The motivation behind an international entrepreneurial career after first employment experience

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the current literature on international entrepreneurial careers by employing the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. It mainly aims at identifying determinants of international entrepreneurial intentions among young people and after their first employment experience in Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses SEM on a sample of 150 young Lebanese employees to analyze the relationships among the model constructs.FindingsThe SEM broadly holds and adequately fits the data. The entrepreneurship context and the motivation of young employees are the variables that positively affect entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship education and social norms have no statistically significant impact. Finally, risk awareness and professional experience are the variables that negatively affect entrepreneurial intentions. The level of international entrepreneurial intentions among young Lebanese employees is relatively low, which may be justified by the bad economic and political situation.Research limitations/implicationsData were drawn from organizations located in a specific geographical area, namely, Lebanon. Thus, this may constrain the generalizability as well as causality of the results.Originality/valueThis study provides an empirical explanation of having an international entrepreneurial career after the first employment experience, with a sample of 150 young employees in Lebanon. By applying the SEM, this study developed a multi-perspective framework covering various factors that may affect the choice of an international career in entrepreneurship, especially after the first job experience. Even though this study's results reflect a particular case, its recommendations could facilitate the achievement of better learning outcomes.

Use of Languages by Valencian Business-to-Consumer Service Companies in their Telematic Communications

This study analyses the languages used by companies in their telematic means (website, social media, etc.) in a specific geographical area, the Valencian Community (Spain), where two official languages (Catalan and Spanish) coexist and where there is a large influx of foreign tourists (mainly British). More specifically, the aim of the study is to understand the weight each language has in companies’ telematic communication. The theoretical approach used for the analysis is the centre-periphery model, which is used to analyse national identity and language. Different techniques (use of secondary sources, mystery shopping, content analysis and direct observation) have been used in the quantitative empirical study to obtain a statistically disaggregated data matrix. The results strongly emphasize the peripheral and marginal position of Catalan in this region, and, on an international scale, the resistance of Spanish, which clearly maintains its hegemonic position over English in the telematic communications of these companies.

Sex-Related Differences in Allelic Frequency of the Human Beta T Cell Receptor SNP rs1800907: A Retrospective Analysis from Milan Metropolitan Area

This paper aims at retrospectively re-analyzing the different distribution, between males and females, in the allelic frequency of the human β T cell receptor (TCR β) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) rs1800907 in Caucasian patients in the Milan metropolitan area. The allelic frequency significantly differed between sexes. Females showed higher frequency of C/C genotype than males, but lower T/C genotype (p < 0.0001). Heterozygous (T/C) versus homozygous (T/T + C/C) genotypes resulted in a different distribution of frequencies in males than in females, the latter possessing higher homozygosis (p < 0.0001). Within the limitations of this work (small number of included studies that concerned just a specific geographical area), allelic distribution according to sex might account the role of TCRβ-related SNPs in autoimmune diseases and further investigations are required to explain better this genetic background, in the perspective of a sex-related T cell immune responsiveness and auto-immunity.

Electrical Power Diversification: An Approach Based on the Method of Maximum Entropy in the Mean

Electrical energy is generated in different ways, each located at some specific geographical area, and with different impact on the environment. Different sectors require heterogeneous rates of energy delivery, due to economic requirements. An important problem to solve is to determine how much energy must be sent from each supplier to satisfy each demand. Besides, the energy distribution process may have to satisfy ecological, technological, or economic cost constraints.

Geocast Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Networks

Geocasting is a subset of conventional multicasting problem. Geocasting means to deliver a message or data to a specific geographical area. Routing refers to the activities necessary to route a message in its travel from source to the destination node. The routing of a message is very important and relatively difficult problems in the context of Ad-hoc Networks because nodes are moving very fast, network load or traffic patterns, and topology of the network is dynamical changes with time. In this chapter, different geocast routing mechanisms used in both Mobile Ad-hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. The authors have shown a strong and in-depth analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol. For delivering geocast message, both the source and destination nodes use location information. The nodes determine their locations by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). They have presented a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing geocast routing protocols and proposed future direction in designing a new routing protocol addressing the problem.

Impact of Management Support on Employee Commitment in Hotel Sector

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of managerial support on the employee commitment of employees working in Hotel industry of Malaysia. The study utilizes regression model to assess a survey data collected from 415 respondents working in different areas of Malaysia. The study found that managerial support is positively and significantly related with employee commitment. In order to promote the employee commitment, the manager must pay more attention to supporting employees in their routine activities to achieve comparative advantage over its competitors. This cross-sectional study is limited to a very specific geographical area, therefore, a future study with a wide geographical and organizational setting is recommended.

Special Economic Zones (SEZ): Challenges and Opportunities in Nepal

The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is that specific geographical area which has economic and other business laws that are more market-oriented than a country’s typical or national laws. It is the region where government provides the special facilities by constructing separate rules and regulations and wants to promote foreign investments and capital for export oriented economy. National laws may be suspended inside a special economic zone. This article describes the different aspects of SEZ in global and national context, policies and present situations of SEZ in Nepal. The overall objective of this article is to find out the present situation of special economic zones of Nepal. The specific objective is to analyze the overall conditions of SEZ, their challenges and opportunities in Nepal. the analytical and descriptive methods are applied in this study. The data used in the study is quantitative which are collected from the economic survey of the ministry of finance, ministry of industry, commerce and supply, World Bank, OECD, SEZ office, published articles and newspapers related to SEZ and reports. In conclusion, to achieve high speed of economic development, to generate employment opportunities and to increase direct foreign investment are the main goals of SEZ. The government of Nepal has implemented formally the concept of Special Economic Zone in 2000 AD and constructed laws, act and policies and implemented after 2017 A D.

Developing a Sense of Place through Minorities' Traditional Music in Contemporary China

Looking back over the past nearly 70 years since the People’s Republic of China was established, it seems that the meaning of ‘place’ has varied and changed, especially since the turn of the millennium. ‘Place’ usually refers to a specific geographical area, but it can also reference an imagined space – that is, a sense of place is assembled through experience, feeling, perception and identification. To date, Chinese scholars have paid more attention to the close relationship between traditional music and its locale, or the place in which its original owners resided, but there has been little research that moves beyond a geographical conceptualization. However, the dimensions of place in China are more complex when we consider ethnic minorities rather than the majority Han Chinese: minority musicians represent themselves through their music, while the central government emphasizes the integration of diverse cultures within the Chinese nation. Representations of place, and how these relate to music, therefore differ. This chapter examines, using Feld’s and Basso’s (1996) term, what the ‘sense of place’ is for minority musicians, and how within contemporary China musicians and the state have developed different ‘senses of place’.

Critical issues affecting e-government implementation in Nigeria : a case of housing development agency

The aim of this study was to identify the critical issues affecting the successful implementation of e-government in Nigeria from the public officials' perspective. To achieve this aim, the study developed a conceptual framework underpinned by the technology-organisation-environment framework and the drivers-barriers model as a lens to identify the critical issues affecting e-government implementation in Nigeria of a specific sector, the housing sector. A qualitative approach was adopted. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews involving 15 participants. Thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed interviews. The findings identified general technological, organisational and environmental factors and highlighted critical factors within these categories, namely ICT infrastructure, top management support, public-private partnership, and Regulatory Policy and Legislation. Hence, the study draws attention to the critical need for these issues to be addressed for the successful implementation of e-government. While this study was restricted to a specific geographical area, Lagos State, and a specific sector within several government agencies, the study provides the first comprehensive assessment of e-government in the housing sector in Nigeria using a framework relevant to the context of the problem.