scholarly journals THE FORMULATION OF DRY CURCUMA (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY WET MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Samran Samran ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

 Objective: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. was used as hereditary medicinal plant for prevention of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disease, fever, and hemorrhoid. Curcuma extract was easy to damage because the light exposure, change of pH, weather and a long period of storage time. The problem can be solved by coating the extract with spray wet microencapsulation (SWM) technique. SWM technique is a method of preparing microcapsules in which a solution, suspension, or emulsion with a charged matrix is sprayed into opposing solution. The aim of this research was to formulate the dry Curcuma extract with SWM technique using sodium alginate as matrix.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) was a main resource of alginate acid. It was isolated using HCl 5% to make alginate acid and sodium alginate that was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The microencapsulation process of Curcuma extract was done by SWM technique. The formula of Curcuma extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas: F1, F2, and F3. Microcapsules of Curcuma extract were being characterized for color intensity, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressibility index, flowing time, and determination of angle repose.Results: The results showed that the higher concentration of sodium alginate used, the dry Curcuma extract microcapsules produced better. Particle size of extract microcapsules of Curcuma extract microcapsules SEM from F1, F2, F3 was 20 μm whereas dry weight of extracted microcapsule of Curcuma grows with increasing concentration of sodium alginate: F1 (0.2%) 19.86±0.11 g, F2 (0.4%) 20.66±0.73, F3 (0.6%) 21.29±0.64. The flowing time of F1, F2, and F3 was 6.92±0.56, 7.42±0.50, and 8.05±0.54 s consecutively.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the study result, it can be concluded that the raw materials of Curcuma extract can be made by SWM technique using sodium alginate isolated from brown algae, and the characterization of dry Curcuma extract microcapsule of the three formulas met the requirements of the pre-formulation tests for capsule dosage form.

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

Fischerella sp. biomass measurement by using graphite electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
José Martín Márquez-Villa ◽  
Juan Carlos Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Sierra
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Electrical Admittance ◽  
Physical Quantities

For several decades, the electrical admittance has been very useful for the determination of physical quantities, such as the characterization of some electrical properties of interest in organic samples. In this work, an electrical system based on graphite electrodes to determine the amount of living biomass of the cyanobacteria Fischerella sp. is proposed. Cyanobacteria are phototrophic microorganisms with applications on bioremediation, pharmaceutics, medicine, among others. The strain was characterized in BG-11 medium and cultured at different biomass concentrations. Samples were evaluated by electrical admittance and contrasted by the technique of dry weight in order to correlate the results registered by the/a proposal electric circuit. Scanning frequencies from admittance went in an order from 10 Hz to 1 000 000 Hz. Also, they showed a reproducibility, getting deviations of 6.45 × 10-5. This electrical system can be used to evaluate Fischerella sp. living biomass concentrations with high reliability.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound for pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water} are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching for the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Pomace of Siberian Beet and Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kozhemayko ◽  
Irina Sergeeva ◽  
Irina Dolgolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Industrial Processing

Introduction. With the development of the food and processing industry, the matter of environmental pollution is becoming more and more acute. Environmental protection is based on the principle of rational use of natural resources and sustainable technology. Vegetable pomace is a secondary raw material; its amount depends on the production technology and equipment. The observed positive trend in the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground can increase the number of vegetable processing enterprises and the capacity of existing enterprises. Eventually, waste will start accumulating at processing sites, and it will have to be used as raw materials. The present paper features the content of biologically active substances in pomace of carrots and beets grown on the territory of the Siberian region and introduces options for their further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The research featured carrot pomace of the varieties Losinoostrovskaya, Nantskaya, and Queen of Autumn, as well as beet pomace of varieties Cylinder and Bordeaux. All the samples were harvested in the Kemerovo region in 2019. Determination of physical and chemical parameters was carried out using standard methods. Carotenoids, flavonoids, β-cyanine were studied using spectrometry and photocolorimetric method. Results and discussion. The experiment featured the content of bioactive substances in pomace of carrots and beets obtained during industrial processing. The content of carotenoids in carrots (mg of β-carotene per 100 g of dry weight): for Losinoostrovskaya variety – 23.56 ± 0.23; Nantskaya – 25.32 ± 0.18; Queen of Autumn – 20.78 ± 0.25. Flavonoid content (mg of catechol equivalent per 100 g of dry weight): Losinoostrovskaya – 12.02 ± 0.37; Nantskaya – 13.45 ± 0.56; Queen of Autumn – 11.50 ± 0.48. The content of β-cyanine in beets (mg per 100 g of dry weight): Cylinder – 100.0 ± 8.5; Bordeaux – 35.0 ± 1.8. The nutritional value of carrot and beet pomace with a mass fraction of moisture was 10%. The nutritional value of vegetable pomace is due to the high content of dietary fiber; therefore, the raw materials can be considered for functional food production. The content of biologically active substances in vegetable pomace (flavonoids, carotenoids, β-cyanines) can enhance the functional orientation of this secondary raw material when used in food technologies for the production of food of high nutritional value. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to use the biochemical potential of plant raw materials in many aspects, as well as to obtain new functional food products, thereby expanding the range of healthy foods.

scholarly journals Quantifying Mineral Liberation – A Conventional and New Automatic Sophisticated Techniques Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf TOMANEC ◽  
Marina BLAGOJEV
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Concentration Process ◽  
Mineral Liberation ◽  
Planimetric Measurements

The characterization of textural properties of minerals is closely related to the process of their respective liberation. Measurements ofmineral liberation, related to grinded ore, can be performed using optical ore microscope, by conventional, classical methods – pointcounting, linear intercepts method or planimetric measurements method (2D). Modern automatic devices and sophisticated measurement techniques (QEMSCAN/MLA) imply recording free surfaces area of mineral grains on polished sections samples in orderto determine mineral degree of liberation. Value of mineral liberation obtained over free surfaces area can be of interest to flotationconcentration, although not for gravity separation or, for example, magnetic separation. The prediction accuracy for behavior of onefeed ore during the concentration process depends on the method of measuring/recording mineral liberation. Considering raw materials with complex textural characteristics it is crucial which method will be applied for determination of mineral liberation respectingwhether for concentration process is crucial physical or chemical method.

scholarly journals Development of Basic Technology for Obtaining Sodium Alginate from Brown Algae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Sokolan ◽  
Lyudmila Kuranova ◽  
Nikolay Voron’ko ◽  
Vladimir Grokhovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fourier Method ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
A Value ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Alginic Acids

The possibility of making sodium alginate from a by-product (fucus semi-finished product), obtained by producing an extract from brown algae of the Fucus family – fucus bubbly (F.vesiculosus), has been studied. It has been found that up to 80% of the alginic acids contained in the feedstock remain in the fucus semi-finished product, which can also be isolated and used. The principal technology of sodium alginate from the fucus semi-finished product is developed, consisting of the following main stages: preparation of raw materials, reduction, pretreatment, extraction of alginates, isolation of alginic acid, production of sodium alginate, drying. As a result of optimization of the technological scheme, it was possible to increase the yield and improve the quality of the product: the yield of sodium alginate was 4.5% (which is 20% higher than the original), the content of alginic acids increased by 7% and was 92% in terms of dry matter, kinematic the viscosity increased almost twofold - its value reached a value of 500 cSt. Investigations carried out by the Fourier method of IR spectroscopy on the Shimadzu IR Tracer-100 ( Japan) showed that the sodium alginate obtained from the fucus semi-finished by optimized technology is not inferior in quality to sodium alginate produced from laminaria (Sigma Aldrich (USA).) Sodium alginate, made from the fucus semi-finished product, can be used as one of the components of gelling fillings for the production of canned fish in jellies. A technological scheme for processing algae is proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytoavailable Copper in Compost-Peat Substrates and Determination of a Toxicity Level

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette S. Bucher ◽  
Manfred K. Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Substrate Ph

Heavy metal-sensitive `Express Orchid' petunias (Petunia ×hybrida Hort Vilm.-Andr. `Express Orchid') were grown in substrates of 2 green yard waste compost: 3 peat (v/v) with target Cu contents of 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 at varying pH. Iron supply was also varied. Copper contents of the substrate were determined by H2O, NH4NO3, NH4OAc, CaCl2, CaCl2-DTPA, and aqua regia extraction. Plant Cu concentration increased with increasing Cu supply and decreasing pH, indicating that Cu phytoavailability depended on substrate pH. Extraction of fresh substrates with CaCl2-DTPA provided a good prediction of plant Cu concentration and reflected well the influence of pH on Cu phytoavailability. The percentage of CaCl2-DTPA extractable Cu increased with decreasing pH. Extractions of Cu with NH4NO3, H2O, NH4OAc, and CaCl2 resulted in very low extractable amounts and hence were not suitable. Plants showed Cu toxicity induced iron-like deficiency chlorosis, which was alleviated by additional Fe supply. This Fe supply did not seem to affect total Fe concentration of petunias, but reduced Cu concentration of the shoots. Since yield reduction was not observed, the occurrence of chlorosis during the culture period was chosen as the toxicity parameter, resulting in a Cu threshold toxicity level of 12.3 mg.kg-1 plant dry weight. From this, a threshold toxicity level for CaCl2-DTPA extractable Cu in compost-peat substrates of 3 mg.L-1 substrate was determined. Chemical name used: diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA).

scholarly journals An Integrated Analytical Approach to Define the Compositional and Textural Features of Mortars Used in the Underwater Archaeological Site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Silvestro Ruffolo ◽  
Marco Aquino ◽  
Barbara Davidde Petriaggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Complementary Techniques

This paper aims to carry out an archaeometric characterization of mortar samples taken from an underwater environment. The fishpond of the archaeological site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy) was chosen as a pilot site for experimentation. The masonry structures reached the maximum thickness at the apex of the fishpond (4.70 m) and consisted of a concrete conglomerate composed of slightly rough stones of medium size bound with non-hydraulic mortar. After sampling, for a complete characterization of selected mortar fragments, different and complementary techniques (stereomicroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis) were carried out in order to: a) define the minero-petrographic features; and b) investigate their state of conservation. The obtained data allowed the determination of the main constituents of mortars from a compositional point of view. The raw materials, in fact, were quite homogeneous, as well as the ratio in which they were mixed, confirming the typical "recipe" used in Roman times to manufacture hydraulic-type mortars by adding pozzolana. At the same time, it was possible to identify the various degradation processes we were interested in, namely, biological colonization (bio-fouling) that develops differently according to environmental conditions. Based on characterization phase results, the research will help to develop adequate techniques for intervention (innovative tools and methods for the protection of underwater cultural heritage) with particular regard to cleaning and consolidating procedures to be carried out directly in situ.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound far pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water) are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching far the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution. A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

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