmico. Diversidade. Conhecimento. Falibilidade. Virtude moral. ABSTRACT Epistemic Virtue (EV) theory holds that virtues of agents, like impartiality or openmindedness, rather than specific beliefs, should be at the center of epistemological evaluation, and that individuals with those virtues are better positioned epistemically than if they lacked them or, worse, if they instead had the corresponding vices: prejudice, dogmatism, or close-mindedness. I argue that EV theory suffers from a serious flaw because it fails to accommodate to the social nature of typical (epistemic) inquiries. This and related flaws infect the parallel that EV theorists allege between epistemic and moral virtues. In promising to improve our ratio of true beliefs to either false beliefs or ignorance, the epistemic virtues cannot play a roll parallel to that which Aristotle claims for the moral virtues in promising to increase our happiness and the well-being of the community. The path to these criticisms I introduce by offering reasons for why (social) agents should seek to realize their epistemic and moral goals very differently in the respective roles they accord to the virtues. KEY WORDS – Epistemic virtue. Division of epistemic labor. Diversity. Knowledge. Fallibility. Moral virtue.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Plantinga
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Ethical Response ◽  
Ethical Significance

The conclusion briefly summarizes the argument of Screen Stories: Emotion and the Ethics of Engagement. Stories on screens are rhetorically powerful in large part due to the emotions they elicit. The conclusion goes on to list ten tenets or features of an ethics of engagement that constitute an ethical response to that power. In addition to the claims about emotion, these tenets include an insistence on the consideration of mainstream stories on an individual basis, an affirmation of celebration and praise as well as critique, the avoidance of reductive “lumping” criticism, the claim that the immersive experience may also elicit critical thinking, an affirmation of possible ethical values other than critical thinking, the claim that attention to characters as moral agents is sometimes compatible with sociopolitical analysis, and an affirmation of the importance of form in the determination of ethical significance.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Peter J. A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
English Politics

The Conclusion draws attention to three major arguments that have been developed throughout the book, suggesting that laughter’s transcendent power in twelfth-century texts produced a unique crossover between political and religious ideals of authority; situating humor in the lived experience of twelfth-century English politics; and reflecting on the implications of this research for our wider understanding of the development of medieval Europe. The rise of powerful laughter appears as a component in the evolving importance of the body in Christian devotion and equally, the escalating capital of humor in courtly society reveals something of the changing social nature of high political circles. This emerging power, ultimately, reveals modes of resistance to new forms of governance and political control. Both the laughing king and the laughing saint offered a resilient challenge to the networks of bureaucracy, law, codes, and protocols that were rapidly coming to dominate the rhythms of European life.

scholarly journals Engaging Values Despite Neutrality

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Internet Protocols ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Protocol Development ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
The Social

Internet protocol development is a social process, and resulting protocols are shaped by their developers’ politics and values. This article argues that the work of protocol development (and more broadly, infrastructure design) poses barriers to developers’ reflection upon values and politics in protocol design. A participant observation of a team developing internet protocols revealed that difficulties defining the stakeholders in an infrastructure and tensions between local and global viewpoints both complicated values reflection. Further, Internet architects tended to equate a core value of interoperability with values neutrality. The article describes how particular work practices within infrastructure development overcame these challenges by engaging developers in praxis: situated, lived experience of the social nature of technology.

The Theopoetic Reduction: Suspending the Supernatural Signified

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
John D Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Proper Power

Abstract Theopoetics represents a reinterpretation of theology which relieves it of its supernaturalism and thereby allows theology to adopt its proper discursive mode and find its proper truth. In theopoetics, the classical distinction between the natural light of reason and the supernatural light of revelation is reinterpreted as a distinction between a prosaic discourse and a poetic one. In the language of phenomenology, a theopoetics is made possible by an epoche which suspends the supernatural attitude in order to allow us to adopt the theopoetic attitude, by a reduction of the supernaturalism in theology which leads us back (reducere) to the matter itself (die Sache selbst) of theology, which is the poetics. The poetics is an alternate discourse which brings to words the lived experience of the call by which we are addressed in the narratives and songs, the figures and the forms of theology’s founding texts. The reduction releases these texts from the grip of supernatural assumptions by which they are mystified and distorted. It releases the proper power of these images and narratives, which is not magical or supernatural, but strictly, rigourously theopoetic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document