scholarly journals Applied translation studies and transdisciplinary action research: Understanding, learning and transforming translation in professional contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-461
Author(s):  
Gary Massey
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Use Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Home Institution ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Professional Contexts

Proceeding from accepted shared definitions of applied linguistics that stress its practical, real-world orientation and instrumentality, this article seeks to move the focus from the interdisciplinarity that has been identified as the nexus of translation studies in the past to how its applied branches should systematically engage with an emerging transdisciplinary research paradigm. It argues that the shift can and will be a key factor, challenge and opportunity in the onward development of applied translation studies as it seeks to adequately address the situated realities of professional translation. The article reveals how transdisciplinarity, operationalised as action research, offers a viable framework for investigating, understanding and learning about what translators really do in working contexts and settings, with a view to identifying issues, improving practices, processes and performance, and ultimately transforming the profession for the good of those it employs and serves. In doing so, it considers approaches from cognitive translatology, based largely on a 4EA cognitive paradigm, and translatorial linguistic ethnography, where researchers are gradually but progressively going out into the field to explore and describe the complex socio-cognitive, socio-technical activity of translation in situ. After presenting a use case from a large-scale research project on translation ergonomics at the authors home institution, the article puts forward a model for transdisciplinary action research in professional settings to guide the necessary transition from interdisciplinarity to transdisciplinarity. Such a model would allow professional processes and practices to be investigated, and the findings productively and transformatively applied, in the situated socio-cognitive and socio-technical contexts of translators workplaces - within, for, with and by the organisations that employ them.

scholarly journals Transitioning from Interdisciplinarity to Transdisciplinarity in Applied Translation Studies: Towards Transdisciplinary Action Research in Translators’ Workplaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
GARY MASSEY
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract Since the beginnings of translation studies, applied translation research has set out to address the practices, processes and products of translation in both work and education. The contexts in which these are realized are embedded in broader sociotechnical systems as well as in the specific settings where translation is performed. Although the situated nature of professional translation is uncontroversial and suggests that it should be investigated in situ, workplace-based, organization-oriented research in applied translation studies is a relatively recent and still under-developed phenomenon. The nascent interest in it is partly due to advances in research tools and practices, but mostly to an emerging but still largely implicit transdisciplinary research framework. This article argues that the actual and potential impact of transdisciplinarity should frame translation research more explicitly. It considers how the growing diversification of professional translation and its convergence with other communication professions calls for applied translation studies to adjust to new realities. It explores current developments in professional translation practice, presents a use case of workplace-based research, and concludes with a model of transdisciplinary action research that can serve as a structured framework for investigating and learning from rapidly evolving professional processes and practices in translators’ sociotechnical workplaces.

scholarly journals Analysis, identification and visualization of subgroups in genomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Völkel ◽  
Simon Laban ◽  
Axel Fürstberger ◽  
Silke D Kühlwein ◽  
Nensi Ikonomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Use Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Personalized Intervention

Abstract Motivation Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving multiple somatic mutations that accumulate during its progression. In the past years, the wide availability of genomic data from patients’ samples opened new perspectives in the analysis of gene mutations and alterations. Hence, visualizing and further identifying genes mutated in massive sets of patients are nowadays a critical task that sheds light on more personalized intervention approaches. Results Here, we extensively review existing tools for visualization and analysis of alteration data. We compare different approaches to study mutual exclusivity and sample coverage in large-scale omics data. We complement our review with the standalone software AVAtar (‘analysis and visualization of alteration data’) that integrates diverse aspects known from different tools into a comprehensive platform. AVAtar supplements customizable alteration plots by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for subset identification and provides an innovative and user-friendly interface for the evaluation of concurrent solutions. A use case from personalized medicine demonstrates its unique features showing an application on vaccination target selection. Availability AVAtar is available at: https://github.com/sysbio-bioinf/avatar Contact [email protected], phone: +49 (0) 731 500 24 500, fax: +49 (0) 731 500 24 502

scholarly journals Sharing Pandemic Vaccination Certificates through Blockchain: Case Study and Performance Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José L. Hernández-Ramos ◽  
Georgios Karopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Geneiatakis ◽  
Tania Martin ◽  
Georgios Kambourakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Use Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Network Response Time

During 2021, different worldwide initiatives have been established for the development of digital vaccination certificates to alleviate the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic to vaccinated individuals. Although diverse technologies can be considered for the deployment of such certificates, the use of blockchain has been suggested as a promising approach due to its decentralization and transparency features. However, the proposed solutions often lack realistic experimental evaluation that could help to determine possible practical challenges for the deployment of a blockchain platform for this purpose. To fill this gap, this work introduces a scalable, blockchain-based platform for the secure sharing of COVID-19 or other disease vaccination certificates. As an indicative use case, we emulate a large-scale deployment by considering the countries of the European Union. The platform is evaluated through extensive experiments measuring computing resource usage, network response time, and bandwidth. Based on the results, the proposed scheme shows satisfactory performance across all major evaluation criteria, suggesting that it can set the pace for real implementations. Vis-à-vis the related work, the proposed platform is novel, especially through the prism of a large-scale, full-fledged implementation and its assessment.

A high resolution reanalysis for the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Mohamed Omar ◽  
Andrea Cipollone ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>In order to be able to predict the future ocean climate and weather, it is crucial to understand what happened in the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics such as deep convection and thermohaline circulation or coastal hydrodynamics. To this end, effective tools are reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. </p><p>Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVar).</p><p>The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24<strong>°</strong> and 141 vertical z* levels and provides daily and monthly 3D values of temperature, salinity, sea level and currents. Hourly ECMWF ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from the global CMCC C-GLORS reanalysis. 39 rivers model the freshwater input to the basin plus the Dardanelles. The reanalysis covers 33-years, initialized from SeaDataNet climatology in January 1985, getting to a nominal state after a two-years spin-up and ending in 2019. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats and XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry data.</p><p>This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show an overall improvement of the skill and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to the previous, lower resolution (1/16<strong>°</strong>) reanalysis. Temperature and salinity RMSE is decreased by respectively 12% and 20%. The deeper biases in salinity of the previous version are corrected and the new reanalysis present a better representation of the deep convection in the Gulf of Lion. Climate signals show continuous increase of the temperature due to climate change but also in salinity.</p><p>The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Fe(VI) in abating contaminants in water: State of art and knowledge gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchang Wang ◽  
Binbin Shao ◽  
Junlian Qiao ◽  
Xiaohong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water State ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Important Nodes

Abstract The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development and wide application of Fe(VI) in the field of water de-contamination because of its environmentally benign character. Fe(VI) has been mainly applied as a highly efficient oxidant/disinfectant for the selective elimination of contaminants. The in situ generated iron(III) (hydr)oxides with the function of adsorption/coagulation can further increase the removal of contaminants by Fe(VI) in some cases. Because of the limitations of Fe(VI) per se, various modified methods have been developed to improve the performance of Fe(VI) oxidation technology. Based on the published literature, this paper summarized the current views on the intrinsic properties of Fe(VI) with the emphasis on the self-decay mechanism of Fe(VI). The applications of Fe (VI) as a sole oxidant for decomposing organic contaminants rich in electron-donating moieties, as a bi-functional reagent (both oxidant and coagulant) for eliminating some special contaminants, and as a disinfectant for inactivating microorganisms were systematically summarized. Moreover, the difficulties in synthesizing and preserving Fe(VI), which limits the large-scale application of Fe (VI), and the potential formation of toxic byproducts during Fe(VI) application were presented. This paper also systematically reviewed the important nodes in developing methods to improve the performance of Fe(VI) as oxidant or disinfectant in the past two decades, and proposed the future research needs for the development of Fe(VI) technologies.

scholarly journals A High Resolution Reanalysis for the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Andrea Cipollone ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
Massimiliano Drudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean

In order to be able to forecast the weather and estimate future climate changes in the ocean, it is crucial to understand the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics like deep convection and overturning circulation. To this end, effective tools are ocean reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVar). The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24° and 141 unevenly distributed vertical z* levels. It provides daily and monthly temperature, salinity, current, sea level and mixed layer depth as well as hourly fields for surface velocities and sea level. ECMWF ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from a global reanalysis. The reanalysis covers the 33 years from 1987 to 2019. Initialized from SeaDataNet climatology in January 1985, it reaches a nominal state after a 2-years spin-up. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats and XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry observations. This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show an overall improvement of the comparison with observations and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to a previous, lower resolution (1/16°), reanalysis. Temperature and salinity RMSD are decreased by respectively 14 and 18%. The salinity biases at depth of the previous version are corrected. Climate signals show continuous increase of the temperature and salinity, confirming estimates from observations and other reanalysis. The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures and the selection of climate indicators for the basin.

Renewable building blocks for polyurethanes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Neff ◽  
Agnieszka Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
And Performance

Abstract For the past 60+ years, polyurethane chemistry has been used to make a wide variety of everyday consumer products such as mattresses, automotive interior parts and foam insulation. Today, the vast majority of polyurethane products are made entirely from petroleum. Although polyols made from natural oils have made inroads during the past decade, cost and performance, as well as the presence of a large-scale established infrastructure around petroleum-based materials, remain as barriers to significant market penetration. Promising new developments such as sugar-derived raw materials have the potential to shift the balance of cost and performance, but they are at an early stage. While not a comprehensive review of the large volume of academic literature on renewable polyurethane chemistry, this article discusses several routes to renewable, commercially viable building blocks for polyurethanes, considering both established and emerging technology.

Recent Advances in In-Situ Ocean Observation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Sea State ◽  
State Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
User Groups

Ocean observation has evolved tremendously, from collection and exchange of weather and sea state information by ocean going ships in the late 19th century to today’s multisensor, multi-platform, multi-disciplinary, large scale observation networks. Data are now transmitted and disseminated automatically in real-time to a variety of user groups with significant social and economical implications. This paper provides an overview of representative advances in in-situ ocean observation during the past decade. Major driving forces and representative advances and trends in in-situ observation are described. Advances are discussed under the categories of observation infrastructure and major measurement system components including sensor, platform, data collection and telemetry, and power supply. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a major participant of the global ocean observation programs and examples of its contributions and activities are introduced.

A high resolution reanalysis for the Mediterranean Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Massimiliano Drudi ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
Alessandro Grandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>In order to be able to predict the future ocean climate and weather, we need to understand what happened in the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics such as deep convection and thermohaline circulation or coastal hydrodynamics. To this end, effective tools are reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. </p><p>Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the CMEMS Med-MFC framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVAR). A series of system developments have been carried out to upgrade the current Med-MFC reanalysis to the new one with high resolution, including new NEMO version and configuration, the new version of atmospheric forcing (ERA-5) datasets and revised OceanVAR scheme.</p><p>The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24<strong>°</strong> and 141 vertical z* levels and provides daily and monthly 3D values of temperature, salinity, sea level and currents. Hourly ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from the global CMCC C-GLORS reanalysis. 39 rivers model the freshwater input to the basin plus the Dardanelles. The reanalysis covers 30-years, initialized from World Ocean Atlas climatology in January 1985, getting to a nominal state after a two years spin-up and ending in 2018. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats, XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry data.</p><p>This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show good agreement with observations and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to the previous, lower resolution (1/16<strong>°</strong>) reanalysis. The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures.</p>

scholarly journals ECOLOGIA DO MOVIMENTO EM PEIXES DE RIACHO

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 381-397
Author(s):  
Rosana Mazzoni ◽  
◽  
Thiago Fonseca de Barros ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Analytical Tools

Movement is a key factor in spatial dynamics and the size of fish populations. It is one of the main mechanisms for maintaining viable populations and also accounts for the dispersion, colonization and performance of individuals life stages. The currently refuted restricted movement paradigm predicted that freshwater fish would not move. However, studies show that in addition to moving on a short and large scale, the movement patterns of these fish have, in general, reproductive, food, search for shelter, colonization or exploitation motivation. Studies on the movement of Neotropical fish are concentrated on the large migrators from large basins, such as Amazonas and Paraná. For streams, where small species predominate, little is known about the movement and its motivations. In this review, we show that studies on the movement of fish in neotropical streams are still very scarce. We propose a protocol for obtaining data and analytical tools for determining fish movement in streams. We highlight three tools for that: (i) analysis of the spatio-temporal structure of the size of the fish, (ii) mark-recapture experiments and (iii) molecular analyzes. We conclude that, given the limitation of each analysis, the use of the three tools must be carried out jointly.

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