scholarly journals ANTHRACOLOGICAL EVALUATION AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF GUARANI OCCUPATION - TAPHONOMIC COMPARISONS TO CONSTRUCT THE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE FORQUETA RIVER BASIN, RS, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Inês Secchi ◽  
Isa Carla Osterkamp ◽  
Marjorie Kauffmann ◽  
Joana Beuren ◽  
Neli Tersinha Galarce Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Anthropogenic Origin ◽  
University Center ◽  
History Of

Anthracological studies aim at the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment through the analysis and interpretation of macroremains of carbonized woods found in soils and archaeological sites that are related to previous human activities. The objective of this study was to compare the anthrocological and taphonomic data of the Archaeological Sites RS-T-101 and RS-T-114, located in the municipality of Marques de Souza, associated with pre-colonial occupancies of Guarani origin (archaeological sites RS-T-114 and RS-T-101, respectively, in 1,410-431 BP years and 1,411 -295 years BP, to build the environmental history of the Forqueta River basin based on taphonomic comparisons between these two sites. The traces analyzed were collected following methodology scaling and blasting, being conducted by the Archeology Section of the team’s Museum of Natural Sciences of the UNIVATES University Center. In this work, the images of carbon obtained under SEM were analyzed from both sites, which were the object of previous anthrachological studies, being used to perform the taphonomic comparisons. From the images, it can be inferred that the recovered charcoals in the sites had their anatomical characteristics well preserved, being possible to observe homogenization of the cellular walls, as well as the thickness of the walls demonstrates fires with temperatures that did not exceed 340ºC. Moreover, with this study it was possible to infer that the fragments found in these sites may have been originated by fires of anthropogenic origin because they are dispersed in the sedimentary matrix as well as in places with the presence of vestiges of fires.

scholarly journals ALS-Based Detection of Past Human Activities in the Białowieża Forest—New Evidence of Unknown Remains of Past Agricultural Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stereńczak ◽  
Rafał Zapłata ◽  
Jarosław Wójcik ◽  
Bartłomiej Kraszewski ◽  
Miłosz Mielcarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence

The Białowieża Forest (BF), a unique ecosystem of historical significance in central Europe, has a long history of assumed human settlement, with at least 200 known archaeological sites (until 2016). This study uncovers new evidence of the cultural heritage of this unique forest area using Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) technology combined with traditional archaeological field assessment methods to verify the ALS data interpretations and to provide additional evidence about the function and origin of the newly detected archaeological sites. The results of this study include (1) a scientific approach for an improved identification of archaeological resources in forest areas; (2) new evidence about the history of the human use of the BF based on ALS data, covering the entire Polish part of the BF; and (3) an improved remote sensing infrastructure, supporting existing GIS (Geographic Information System) systems for the BF, a famous UNESCO Heritage site. Our study identified numerous locations with evidence of past human agricultural activities known in the literature as “field systems”, “lynchets” and “Celtic fields”. The initial identification included more than 300 km of possible field boundaries and plough headlands, many of which we have verified on the ground. Various past human activities creating those boundaries have existed since the (pre-) Roman Period up to the 13th century AD. The results of this study demonstrate that past human activities in the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest had been more prevalent than previously believed. As a practical result of the described activities, a geodatabase was created; this has practical applications for the system of monument protection in Poland, as well as for local communities and the BF’s management and conservation. The more widely achieved results are in line with the implementation of the concept of a cultural heritage inventory in forested and protected areas—the actions taken specify (built globally) the forms of protection and management of cultural and environmental goods.

scholarly journals Czynności ludzkie jako obiektywny wymiar badań nauk humanistycznych. Analiza porównawcza koncepcji Kazimierza Twardowskiego i Floriana Znanieckiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 12(48) (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Treatment

The article is an analysis of the concept of human activities of two great Polish thinkers − Kazimierz Twardowski and Florian Znaniecki. The text is analytical and synthetic in nature, bordering on the history of ideas and methodology. The main problem of the article is to show what research approach in humanities results from the concept of human activities by Twardowski and Znaniecki. They present different ways of conceptualizing human activities, which complement each other logically and define complementary areas of description of human behavior. Twardowski strives to objectively describe human activities as logical and semiotic situations contained in human products. Such a perspective provides the basis for a scientific treatment of them, different from discovering hidden deterministic cause-and-effect relationships specific to natural phenomena. In Znanieckiʼs approach, activities are treated as a material of culture, i.e. an order of relations between all externalized human experiences. This is the basis of a humanistic understanding of human behavior that conforms to cause and effect thinking in the natural sciences.

Social and Environmental History in the Anthropocene

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Warde
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

This chapter takes seriously the notion of the ‘Anthropocene’—the concept of the period of history from which human activities have had global effects on the environment—and looks at it historically, across the longue durée, noting that the environment is itself a concept with a history of its own. The chapter argues that environmental history is very largely entwined with social history and that this poses a challenge for historians. Should we think of ‘the social’ and ‘the environmental’ as two different (albeit connected) spheres, or should we reconceptualize what ‘society’ and ‘environment’ might mean, both historically and for the future?

Research history of geoarcheological sites of the Middle Dnieper Left Bank

2020 ◽  
Vol 101-102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Illia Kravchuk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Significant Concentration ◽  
Important Milestone

The article presents an analysis of the study of archeological sites by methodology of natural sciences on the left bank of the Middle Dnieper, namely 23 sites from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Iron Ages (11 in Chernihiv region; 2 in Sumy region; 6 in Poltava region; 2 in Kyiv region and 1 in Dnipropetrovsk region). Three stages in the sites research have been established on the basis of the complex of methods applied: 1) 1st half of the 20th century - 1980s – the discovery of majority of the sites and settlements on the left bank of the Middle Dnieper region; mainly geological and palaeontological studies. 2) 1980s–2000 – introduction of new (or improved) natural science methods, the complex interpretation and analysis of former research materials. The first appearance of pollen data in the studied area was an important milestone; 3) the beginning of the 21st century – nowadays – further implementation of pollen and palaeopedological methods in the study of the previously known and newly discovered sites. Uneven distribution of the Palaeolithic sites in the area studied was shown (with their significant concentration in the Desna region). The geoarchaeological sites were studied with a different number of methods – 13 out of 23 sites were dated by the radiocarbon method, 9 sites also had palynological and palaeopedological data, 18 of them had paleontological findings. The most complete and representative information is obtained for the following Palaeolithic sites: Pushkari I, Buhorok, Dobranichivka, Hintsi, Buzhanka II, Obolonnia and the Neolithic site Pohorilivka-Vyrchyshche. The Bronze and Chalcolithic sites in the area were studied less intensely and with less number of methods than the Palaeolithic sites. The necessity for further palynological and palaeopedological studies of the archaeological sites is highlighted.

The Nature of Mafia: An Environmental History of the Simeto River Basin, Sicily

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Armiero ◽  
Filippo Gravagno ◽  
Giusy Pappalardo ◽  
Alessia Denise Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Crucial Feature ◽  
Specific Geographical Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

This article builds upon a rich scholarship that has proposed, though with different shades, the concept of socionatures, meaning by this the inextricable hybrid of ecological and social facts. In this article, we aim to explore how the Mafia produces particular socionatural formations, entering into landscapes, becoming rivers and cities, penetrating into the bodies of humans and non-humans. We will develop our argument by exploring a specific geographical area, the Simeto River, and how the Mafia has become intertwined with its ecologies. We will analyse the appropriation of the river since the 1950s, illustrating various ways in which the Mafia has blended with its ecologies: the control of water, the touristification of the river's mouth and the placement of waste facilities. We argue that one crucial feature of Mafia socionatures is the attack against commons, i.e. the attempt to subdue the (re)productive properties of human and more-than-human communities to Mafia economic interests. Therefore, we will propose the practices of commons and commoning - that is, the making of commons - as one of the possible strategies against the Mafia.

scholarly journals Preliminary Report on Unique Laminated Holocene Sediments from the Qarun Lake in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Marks ◽  
Alaa Salem ◽  
Fabian Welc ◽  
Jerzy Nitychoruk ◽  
Zhongyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Varved Sediments ◽  
The Core ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southwestern Margin ◽  
The One

Abstract The Lake Qarun (Faiyum Oasis, northern Egypt) is a relic of the much larger Holocene lake. Past lake levels and extensions were reconstructed, based on setting of archaeological sites scattered along northern paleoshores of the ancient lake. However, geoarcheological works did not yield enough data to establish continuous environmental history of the lake. A deep drilling FA-1 on the southeastern shore of the lake, performed in 2014, supplied with a core, 26 m long that is the one of the longest lake sediment cores in northeastern Africa. The basal section of the core consisted of thin-laminated diatom marly deposits, underlain at the Late Pleistocene/Holocene boundary by coarse-grained sands. The sediment lamine were quite well developed, especially in the lower part of the core. Preliminary results indicated annually deposited sediment sequence with seasonality signals provided by microlamine of diatoms, calcite, organic matter and clastic material. Early Holocene varved sediments from the Faiyum Oasis supplied with exceptional paleoenvironmental data for northeastern Africa, which enriched a record from previous logs drilled at the southwestern margin of the Qarun Lake.

scholarly journals The Historical Flood Of July 2008 From Vaser River Basin, Romania. Causes, Effects And Flood Control Actions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sima ◽  
Gheorghe Șerban
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
History Of

Abstract Floods is an experience perceived by society as unexpected, unexplainable and traumatizing and nowadays a threat to humanity more than ever. Among the natural phenomena which negatively affect human activities, floods are the ones which usually have the most significant consequences. The research, evaluations and statistics related to these phenomena do not reveal the drama and serious consequences that come with floods. It was proven that the increase of these extreme hydrological phenomena it is closely related to the anthropic activities from the area. Vaser basin is the most significant sub-basin of Vișeu river basin, contributing with 28% from the total flow of Vișeu river. Having a strong touristic and economic potential, the basin is often threatened by flash floods which usually have devastating effects. During July 2008 there was recorded the most significant flood from the history of hydrometric activity that led to substantial damage and death among locals. The present paper aims to analyze this historical flood, identifying the causes, effects, as well as the methods to control this extreme hydric phenomenon.

scholarly journals Burnt and Unburnt Carbon: Dating Charcoal and Burnt Bone from the Willandra Lakes, Australia

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Carbon Dating ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Burnt Bone

A new analysis of previous results on conflicts between shell and charcoal dates and on burnt human bones, with new data presented here, suggests that alternative interpretations are possible for the archaeology and environmental history of the Willandra Lakes region. Black sediment samples from archaeological sites at Lake Outer Arumpo exhibit wide variation in burnt and unburnt carbon content; high humic acid concentrations in midden layers and in one group of hearth/ovens are absent in another, older, group of hearth/ovens. There are no acceptable results on charcoal from hearth/ovens older than ca. 31 ka bp, and no evidence that these samples are associated with numerous midden shell dates at 34–37 ka bp. Similar logic applied to humic-free residue dates on burnt human bones places five gracile skeletons (including Mungo 1) as post–Last Glacial Maximum.

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