scholarly journals Comparing languages and cultures: Parametrization of analytic criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-368
Author(s):  
Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Core Part

The focus of the paper is to present arguments in favour of a complex set of areas of reference in cross-linguistic analyses of meanings, aimed in particular at the identification of a set of relevant analytic criteria to perform such a comparison. The arguments are based on lexicographic and corpus linguistic data and specifically on the polysemic concept of integrity in English and its lexical counterparts in Polish. It is generally assumed in Cognitive Linguistics, which is taken as the basic framework of the present study, that meanings, which are defined as convention-based conceptualizations, are not discrete entities, fully determined, even in fuller context but rather they are dynamic conventional conceptualizations[13]. Therefore, it is considered essential to identify first their basic, prototypical senses and then their broad meanings , which include, apart from the core part, their contextual, culture-specific, and connotational properties, defined in terms of a parametrized set of semasiological as well as onomasiological properties. The study methodology has also been adjusted towards this multifocused analysis of linguistic forms and considers the interdisciplinary - linguistic, psychological, cultural and social domains to identify the cultural conceptualizations of the analysed forms. In the present case a cognitive corpus-based analysis in monolinguistic English contexts and in the English-to-Polish and Polish-to-English translation data of lexicographic and parallel corpus materials, as well as cultural dimensions will be exemplified to conclude with a parametrized system of cognitive cross-linguistic tertia comparationis to more fully determine their broad linguistic meanings.

scholarly journals Cognitive Corpus Linguistics: five points of debate on current theory and methodology

Corpora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Arppe ◽  
Gaëtanelle Gilquin ◽  
Dylan Glynn ◽  
Martin Hilpert ◽  
Arne Zeschel
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Authentic Language ◽  
Discussion Note

Within cognitive linguistics, there is an increasing awareness that the study of linguistic phenomena needs to be grounded in usage. Ideally, research in cognitive linguistics should be based on authentic language use, its results should be replicable, and its claims falsifiable. Consequently, more and more studies now turn to corpora as a source of data. While corpus-based methodologies have increased in sophistication, the use of corpus data is also associated with a number of unresolved problems. The study of cognition through off-line linguistic data is, arguably, indirect, even if such data fulfils desirable qualities such as being natural, representative and plentiful. Several topics in this context stand out as particularly pressing issues. This discussion note addresses (1) converging evidence from corpora and experimentation, (2) whether corpora mirror psychological reality, (3) the theoretical value of corpus linguistic studies of ‘alternations’, (4) the relation of corpus linguistics and grammaticality judgments, and, lastly, (5) the nature of explanations in cognitive corpus linguistics. We do not claim to resolve these issues nor to cover all possible angles; instead, we strongly encourage reactions and further discussion.

scholarly journals A Genre Approach to the Translation of Political Speeches Based on a Chinese-Italian-English Trilingual Parallel Corpus

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402093360
Author(s):  
Yu Danni
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Grammar Analysis ◽  
Functionalist Approach

Using a trilingual parallel corpus, this article investigates the translation of Chinese political speeches in Italian and English, with the aim to explore cross-linguistic variations regarding translation shifts of key functional elements in the genre of political speeches. The genre-based methodology includes a rhetorical move analysis, which is used to highlight key functional elements of the genre, and a functional grammar analysis of translation shifts of the lexico-grammatical elements identified in the previous stage. The findings show that the core communicative function of the genre is “Proposing deontic statements,” and modality of obligation is essential for the realization of this rhetorical function. Afterwards, the analysis of translation shifts of deontic modality reveals that the English translation is characterized by higher modality value shifts in comparison to the Italian translation. This difference may be related to the degree of autonomy in translation choice and understanding of the communicative purposes of the translation genre. In terms of methodological implications, this functionalist approach attempts to providing insights into the communicative purposes of the translation genre by focusing on how key functional elements are translated.

Metaphors in “The Elements of Language” by E.Sapir

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Elena Smolianina ◽  
Irina Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
The Core ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Productive Structure ◽  
Human And Nature

The research is aimed at identifying metaphors and building metaphorical models underlying the scientific article on linguistics "The Elements of Language" by E.Sapir on the grounds of cognitive linguistics. It also provides classification and analysis of the metaphors used in the scientific text under question and correlation of the researcher's metaphorical models with the core ones in Linguistics. The methodology is based on the cognitive principle that each scientific text has a sense productive structure, derivative from a scientific cognitive and communicative situation, with particular stages of sense development represented in all subtexts of the scientific text. Cognitive and linguistic analyses are procedures used to identify the subtexts, metaphors (Steen 2002), to analyse and classify the latter and to build metaphorical models. The analysis revealed that E.Sapir uses mostly three kinds of metaphors: dead, conventional scientific and original (his own). Dead metaphors dominate in all the subtexts of the article. The most frequent and sense developing metaphorical models are the ones referring to Human and Nature and to Human and Results of Labour.  Keywords: metaphor, metaphorical model, scientific text, subtext, linguistics, sapir

scholarly journals POTRET BUDAYA LOKAL MASYARAKAT TANJUNG RAYA, KABUPATEN AGAM - SUMATERA BARAT DI ERA DIGITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Dwi Rini Sovia Firdaus ◽  
Djuara Lubis ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto ◽  
Djoko Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
The Core ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Family Typologies

The people of West Sumatra, who have been adhering to the Minangkabau matrilineal cultural tradition, are currently experiencing cultural decay. Many studies speculate that the unique Minangkabau culture will not be too much disturbed by the influx of globalization because in essence the only part that will be eroded is the peripheral part, while the core will remain preserved for all time. This study photographed the people of Tanjung Raya District based on existing family typologies, then saw a shift in norms passed on to teenagers using the six Hofstede cultural dimensions. This study surveyed five types of families with calculations using a simple addition operation. The results of the questionnaire were made high and low criteria, then presented in cobweb graphical form. The assessment indicators are based on the six dimensions of Hofstede's culture. Shifting the teachings of exemplary teachings from Minangkabau culture is determined using the ANOVA test. The results of this study are to map the portrait of Minangkabau culture according to Hofstede and a portrait of each of Hofstede's dimensions in each type of family in Tanjung Raya District. From there, it can be seen how far away the approach of the values taught by the family towards Minangkabau culture is approaching.

scholarly journals Microbiological aspects of biogenic amines formation in ripening cheeses

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Olga Cwiková ◽  
Vlastimil Dohnal ◽  
Tomáš Komprda
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Part C ◽  
The Core ◽  
Edge Part ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Hard Cheese ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

Counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total anaerobes and enterococci were determined in the course of ripening in the edge part (E) and the core part (C) of Dutch-type semi-hard cheese produced with different fat content (30 and 45 %) by two different producers (H and R) using two different starter cultures (L and Y). Counts of LAB at the beginning of ripening (day 0) in H producer´s samples were higher (P < 0,01) in comparison with the R producer´s ones. Count of enterococci was the highest (P < 0,05) at the end of the ripening (176th day) in sample R30YE. Higher (P < 0,01) enterococci counts were in R producer´s cheeses (in comparison with the H producer´s ones). Enterococci contamination was higher (P < 0,05) in E-samples than C-samples. Content of the sum of all BA in cheese was negatively correlated (P < 0,05) with counts of lactic acid bacteria (r = –0,24) and counts of total anaerobes (r = –0,23). No correlation between the sum of BA content and enterococci counts was found.

Design of Urban-Rural Power Grid Dispatching Fault Diagnosis Expert System

2014 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Fault Inference ◽  
Fault Information ◽  
Core Part

The paper designs the urban-rural power grid dispatching fault diagnosis expert system which acquires fault information by SCADA system of automatic system of urban-rural power grid, and uses artificial intellegence method to analyze fault information and make fault diagnosis. The paper implements the core part of the fault expert systemthe design of knowledge base and fault inference engine.

scholarly journals Using token-based semantic vector spaces for corpus-linguistic analyses: From practical applications to tests of theoretical claims

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hilpert ◽  
David Correia Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Lexical Items

AbstractThis paper presents token-based semantic vector spaces as a tool that can be applied in corpus-linguistic analyses such as word sense comparisons, comparisons of synonymous lexical items, and matching of concordance lines with a given text. We demonstrate how token-based semantic vector spaces are created, and we illustrate the kinds of result that can be obtained with this approach. Our main argument is that token-based semantic vector spaces are not only useful for practical corpus-linguistic applications but also for the investigation of theory-driven questions. We illustrate this point with a discussion of the asymmetric priming hypothesis (Jäger and Rosenbach 2008). The asymmetric priming hypothesis, which states that grammaticalizing constructions will be primed by their lexical sources but not vice versa, makes a number of empirically testable predictions. We operationalize and test these predictions, concluding that token-based semantic vector spaces yield conclusions that are relevant for linguistic theory-building.

Low resistant and stable lithium-garnet electrolyte interface enabled by a multifunctional anode additive for solid-state lithium batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chencheng Cao ◽  
Yijun Zhong ◽  
Kimal Chandula Wasalathilake ◽  
Moses O. Tade ◽  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intrinsic Stability ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Lithium Garnet ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
Core Part

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have attracted considerable attention due to the high intrinsic stability and theoretical energy density. As the core part, garnet electrolyte has been extensively investigated due to high...

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