Durkheim’s Human being Theory as the Source of Sociological Identity Theory: Focusing on the Primitive Forms of Religious Life

In the course of supporting his larger thesis about mysticism, Steven Katz argues that, ‘Every religious community and every mystical movement within each community has a “model” or “models” of the ideal practitioner of the religious life.' Among thirteen functions of such models he mentions three that partially overlap. He says that (i) these model lives set standards of perfection to measure believers' actions, (ii) they are perfect examples of what it is to be a human being, and (iii) they are moral paradigms. Katz mentions various saints, sages, and other exemplary figures, and sums up with the claim that in the Christian tradition the function of ‘ models’ is expressed in Thomas à Kempis' The Imitation of Christ. Taking all of this together, one could conclude that he intends to say that every religious tradition contains accounts of morally perfect persons who are examples to be imitated.

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Realisasi Ajaran Teologi Sosial Melalui Tradisi Ngejot di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi ◽

10.25078/sp.v12i2.3014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

I Wayan Sunampan Putra

Keyword(s):

Religious Pluralism ◽

Daily Life ◽

Religious Life ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Community Life ◽

Human Being ◽

Human Beings ◽

Religious People ◽

Important Phenomenon ◽

Religious Obligation

Harmony in religious life is an important phenomenon to note. Considering that several different religions have developed in Indonesia, it is necessary to apply the teachings of harmony theology. Community life under religious pluralism is not always harmonious. In daily life, several cases of disharmony of religious communities often occur. This disharmony occurs because of the lack of tolerance between religious people with one another. To bring back the attitude of tolerance, one needs to explore religious teachings. Thus, there is no longer a nerrow mind against Hindus. The theology of harmony in the Hindu perspective in this case seeks to provide teachings about the unity of mankind. In the Hindu perspective of harmony theology, every human being should respect his fellow human beings because they come from the same source, namely God. Harmony is a religious obligation and obedience to God, it is also a cultural guideline and customs. The synergy between the two has always greatly influenced people's perspectives and attitudes regarding various matters, including efforts to create a harmonious life in the midst of plurality.

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THE DIALOGUE OF RELIGIONS AND ONTOLOGICAL INCOMPLETENESS Of a HuMAN Being

Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya ◽

10.17816/2072-2354.2019.19.2.5-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3-4) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

E. V Maksimova

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Middle East ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Religious Life ◽

Religious Studies ◽

Interreligious Dialogue ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Human Being ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Global World

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of ontological incompleteness of a human being in connection with the possibility of spiritual help from religious traditions. The author shows how the unified ontological substitution of spiritual existence with virtual reality is carried out in the global world. The article investigates the potential of interreligious dialogue in search for new forms of contact with the universal anthropological risks of virtualization, individualization and alienation of man from his spiritual needs. The experience of religious interaction, features of intra-religious life of communities and modern attitude of churches to each other and to people are analyzed on the basis of Religious Studies fieldwork in Russia, in the countries of Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

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Sinergitas Islam dan Budaya dalam Kearifan Lokal: Studi Adat Molobunga Yiliyala di Gorontalo

Jurnal Ilmiah AL-Jauhari: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Interdisipliner ◽

10.30603/jiaj.v5i2.1817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 266-284

Author(s):

Muh Rusli

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Religious Life ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Human Being ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Cultural Symbols ◽

Creation Process ◽

Life And Death ◽

The World

The cycle of human travel on earth begins with birth, life and death. This cycle is conditional with the values of local wisdom when viewed from the perspective of local customs and culture. In Gorontalo society the birth cycle continues with the custom of Molobunga Yiliyala (the burial of the placenta). Where the placenta is respected and glorified by traditional burial. This is inseparable from the belief of the Gorontalo tribe that the placenta is a twin of a baby who has noble functions and duties. Its function is to keep the baby out of the world and his job is to remind his twin during life to remember his vow with the creator, always obeying God. If his twin does not obey God, the placenta will consequently torture him on the Day of Judgment. By using phenomenological approach, this study analyses the data obtained through interviews, observations, documentation, and focus group discussions. The results of the study showed that the procession of Molobunga Yiliyala was traditionally through several stages. Starting with cleansing and shading with various ingredients. Subsequently, it followed by the delivery to the burial place, then the funeral or burial, and finally, the recitation of prayer. In each procession it involves cultural symbols that are loaded with local wisdom values. Among them: the value of purity, reflection and appreciation of the perfection of the human creation process; hope to be a good human being. All these processes mean: respect for all God's creations, appreciation for brotherhood, respect for environmental cleanliness, and the value of supervision from God. These values have implications for the religious socio-religious life of the religious Gorontalo community and live in harmony.

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KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DALAM ISLAM

JURNAL AL-AQIDAH ◽

10.15548/ja.v11i1.908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Tri Yuliana Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Religious Experience ◽

Religious Freedom ◽

Religious Pluralism ◽

Religious Life ◽

Freedom Of Religion ◽

Human Being ◽

Personal Beliefs ◽

Religious Plurality

Every human being is free to choose a religion according to his religious experience and in accordance with his personal beliefs. Freedom of religion also includes the situation conducive for people to choose religion (according to his) and to his religion without restriction and coercion from any party. The challenges of today's religious life in contrast to the issue of religious freedom and the fact of religious plurality. Religious pluralism urged all religions to think practically how to get along with other religious and theological interpret the meaning of the presence of religion and belief.

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Shabbat and Sacred Time in Later H ̣ asidic Mysticism

10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Eitan P. Fishbane

Keyword(s):

Religious Life ◽

Human Being ◽

Time And Space ◽

Temporal Dimension

This chapter demonstrates that the Sabbath was conceived to be the paradigmatic state of sacred time; it was understood to be a fundamental pillar of the religious life. It focuses on three prominent representations of hasidic thought—R. Ẓadoq ha-Kohen of Lublin (1823–1900), R. Yehudah Aryeh Leib of Ger (1847–1905), and R. Shalom Noaḥ Barzofsky (1911–2000). Through the Sefat ʾEmet, it shows a conception of Shabbat as a temporal dimension that inherently facilitates human access to the sacred; a realm in time that is timeless, that transcends all earthly time and space. Finally, in S. N. Barzofsky’s Netivot Shalom, Shabbat is presented as the means by which the Jew is liberated from the harsh realities of physical life; the holy day is the conduit for the climactic state of devequt between human being and Divinity.

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Nalar dan Iman dalam Kehidupan Beragama: Dikotomi atau Harmoni

Kurios ◽

10.30995/kur.v6i1.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Edison R. L. Tinambunan

Keyword(s):

Religious Life ◽

Human Being ◽

Human Beings ◽

Literature Study ◽

Religious People ◽

Reason And Faith

Reason is the nature of human beings and those who are religious also have faith. Therefore, believers have two fundamental basics in their life: reason and faith. In the reality, some people believe that reason and faith are two separate contradictory entities that form dichotomy or dualism. This article discusses the existence of reason in human being and its relationship with faith in religious people in accordance with the ancient and modern writings. The method used in this research is source methodology which is combined with a literature study to achieve the purpose of the research which is to show how reason deepens and enlightens the faith. The result of this research shows that reason and faith are harmonious and supportive of each other in the practice of religious life; they do not create dichotomy or dualism but harmony. Abstrak Nalar adalah salah satu kodrat manusia dan mereka yang beragama juga memiliki iman. Oleh sebab itu umat beriman memiliki dua hal mendasar di dalam dirinya, yaitu nalar dan iman. Dalam kenyataan tidak jarang dalam kehidupan beragama seakan memiliki dualisme antara nalar dan iman, seakan yang satu mengganggu yang lain, dan menjadikan keduanya dikotomi atau dualisme. Tulisan ini akan membahas keberadaan nalar di dalam manusia dan kemudian nalar dan iman di dalam diri umat beragama yang didasarkan pada tulisan penulis kuno dan modern. Untuk penelitian seperti ini metode yang paling baik diaplikasikan adalah metodologi sumber yang dikombinasikan dengan pustaka untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yaitu penentuan sikap dalam kehidupan beragama melalui nalar yang memberikan pendalaman dan pencerahan pada iman. Penelitian ini akan menyimpulkan keharmonisan dan saling mendukung antara nalar dan iman di dalam hidup beragama, bukan suatu dikotomi atau dualisme

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