scholarly journals Corporate contestability and corporate expropriation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Zulkafli ◽  
Ahmad Husni Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Controlling Shareholder ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Controlling Shareholders ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Large Shareholders ◽  
And Control

This paper presents evidence on the role of ownership in dealing with corporate expropriation of listed companies in Malaysia. From the perspective of expropriation, a single controlling shareholder is always associated with such behavior due to their power and control at the expense of minority shareholder. However, subsequent individual or coalition of large shareholders can be an important corporate governance tool by providing effective monitoring that would lessen the possibility of expropriation by the controlling shareholder. Relating to that, this study evaluates the role of controlling and large shareholders in dealing with corporate expropriation. It is found that there is a negative relationship between single controlling shareholders and dividend payout ratio indicating that firms with only controlling shareholder will pay a lower dividend due to possible expropriation through profit diversion by controlling shareholder. Using Herfindahl Index as a proxy for ownership contestability, the presence of large shareholders along with controlling shareholder has a positive relationship with dividend payout implying that increased contestability helps to curb the power of controlling shareholder to expropriate fund for their own benefit. In accordance with agency theory, the outcome suggests that large shareholders play a monitoring role in minimizing the Type II agency problem. It is also verifying the argument made based on the Catering Theory of Dividend that the presence of large shareholder brings benefit to all shareholders as they are able to reduce profit diversion by demanding for higher dividend.

scholarly journals Frontline Responses to Domestic Abuse in Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-256
Author(s):  
Ruth Friskney ◽  
Oona Brooks-Hay ◽  
Michele Burman
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Agency Risk ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
And Control

Scotland's progress in tackling domestic abuse is recognised for the gendered analysis which underpins it. This gendered analysis recognises structural gender inequalities as the context in which domestic abuse occurs, enabling more effective targeting of resources for prevention and response. The Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Act 2018, described as a 'gold standard' in legislation to tackle domestic abuse, draws on the gendered concept of coercive control. The Act seeks to recognise in law the nature of domestic abuse not as isolated incidents but rather as an ongoing exercise of power and control by the perpetrator, using various tactics. In this chapter, we describe what is known about domestic abuse in Scotland, the strengths and weaknesses of different data sources in capturing the gendered nature of domestic abuse and the reality of how victim-survivors experience it. We consider the multi-agency structures, in particular Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences and Multi-Agency Tasking and Coordinating groups, which support Scotland's partnership approach in the front-line response to domestic abuse, recognising the crucial role of feminist third sector agencies alongside statutory agencies such as police, health, social work, and housing.

scholarly journals Roles of gene transcription and PKA subtype activation in maturation of murine oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Rodriguez ◽  
RM Petters ◽  
AE Crosier ◽  
CE Farin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alpha Amanitin

The aims of this study were to examine the role of transcription and the coincident involvement of type I and type II protein kinase A (PKA) in the resumption of meiosis in murine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) using the transcriptional inhibitors 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) and alpha-amanitin. The first series of experiments was designed to: (i) characterize the role of transcription in gonadotrophin-mediated and spontaneous maturation of murine oocytes; (ii) examine the roles of specific gonadotrophins (FSH versus hCG) and cumulus cells in transcriptionally mediated oocyte maturation; and (iii) determine the reversibility of the transcriptional arrest of meiosis. In the presence of FSH, transcriptional inhibitors arrested germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (DRB: 2 +/- 2% and control: 76 +/- 2%; alpha-amanitin: 4 +/- 4% and control: 70 +/- 4%). Furthermore, cumulus cells were required for transcriptional inhibitors to arrest GVBD (DRB with cumulus cells: 0 +/- 15%; DRB without cumulus cells: 94 +/- 13%; alpha-amanitin with cumulus cells: 15 +/- 2%; alpha-amanitin without cumulus cells: 99 +/- 2%). Thus, in mice, FSH-mediated GVBD uses a transcriptional mechanism, which probably occurs within the cumulus cell compartment. In a second series of experiments, the role of transcription in mediating the resumption of meiosis after activation of either type I or type II PKA was examined. Activation of type I PKA in murine COCs resulted in an arrest of GVBD that was independent of a transcriptional event (with DRB: 7 +/- 9% GVBD; without DRB: 11 +/- 9% GVBD). In contrast, activation of type II PKA resulted in a resumption of meiosis, which required the occurrence of gene transcription (with DRB: 12 +/- 9% GVBD; without DRB: 80 +/- 9% GVBD). As FSH binding to cumulus cells activates the PKA second messenger system, our results indicate that, in cultured murine COCs, FSH binding to cumulus cells results in the activation of type II PKA, which, in turn, mediates a downstream transcriptional event required for the initiation of GVBD.

Madingley, Madding, Mad scenarios: an exercise in futurology

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
D Eskinazi
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Medical Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
Changing World

AbstractThe Madingley scenarios were created to suggest potential contrasting futures (around year 2020) that could develop from the same driving forces. Those contrasting futures are named ‘Trust their Guidance’ and ‘Find my Way’, respectively. Trust their Guidance depicts a world where institutions have succeeded in adapting to the changing world and have strengthened their power and control on nations. Find my Way depicts a world where empowered individuals have taken responsibility for optimising their own lives. The discussion of these scenarios raised a number of questions including the purpose and role of governments, differences between societies, fundamental vs superficial change and, applied to the area of homeopathy, the role and responsibility of the homeopathic community in shaping the future of this medical approach.

scholarly journals Duality of roles and corporate governance in Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themistokles Lazarides
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Organizational Stability ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
And Control

Duality of the role of President of the Board of Directors (BoD) and CEO has been regarded as a good practice of corporate governance. These two roles are the ones with the most power an authority within the corporation. The paper depicts the formulating factors of duality of roles in Greece. Literature has linked duality with performance, organizational stability, ownership concentration and balance of power and control within the firm. The paper, using a Probit regression analysis, examines whether these relationships are valid in Greece. Statistical – econometric analysis has shown that financial performance is not related with concentration of power and control. The same conclusion is can be drawn for ownership concentration. There is a trend of change but this trend hasn’t the same dynamic or driving factors as the ones that are reported by Kirkbride and Letza (2002) and Muth and Donaldson (1998). The hypothesis posed by Heracleous (2001) and Baliga, 6oyer and Rao (1996) are more likely to be true in the case of Greece. Overall, duality in Greece is affected by the historical development of the firm, its organizational scheme and even more by the balance of power and control within the firm.

The role of controlling shareholders in determining investments of intellectual capital among Taiwanese semiconductor companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsien Hsieh ◽  
Irene Wei Kiong Ting ◽  
Jawad Asif ◽  
Hanh Thi My Le
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Controlling Shareholders

Purpose Although intellectual capital (IC) has been proven to be value-added for companies, the drivers of IC performance remain an under-researched area. From the perspective of corporate governance, the purpose of this paper is to examine how controlling the ownership of shareholders would influence IC performance. Design/methodology/approach This study utilized value-added intellectual capital (VAICTM) and its subcomponents, namely human capital, structural capital and capital employed efficiencies, to proxy for IC performance and regression analyses to assess the association between controlling the ownership of shareholders and the IC performance of Taiwanese listed semiconductor firms for the years 2009–2017. Findings Results show that controlling the ownership of shareholders is nonlinearly related to IC performance. Specifically, controlling their ownership positively affects the level of IC performance up to an optimal point before it turns to be a negative relationship thereafter. Practical implications The results of this study can help policy makers and other stakeholders understand the role of controlling shareholders in determining IC performance. The findings of this study suggest a nonlinear relationship between controlling the ownership of shareholders and IC. Originality/value This study provides an extended perspective in studies related to the determinants of IC by considering the resources provided by controlling shareholders. The definitions of controlling interests and IC applied in this study are compared and aligned with those found in the International Financial Reporting Standard 10 – Consolidated Financial Statements and the International Integrated Reporting Council, respectively.

West Africa: The evolution of traditional institutions of power

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova ◽  
Sergey Kostelyanets
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
And Control

Histories of the countries of West Africa and their peoples are very diverse, yet in terms of political traditions, these states share more similarities than differences. Among the factors permitting us to make this claim is the viability of the institution of chieftaincy, i.e., the preservation by traditional leaders of power and influence on the economic and socio -political development of local communities, regions and even nations. The present paper is dedicated to the institution of chieftaincy in West Africa, particularly in Ghana, where this institution has significantly evolved over the past hundred years amid the struggle for survival, power and control over local resources. Existing research on this subject is primarily concerned with the role of African traditional institutions during the pre colonial and colonial periods. This paper attempts to fill this gap and consider the evolution of the institution of chieftaincy until the present time.

Stage 2: The Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Interoceptive Awareness: Effects of Resonance Breathing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau ◽  
Marsha Bates ◽  
Neel Muzumdar ◽  
Anthony Pawlak ◽  
Shahriar Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Afferent Signaling

Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses.This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n=67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured.The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants’ ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript.We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants’ heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.

The In-Laws

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-153
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Control Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinctive Role

This chapter examines power and control issues that emerge in the marriage as a result of the relationship between wives and their mothers-in-law, and how the husband, wife, and mother-in-law use control work in various types of power struggles. In an attempt to move beyond negative stereotypes, a more realistic interpretation of the origins and construction of in-law relationships in the sport marriage is analyzed, including the origins of a durable mother-son bond and its effect on the marital relationship. The chapter introduces the concept of subordination work, which allows for an insightful evaluation of how the wives manage their subordinate status as they try to preserve their marital relationship and avoid offending their mothers-in-law. Attention also is given to a distinctive role reversal initiated by some mothers-in-law, resulting in the mother taking on the surrogate role of wife in public life.

Family Mediation in Child Custody Cases and the Concealment of Domestic Violence

Affilia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Feresin ◽  
Natalina Folla ◽  
Simon Lapierre ◽  
Patrizia Romito
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Family Mediation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Parental Couple ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
And Control

While mediation is commonly used in custody negotiation, there is no consensus regarding its applicability in domestic violence cases. The aim of this qualitative study in Italy was to explore the role of family mediation in the management of child custody in cases involving domestic violence. Semistructured interviews were conducted with lawyers ( N = 5), social workers ( N = 15), and abused women who had separated from their children’s fathers ( N = 13). Legal documents were also analyzed. The results showed that violence against women and children had often been concealed during mediation, as the professionals involved had failed to detect domestic violence or had labeled it as conflicts. Moreover, the “parental couple” had been dissociated from the “marital couple,” and the responsibility for the abuse had been attributed to both parents. As a result, women and children had been blamed and had experienced secondary victimization, while the perpetrators’ patterns of power and control had continued. The results also revealed that those professionals had not known about and had not applied the Istanbul Convention, which provides guidelines to ensure women’s and children’s safety. Recommendations highlight the need to account for the complexity of domestic violence cases, to hold perpetrators responsible for the abuse, and to support the victims.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document