scholarly journals Application of Fe(VI) in abating contaminants in water: State of art and knowledge gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchang Wang ◽  
Binbin Shao ◽  
Junlian Qiao ◽  
Xiaohong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water State ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Important Nodes

Abstract The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development and wide application of Fe(VI) in the field of water de-contamination because of its environmentally benign character. Fe(VI) has been mainly applied as a highly efficient oxidant/disinfectant for the selective elimination of contaminants. The in situ generated iron(III) (hydr)oxides with the function of adsorption/coagulation can further increase the removal of contaminants by Fe(VI) in some cases. Because of the limitations of Fe(VI) per se, various modified methods have been developed to improve the performance of Fe(VI) oxidation technology. Based on the published literature, this paper summarized the current views on the intrinsic properties of Fe(VI) with the emphasis on the self-decay mechanism of Fe(VI). The applications of Fe (VI) as a sole oxidant for decomposing organic contaminants rich in electron-donating moieties, as a bi-functional reagent (both oxidant and coagulant) for eliminating some special contaminants, and as a disinfectant for inactivating microorganisms were systematically summarized. Moreover, the difficulties in synthesizing and preserving Fe(VI), which limits the large-scale application of Fe (VI), and the potential formation of toxic byproducts during Fe(VI) application were presented. This paper also systematically reviewed the important nodes in developing methods to improve the performance of Fe(VI) as oxidant or disinfectant in the past two decades, and proposed the future research needs for the development of Fe(VI) technologies.

A Literature Review on the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing—Welding Systems and Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400
Author(s):  
Zidong Lin ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Xinghua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Design Generation

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is considered to be an economic and efficient technology that is suitable to produce large-scale and ultra-large-scale metallic components. In the past two decades, it has been widely investigated in different fields, such as aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Due to its relatively high deposition rate, material efficiency, and shortened lead time compared to other powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been significantly noticed and adopted by both academic researchers and industrial engineers. In order to summarize the development achievements of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in the past few years and outlook the development direction in the coming days, this paper provides an overview of 3D metallic printing by applying it as a deposition method. The review mainly focuses on the current welding systems, software for tool path design, generation, and planning used in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In the end, the state of the art and future research on wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) have been prospected.

scholarly journals The trends of uveal melanoma research in the past two decades and future perspectives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Ali Elubous ◽  
Ali Daoud Alebous ◽  
Hebah Ali Abous ◽  
Rawan Ali Elubous
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers

Abstract PURPOSE Evaluation of the research trends in uveal melanoma in the past two decades.METHODS Data were extracted from the Web of Science database website. VOSviewer and Citespace software were used to analyze the retrieved data. RESULTS The leading country in terms of output and international collaboration is the United States. Research interest in genetic mutations, molecular pathways, and immunotherapy was remarkable in recent years. Most of the top ten journals are specialized in ophthalmology. In recent years the hotspots include future perspectives, BAB1 mutation, therapeutic target, and systematic reviews. The keywords with the strongest citation bursts are immunotherapy, outcome, and in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION The output of uveal melanoma research increased during the past two decades. Future research foci may include exploring different mutations role, immunotherapy, molecular alterations, and finding ideal clinical biomarkers.

scholarly journals TheChildLab.com A Video Chat Platform for Developmental Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sheskin ◽  
Frank Keil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Over the past decade, the internet has become an important platform for many types of psychology research, especially research with adult participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. More recently, developmental researchers have begun to explore how online studies might be conducted with infants and children. Here, we introduce a new platform for online developmental research that includes live interaction with a researcher, and use it to replicate classic results in the literature. We end by discussing future research, including the potential for large-scale cross-cultural and longitudinal research.

Mapping the Decadal (2009–2018) Research Landscape of Nanotoxicity: Insights from a Bibliometric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1337
Author(s):  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Impact

Nanomaterials (NMs) have wide applications in industrial and household areas, and possibilities of exposure to NMs are increasing, prompting considerable concerns about safety issues related to them. This paper describes the research landscape of nanotoxicity over the past ten years by adopting bibliometric methods. Annual, regional, and institutional distributions, as well as regional/institutional impact of literature on nanotoxicity were analyzed. Both quantitative and citation-based analyses were carried out to reveal the research hotspots. Results showed that cytotoxicity was the most concerned issue in the application of NMs, especially in imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. There were also a large number of studies on ecotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, genotoxicity, inflammation, and reproductive toxicity caused by NMs. NMs such as Ag, Au, graphene-based materials (GBMs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TiO2, SiO2, etc. were the most studied materials. Moreover, a growing number of both in vivo and in vitro studies involving NMs have been carried out in the past ten years. Mammalian models, such as mouse, human and rat, were the most studied models. A Sankey diagram between study types and experimental models showed that in vivo studies exceeded in vitro studies for some well-established animal models. Yet in-depth in vivo studies regarding interactions of NMs within human systems were still essential. With rapid development of nanotechnology, toxic and safety issues on NMs need to be addressed more specifically in future research.

scholarly journals Wearable Actuators: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yiduo Yang ◽  
Mengjiao Li ◽  
Erdong Chen ◽  
Weilei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers

The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric or accessories, or tattoos directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people's everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of the recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators.

A high resolution reanalysis for the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Mohamed Omar ◽  
Andrea Cipollone ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>In order to be able to predict the future ocean climate and weather, it is crucial to understand what happened in the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics such as deep convection and thermohaline circulation or coastal hydrodynamics. To this end, effective tools are reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. </p><p>Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVar).</p><p>The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24<strong>°</strong> and 141 vertical z* levels and provides daily and monthly 3D values of temperature, salinity, sea level and currents. Hourly ECMWF ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from the global CMCC C-GLORS reanalysis. 39 rivers model the freshwater input to the basin plus the Dardanelles. The reanalysis covers 33-years, initialized from SeaDataNet climatology in January 1985, getting to a nominal state after a two-years spin-up and ending in 2019. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats and XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry data.</p><p>This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show an overall improvement of the skill and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to the previous, lower resolution (1/16<strong>°</strong>) reanalysis. Temperature and salinity RMSE is decreased by respectively 12% and 20%. The deeper biases in salinity of the previous version are corrected and the new reanalysis present a better representation of the deep convection in the Gulf of Lion. Climate signals show continuous increase of the temperature due to climate change but also in salinity.</p><p>The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of emerging predominant HFMD pathogen, coxsackievirus A6 in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Song ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
W B Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6

Abstract Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) had the highest yearly incidence, with over 10 million cases of HFMD annually reported in China. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) have been regarded as the leading pathogens of HFMD outbreaks worldwide and in China; however, in recent years, the leading pathogens have been changing, as large outbreaks of CV-A6-associated HFMD have been reported worldwide. Since 2013, repeated large-scale HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-A6 happened in mainland China, where, as a result, CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces. We sequenced the whole genomes of 158 CV-A6 clinical samples that were isolated between 2010 and 2018 from the HFMD Surveillance Network established in our laboratory. Our results showed that: seven recombination forms (RFs) of Chinese CV-A6 were detected; different CV-A6 RFs showed distinct virulence and transmissibility; VP1283T may play an important role in the virulence of Chinese CV-A6. HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. In this research, we have attempted to explore the causes of the high transmissibility of the emerging CV-A6 in mainland China on the basis of CV-A6 evolution based on 336 whole-genome sequences, and we have yielded some fruitful results for the future research and surveillance of HFMD in China. Key messages HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces.

scholarly journals A High Resolution Reanalysis for the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Andrea Cipollone ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
Massimiliano Drudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean

In order to be able to forecast the weather and estimate future climate changes in the ocean, it is crucial to understand the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics like deep convection and overturning circulation. To this end, effective tools are ocean reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVar). The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24° and 141 unevenly distributed vertical z* levels. It provides daily and monthly temperature, salinity, current, sea level and mixed layer depth as well as hourly fields for surface velocities and sea level. ECMWF ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from a global reanalysis. The reanalysis covers the 33 years from 1987 to 2019. Initialized from SeaDataNet climatology in January 1985, it reaches a nominal state after a 2-years spin-up. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats and XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry observations. This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show an overall improvement of the comparison with observations and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to a previous, lower resolution (1/16°), reanalysis. Temperature and salinity RMSD are decreased by respectively 14 and 18%. The salinity biases at depth of the previous version are corrected. Climate signals show continuous increase of the temperature and salinity, confirming estimates from observations and other reanalysis. The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures and the selection of climate indicators for the basin.

scholarly journals Wearable Actuators: An Overview

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-321
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yiduo Yang ◽  
Mengjiao Li ◽  
Erdong Chen ◽  
Weilei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers

The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric, accessorized, or tattooed directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people’s everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators.

scholarly journals Toward making sexual and gender diverse populations count in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Anthony Lyons ◽  
Joel Anderson ◽  
Mary Lou Rasmussen ◽  
Edith Gray
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Social Support Services ◽  
And Gender

Background  Comprehensive data on gender and sexual identity is critical for the planning and delivery of health, education, and social support services. This paper examines ways in which sexual and gender diverse populations are being counted in research, with a view to informing discussions about how to represent these populations in future research. Aims  To examine approaches used for the collection of data from sexual and gender diverse populations in Australia. Data and methods  We reviewed nine examples of large national surveys conducted in Australia over the past ten years and compared the approaches used for collecting data on gender and sexual identity. Results  A diversity of approaches and a range of limitations were identified in how these diverse populations are counted. The proportions of survey respondents across sex, gender and sexual identity categories, and the types of categories, were also found to vary across studies. Conclusions  There is currently no consistent approach for collecting data involving sexual and gender diverse populations in Australia despite the need for large-scale surveys that reflect sexual and gender diversity. This paper identifies conceptual and methodological questions for consideration when planning how to capture diversity related to gender and sexual identity.

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