scholarly journals De grønlandske kvindeorganisationers rolle i den politiske udviklingsproces – set i et postkolonialt perspektiv

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Kirsten Bransholm Pedersen ◽  
Najaaraq Paniula
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Gender Constructions ◽  
Gender Images ◽  
Hunting Culture

Mange af de kvinder, der tog aktiv del i det kvindeorganisatoriske arbejde fra Nyordningen i 1950 og frem til Hjemmestyrets indførelse i 1979, sidder i dag på indflydelsesrige poster i Grønland, og har på forskellig måde været med til at præge den politiske og erhvervsmæssige udvikling. I dag synes det kvindeorganisatoriske arbejde at køre med noget lavere profil og er i høj grad koncentreret omkring bevarelse og videregivelse af de traditionelle kvinde-kvalifikationer i fangerkulturen. Kønsdiskussionen er delvist forstummet, selvom der er en række presserende problemer: Vold mod kvinder, kvinder tjener i gennemsnit en tredjedel mindre end mændene (Grønlands Statistik 2014), den sociale og økonomiske ulighed imellem kvinder er voksende. Artiklen samler op på de erfaringer og de styrkepositioner, kvinderne historisk har erhvervet sig i det kvinde-organisatoriske arbejde, og kommer ud fra et køns- og postkolonialt perspektiv, med nogle bud på, hvorfor kvindespørgsmålet og kvindeorganisering ikke står så højt på dagsordenen længere. I artiklen forfølges en forforståelse af, at der med den danske kolonialisering af Grønland igangsattes en moderniserings- og patriarkaliseringsproces, som gradvist skabte en radikal ny social organisering af samfundet, både på struktur- og hverdagslivsniveau, som ikke blot forandrede de sociale relationer imellem kønnene og imellem kvinder (og mænd) indbyrdes, men også fik naturaliseret den vestlige (patriarkalske) kønsdiskurs i en sådan grad, at mulige potentialer i en prækolonial kønsforståelse blev usynlige i den grønlandske udviklingsproces. Vi konkluderer, at der i det postkoloniale feministiske tankeunivers findes potentialer til igen at italesætte kønsrelationerne i Grønland og kommer med bud på, hvorledes indsigt i de præ- og postkoloniale grønlandske kønskonstruktioner kan bidrage til skabelse af nye fremtidsbilleder. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Kirsten Bransholm Pedersen and Najaaraq Paniula: The Role of the Greenlandic Women’s Organization in the Process of Political Development – From a Post-Colonial Perspective Today, many of the Greenlandic women who took an active part in the women’s movement from 1950, when it was new, until the introduction of Home Rule in 1979, occupy influential positions in Greenland. They have, in various ways, influenced political developments within the country. Today the women’s movement is running but has a somewhat lower profile, and is largely concentrated on the preservation of the traditional female skills in the former hunting culture. The gender discussion is partially silenced, although there are a number of urgent problems: violence against women, women earn on average a third less than men (Statistics Greenland 2014), and the social and economic inequality between women is growing. Employing a gender and postcolonial perspective, this article provides an overview of the experience and strengths women historically have gained through their participation in the women’s movement. Furthermore it puts forward some suggestions as to why women’s issues and women’s organization is almost absent on today’s agenda. The article is based on the preconception that the Danish colonization of Greenland initiated a process of modernization and patriarchalization which gradually created a radical new structural and social organization of society. The process not only changed the social relations between the sexes and among women (and men), but also got naturalized Western (patriarchal) gender discourse to such an extent that the potentials that could be found in a pre-colonial understanding of the relation between women and men became invisible in the Greenlandic development process. We conclude that the postcolonial feminist theories have the potential to re-articulate the discussion on gender in Greenland, and make suggestions concerning how insight into the pre- and post-colonial Greenlandic gender constructions can contribute to the creation of new possible gender images. Keywords: Greenland, women’s movement, post-colonial feminist theories, ”genderlessness”.

Social and Economic Factors of Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ershov ◽  
Natalia Muhina ◽  
Igor Asmarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material State

Russian statehood has more than a thousand-year history and traditions. It is obvious that the social, economic, and political development of the country had its direct or indirect influence on the Russian state and statehood itself. Therefore, in this chapter we separately single out the social factors of the development of Russian statehood and the economic factors of the development of Russian statehood, which stand apart from each other. Social factors in the development of Russian statehood are factors in the development of society as a single and complex organism and its social institutions. Social factors are, in essence, domestic political, because they represent the political and spiritual state of the elite and the people, the established system of social relations, internal social contradictions, and social conflicts. The economic factors of the development of Russian statehood are divided into external and internal ones. External economic factors are the proximity or remoteness from the trade routes, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the country's exports and imports. Internal economic factors are the achieved material state of society, the availability of natural resources and their involvement in the economy, the availability of transport and production infrastructure and its development, and economic crises.

Imagining Selves and Inventing Festival Sriwijaya

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
New Order ◽  
Cultural Discontinuity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
History Of

Clifford Geertz, in his discussion of the social history of an East Central Javanese town, described how rural migrants attempted to make sense of modern elections and political factions by applying old systems of meanings. As people adjusted to the evolving social conditions of new urban contexts, new knowledge supposedly emerged to order social relations. Yet he observed that in the 1950s this rarely was the case; usually a sense of vagueness and incoherence persisted. Similarly, Geertz's analysis of a Javanese funeral concluded that the ritual “failed” and consequently tensions persisted and intensified as a result of societal and cultural discontinuity; the social and the cultural were moving in opposite directions. Old cultural notions did not tend to give way to new notions more adept at effecting social solidarity. The contest over whose voice, whose sense of self and image of post-colonial Indonesia would prevail eventually culminated in the bloodbath of 1965–66, which marked the abrupt end of the Old Order and the birth of the Suhartoled New Order regime.

scholarly journals Queering Genocide as a Performance of Heterosexuality

2021 ◽  
pp. 030582982110333
Author(s):  
Patrick Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Performance

Genocidal violence centrally targets the social bonds that hold communities together. In postcolonial contexts, it is well documented that social relations can be characterised by heteronormativity. Furthermore, postcolonial scholars have done extensive work on demonstrating the link between colonialism and genocidal violence. Responding to a gap in the academic literature, this article interrogates the relationship between (post)colonial heterosexuality and genocide. Seeing queer theory as also relevant to the study of non-queer individuals’ experiences, this article argues that postcolonial genocidal violence can be characterised by attempts to impede heterosexual group reproduction. Using the Rohingya Genocide in Myanmar as an illustrative case-study, it argues that the emergence, character and legitimisation of violence here depended on the construction of heteronormative subject-positions. Furthermore, it argues that genocidal violence reinforces the subject-positions it is rooted in, giving them the appearance of immutable facts. From this basis, the article concludes that postcolonial genocidal violence can be read as a performance of heterosexuality.

The SRM Approach to Family Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Effects

Abstract. In family systems, it is possible for one to put oneself at risk by eliciting aversive, high-risk behaviors from others ( Cook, Kenny, & Goldstein, 1991 ). Consequently, it is desirable that family assessments should clarify the direction of effects when evaluating family dynamics. In this paper a new method of family assessment will be presented that identifies bidirectional influence processes in family relationships. Based on the Social Relations Model (SRM: Kenny & La Voie, 1984 ), the SRM Family Assessment provides information about the give and take of family dynamics at three levels of analysis: group, individual, and dyad. The method will be briefly illustrated by the assessment of a family from the PIER Program, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent the onset of psychosis in high-risk young people.

Different versus Equal: The 1920s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Woloch
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Equal Rights Amendment ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Woman's Party ◽  
Women's Politics

This chapter revisits Adkins and considers the feud over protective laws that arose in the women's movement in the 1920s. The clash between friends and foes of the Equal Rights Amendment—and over the protective laws for women workers that it would surely invalidate—fueled women's politics in the 1920s. Both sides claimed precedent-setting accomplishments. In 1923, the National Woman's Party proposed the historic ERA, which incurred conflict that lasted for decades. The social feminist contingent—larger and more powerful—gained favor briefly among congressional lawmakers, expanded the number and strength of state laws, saw the minimum wage gain a foothold, and promoted protection through the federal Women's Bureau. Neither faction, however, achieved the advances it sought. Instead, a fight between factions underscored competing contentions about single-sex protective laws and their effect on women workers.

A estranha objetividade do valor: trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
The One

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document