The mode of action of NSP hydrolysing enzymes in
the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract A probiotic is a culture of live microorganisms that can manipulate and maintain a beneficial microflora in the gut. Prebiotics are nondigestible feed ingredients that can positively affect the animal organism by stimulating the activity and growth of beneficial native bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the pathogenic ones. Some studies have shown their beneficial effects when they have been used separately or simultaneously in the form of synbiotics, to obtain enhanced mutual effect. These supplements were proposed with success as alternatives to antibiotic growth-promoting feed additives but further studies are needed to better understand their mode of action and effects. This review article presents growing interest in using these antibiotic alternatives, the potential mechanism of their action in the live organism, and discusses some recent data on the effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.

Download Full-text

Heterocyclic inflammation inhibitors

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/bf02476188 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 141-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sham Sondhi ◽

Shefali Rajvanshi ◽

Nirupma Singh ◽

Shubhi Jain ◽

Anand Lahoti

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽

Cox 1

AbstractNon steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used medicines for relief of pain. These drugs have some side effects, particularly toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Various approaches have been used for obtaining safer anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review we have summarized the recent developments in the following areas; (i) mode of action of NSAIDs (ii) Role of COX-1 & COX-2 in inflammation, (iii) Different approaches used to improve gastric tolerance i.e. chemical manipulation, formulation & co-administration, development of non specific (COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors) and specific (COX-2 inhibitors) inflammation inhibitors, and development of inflammation inhibitors having a mode of action other than COX-1 & COX-2 inhibition. We have also focused on the safety of COX-2 inhibitors and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and their role as inflammation inhibitors.

Download Full-text

Mode of action of escins Ia and IIa and E , Z -senegin II on glucose absorption in gastrointestinal tract

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00054-6 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1019-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Hisashi Matsuda ◽

Toshiyuki Murakami ◽

Yuhao Li ◽

Johji Yamahara ◽

Masayuki Yoshikawa

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Glucose Absorption

Download Full-text

A REVIEW ON THE PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF HINGUVACHADI CHURNA (POWDER)- AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION WITH MULTIFACETED ACTION

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ◽

10.47070/ijapr.v9i3.1859 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

Sinimol.T.P ◽

Emy. S.Surendran ◽

Varsha Sumedhan ◽

Meghna.P.P ◽

V.Subhose

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Pharmacological Action ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Deep Insight ◽

Digestive Capacity ◽

Root Cause ◽

Specific Disease ◽

Scientific World

Since time immemorial, a wide variety of various formulations have been used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat different gastro intestinal disorders which includes Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoctions), fermented preparations like Asava and Arishta, Lehya (linctus), Vati/ Gutika (tablets) etc. Agnimandya (slow digestive power) is considered as the root cause of all disorders in Ayurveda, especially gastrointestinal disorders. Hinguvachadi Churna is a time tested formulation widely used by Ayurvedic practitioners for correcting the digestive power of our body. There are 24 constituents in this formulation and is indicated in the management of certain specific disease conditions originated because of Vata and Kapha humour. Modern scientific world always need explanations and logic behind the mode of action of various Ayurvedic procedures. This review is an attempt to explain the mode of action of this formulation. On analysing the properties of the ingredients, it was found that it is predominant of Katu rasa (pungent taste), Ruksha (dry) Teekshna (sharp) Guna (property), Ushna veerya (hot potency), Katu vipaka (pungent taste after bio transformation). These properties are responsible for the various pharmacological action of the formulation in Ayurvedic terms. As per modern pharmacology, phytoconstituents of many herbs are having action concerned with motility and secretions of Gastrointestinal tract, ultimately resulting in improved digestive capacity of our body. Analysis of mode of action gives a deep insight about the usage of formulations with a better understanding. The physician can apply his logic to use the medicine in contexts other than indicated.

Download Full-text

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

Infection Control ◽

10.1017/s0195941700062603 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Susan T. Bagley

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Habitat Associations ◽

Habitat Association ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Almost All ◽

Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

Download Full-text

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066917 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

E. A. Elfont ◽

R. B. Tobin ◽

D. G. Colton ◽

M. A. Mehlman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Future Study ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Effective Inhibitor ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

Download Full-text