POTENSI PRODUKSI BIOFUEL DARI BIOMASSA FITOPLANKTON LAUT SPESIES Chlorella  vulgaris, Dunaliella salina DAN Spirulina sp., YANG DITUMBUHKAN DALAM NUTRIEN UNGGUL “MSSIP” TERINDUKSI ION LOGAM Fe, Co, DAN Ni

Research about composition of superior nutrients, growth parameters, and best method to maximize production of biomass sea phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. has been performed. The nutrients was named as MSSIP which were consist of following compositions: urea fertilizer, Arschat-M nutrient, Fe:Co:Ni metal ions (6 : 3 : 9 : 6 : 3). Methods used were identification and analysis of sea phytoplankton. Determination of optimum growth condition, pure culture, and mass culture were using local raw materials-based engineered nutrients or MSSIP (M. Sjahrul-Syahruddin Kasim-Indah Raya-Paulina Taba). Determination of product density of sea phytoplankton biomass, analyses of carbohydrate content, and lipid biomass were done by using haemocytometer and microscope, Luff Schrol method, and soxhlet method (n-hexane as solvent), respectively. Morphology of phytoplankton was identified by using a digital camera microscope, SZ60/sZ60-61. Furthermore, to understand the effect of metal ions, Fe, Co, and Ni added into MSSIP nutrient, identification of nutrient before and after culturing process were done using XRF-Thermo-Fisher. The results showed that Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. were suitable as raw materials to produce biofuel. Those three phytoplankton contained 0,3095 g/L, 0,3782 g/L, and 0,3325 g/L biomass, 32,49%w/w, 31,58%w/w, and 29,81%w/w carbohydrates; and 25,95%w/w, 26,82%w/w and 24,53%w/w lipid, respectively. Best optimum condition of culture were salinity of 30-35%, temperature of 20-30 °C, pH of 8-9, initial density of 2.5 x 104 cell/mL, light exposure of 40 watt, and continuously aerated with CO2. Based on our study, sea phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. have a high potency as source of bioethanol and biodiesel.Keywords: mass culture, superior nutrient MSSIP, sea phytoplankton biomass, Fe, Co, Ni metal ions

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THE FORMULATION OF DRY CURCUMA (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY WET MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.22608 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Samran Samran ◽

Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽

Dalimunthe Dalimunthe

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Compressibility Index ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

Objective: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. was used as hereditary medicinal plant for prevention of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disease, fever, and hemorrhoid. Curcuma extract was easy to damage because the light exposure, change of pH, weather and a long period of storage time. The problem can be solved by coating the extract with spray wet microencapsulation (SWM) technique. SWM technique is a method of preparing microcapsules in which a solution, suspension, or emulsion with a charged matrix is sprayed into opposing solution. The aim of this research was to formulate the dry Curcuma extract with SWM technique using sodium alginate as matrix.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) was a main resource of alginate acid. It was isolated using HCl 5% to make alginate acid and sodium alginate that was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The microencapsulation process of Curcuma extract was done by SWM technique. The formula of Curcuma extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas: F1, F2, and F3. Microcapsules of Curcuma extract were being characterized for color intensity, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressibility index, flowing time, and determination of angle repose.Results: The results showed that the higher concentration of sodium alginate used, the dry Curcuma extract microcapsules produced better. Particle size of extract microcapsules of Curcuma extract microcapsules SEM from F1, F2, F3 was 20 μm whereas dry weight of extracted microcapsule of Curcuma grows with increasing concentration of sodium alginate: F1 (0.2%) 19.86±0.11 g, F2 (0.4%) 20.66±0.73, F3 (0.6%) 21.29±0.64. The flowing time of F1, F2, and F3 was 6.92±0.56, 7.42±0.50, and 8.05±0.54 s consecutively.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the study result, it can be concluded that the raw materials of Curcuma extract can be made by SWM technique using sodium alginate isolated from brown algae, and the characterization of dry Curcuma extract microcapsule of the three formulas met the requirements of the pre-formulation tests for capsule dosage form.

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TASA DE CRECIMIENTO SIMPLE (TCS) DEL ROTÍFERO Brachionus calyciflorus CON DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ALIMENTO

Revista Investigación Pecuaria ◽

10.22267/revip.1851.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Marco A. Imués-Figueroa ◽

Gustavo A. Torres-Valencia ◽

Wilmer R. Sanguino-Ortiz ◽

Frank Chapman

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Mass Culture ◽

Block Design ◽

Initial Density ◽

Brachionus Calyciflorus ◽

Live Food ◽

Simple Growth ◽

Rotifer Brachionus Calyciflorus

Brachionus calyciflorus es un rotífero de agua dulce que ha cobrado gran importancia en la alimentación de algunos peces en la etapa de larvicultura, una fase crítica en la cual ha demostrado ser un excelente alimento vivo, procurando una solución para la acuicultura; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre técnicas para su cultivo en masa. El presente estudio pretende determinar el efecto de diferentes dietas consistentes en microalga Chlorella vulgaris (T1), levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T2) y microalgas mas levadura (T3), sobre la tasa de crecimiento simple (TCS) de este rotífero cultivado en laboratorio. Para ello se realizó dos experimentos; uno a temperatura baja (22,67±0,57°C) y otro a temperatura alta (28,4±1,03°C), distribuidos en un diseño en bloques completos al azar, con sub-muestreo, y tres réplicas por tratamiento, los cuales fueron desarrollados en el Laboratorio de Alimento Vivo de la Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia. La densidad inicial en el Experimento 1 fue de 3,67±0,4 rot.ml-1 y de 18,89±2,47 rot.ml-1 en el Experimento 2, cuyas diferencias no fueron significativas (p>0,05). La TCS mostró diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre experimentos, siendo mayor en el Experimento 2, con promedio de crecimiento poblacional superior en el T2 (18,48±7,97%) y en el T3 (67,11±10,01%), diferencias que no fueron significativas en el T1. El comportamiento de la temperatura y el pH del agua no mostraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) y permanecieron estables a lo largo del periodo experimental. Esto permite concluir que la TCS fue mayor cuando se alimentó con algas+levadura, a temperatura media de 28°C,cuyo crecimiento es sostenido hasta el quinto día, especialmente cuando se inició con bajas densidades, por lo que se recomienda realizar cosecha dentro del período de mayor crecimiento, cuando seguramente se tendrá mayor población.Palabras clave: larvas de peces, acuicultura, zooplancton, rotífera SIMPLE GROWTH RATE (SGR) OF THE ROTIFER Brachionus calyciflorus WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF FOODABSTRACTBrachionus calyciflorus is a freshwater rotifer that has gained great importance in the feeding of some fish in the stage of larviculture, a critical phase in which it has proved to be an excellent live food, looking for a solution for aquaculture; however, there are few studies on techniques for mass culture. The present study aims to determine the effect of different diets consisting of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (T1), yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T2) and microalgae+yeast (T3), on the simple growth rate (SGR) of this rotifer cultured in laboratory. Two experiments were carried out; one at low temperature (22.67±0.57°C) and other one at high temperature (28.4±1.03°C), distributed in a randomized complete block design, with sub-sampling, and three replicates per treatment, which were developed at the Live Food Laboratory of the University of Nariño, Pasto, Colombia. The initial density in Experiment 1 was 3.67 ± 0.4 rot.ml-1 and 18.89 ± 2.47 rot.ml-1 in Experiment 2, whose differences were not significant (p> 0, 05). The SGR showed significant differences (p <0.05) between experiments, being higher in Experiment 2, with an average of higher population growth in T2 (18.48 ± 7.97%) and in T3 (67.11 ± 10.01%), differences that were not significant in T1. The behavior of water temperature and pH did not show significant differences (p>0.05) and remained stable throughout the experimental period. This leads to the conclusion that SGR was higher when fed with algae + yeast, at an average temperature of 28°C,whose growth is sustained up to the fifth day, especially when it started with low densities, so it is recommended to harvest within the period of greatest growth, when there will probably be a larger population.

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