Stage 2: The Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Interoceptive Awareness: Effects of Resonance Breathing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau ◽  
Marsha Bates ◽  
Neel Muzumdar ◽  
Anthony Pawlak ◽  
Shahriar Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Afferent Signaling

Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses.This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n=67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured.The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants’ ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript.We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants’ heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.

The Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Interoceptive Awareness: Effects of Resonance Breathing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Afferent Signaling

Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses.This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n=67). Cardiac Interoceptive awareness was measured using the discrimination task. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured.The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants’ ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript.We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with HF HRV and BRS at baseline, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants’ heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We also put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.

An analysis of the relationships among engagement, agitated behavior, and affect in nursing home residents with dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield ◽  
Maha Dakheel-Ali ◽  
Barbara Jensen ◽  
Marcia S. Marx ◽  
Khin Thein
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Observational Measure ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Behavior Stream ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTBackground: Affect, behavior, and cognition can be considered as basic constructs that dictate human functioning, with intricate and bi-directional relationships among them. Prior to the present study, relationships among these constructs have not been systematically examined within the context of dementia.Methods: Sample 1 contained 185 nursing home residents with a diagnosis of dementia. Sample 2 contained 117 residents with dementia, all of whom manifested agitated behaviors. Outcome measures included stimulus engagement (assessed via the Observational Measure of Engagement), affect (measured using Lawton's Modified Behavior Stream), and agitation/problem behavior (recorded via the Agitated Behaviors Mapping Instrument). Real time direct observations were collected during both stimulus presentation and control conditions.Results: The relationship of engagement with positive affect, represented by the variables of interest and pleasure, were high and positive. No relationship emerged for engagement with negative affect or agitated behavior. A consistent positive relationship was found between agitated behavior and negative affect, and in Sample 2, a negative relationship between agitated behavior and both pleasure and interest.Conclusion: This is the first study to examine relationships among variables that are typically examined individually and, in doing so, has clarified the nomenclature used to describe the constructs of affect, engagement, and agitated behaviors in persons with dementia. The finding that the constructs of engagement, agitated behavior, and affect are multidimensional and that relationships among these constructs occur for some of the dimensions is important for the development of interventions and for clear communication in practice and research.

Proposing total quality management as a buffer between global software development challenges and project success

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Danial Hashmi ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Global Software Development ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate the relationship between different global software development (GSD) challenges (management, process, social, technical and environmental challenges) and software project success. Further, the study examines the moderating role of total quality management (TQM) between the relationship of GSD challenges and success of software projects.Design/methodology/approachUsing two field studies, the authors collected data form software developers working in globally distributed teams. In study 1 (n = 194), relationship of different dimensions of GSD challenges (management, process, social, technical and environmental challenges) and project success was examined. In study 2 (n = 138), moderating role of TQM was examined on the relationship of GSD challenges and project success.FindingsThe results of study 1 indicate that there is a negative relationship between all dimensions of GSD challenges and project success. Findings of study 2 confirmed that TQM practices moderate the negative relationship between GSD challenges and project success.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide guidelines to the project managers of software industry to mitigate GSD challenges using TQM practices.Originality/valueStudy adds in the literature of TQM, GSD challenges and project success by (1) empirically investigating the relationship between different GSD challenges and software project success and (2) by examining the moderating role of TQM practices on relationship of GSD challenges and project success in global software development industry.

scholarly journals Role of interoceptive accuracy in topographical changes in emotion-induced bodily sensations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0183211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Mo Jung ◽  
Yeonhee Ryu ◽  
Ye-Seul Lee ◽  
Christian Wallraven ◽  
Younbyoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

Perceived Physical Attractiveness and Sexual Esteem Among Male and Female Adult

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Sidrah Shaheen ◽  
Farwa Batool
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sexual Esteem ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study was designed to investigate the relationship of perceived physical attractiveness and sexual esteem among Pakistani women and men. Role of gender and marital status on the study variables was also explored. The sample consisted of 320 adults (130 men and 190 women) with age range of 18 to 35 years. Sample was taken from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire – Appearance Scale MBSRQ-AS (Cash, 2000) was used to measure perceived physical attractiveness. Sexual esteem was measured by the subscale of Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (Snell, 1998). The findings indicated that Appearance Evaluation, Appearance Orientation, and Body Area Satisfaction were positively correlated to sexual esteem, whereas overweight preoccupation was negatively correlated with sexual esteem. Gender differences on the variables indicated that appearance evaluation was higher among men as compared to females. The moderation analysis showed that the significant negative relationship between overweight preoccupation and sexual esteem in men only, whereas sexual esteem of women was not unaffected through all levels of overweight preoccupation. The study findings provided a better insight into the role played by perceived physical attractiveness and need of sexual esteem among both genders. Findings were discussed in cultural context. Further, implications of the study were considered and discussed.

scholarly journals Transferrin is a major determinant of hepcidin expression in hypotransferrinemic mice

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Bartnikas ◽  
Nancy C. Andrews ◽  
Mark D. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Hepcidin Expression ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractAs a central regulator of iron metabolism, hepcidin inhibits dietary iron absorption and macrophage iron recycling. Its expression is regulated by multiple factors including iron availability and erythropoietic activity. To investigate the role of transferrin (Tf) in the regulation of hepcidin expression by these factors in vivo, we employed the hypotransferrinemic (hpx) mouse. These Tf-deficient mice have severe microcytic anemia, tissue iron overload, and hepcidin deficiency. To determine the relationship of Tf levels and erythropoiesis to hepcidin expression, we subjected hpx mutant and control mice to a number of experimental manipulations. Treatment of hpx mice with Tf injections corrected their anemia and restored hepcidin expression. To investigate the effect of erythropoiesis on hepcidin expression, we suppressed erythropoiesis with blood transfusions or myeloablation with chemotherapeutic drugs. Transfusion of hpx animals with wild-type red blood cells led to increased hepcidin expression, while hepcidin expression in myeloablated hpx mice increased only if Tf was administered postablation. These results suggest that hepcidin expression in hpx mice is regulated both by Tf-restricted erythropoiesis and by Tf through a mechanism independent of its role in erythropoiesis.

Depression as a Moderator in the Relationship between Direction of Social Comparison and Self Esteem

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tallat ◽  
A. Kamal ◽  
S. Mccarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study explored the moderator role of depression in the relationship of self esteem and the direction of social comparison in the context of marital relationships among married couples. The relationship between the direction of social comparison and depression was also explored. The sample consisted of 100 married individuals (50 Married Couples) having diverse educational and occupational background and form all the three socio economic background. The sample was taken from different cities of Pakistan. The couples were requested to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Index of Self Esteem (ISE) along with another scale, Social Comparison in Marital Relationship Measure (SCMRM). SCMRM was developed by the researcher to explore the couples’ inclination of comparing their spouses with others around them on different dimension of marital relationship satisfaction. The standardized method was used for the development of SCMRM. The study provided evidence of significant negative relationship of depression with social comparison in marital relationship and with self esteem. The findings also supported the hypothesis that depression will play a role of moderator in the relationship between direction of social comparison in marital relationship and self esteem. Beck's (1967) cognitive model of depression suggested that depressives’ systematic bias against the self is reflected in their tendency to compare themselves with better off others. Thus our results confirm the cognitive depressive model which proposed that depressives engage in dysfunctional social comparison (upward).

scholarly journals Effort, Avolition, and Motivational Experience in Schizophrenia: Analysis of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Data With Relationships to Daily Motivational Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568
Author(s):  
Adam J. Culbreth ◽  
Erin K. Moran ◽  
Sri Kandala ◽  
Andrew Westbrook ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

Recent research suggests that schizophrenia is associated with reduced effort allocation. We examined the willingness to expend effort, neural correlates of effort allocation, and the relationship of effort to daily motivational experience in individuals with schizophrenia. We recruited 28 individuals with schizophrenia and 30 control participants to perform an effort task during functional MRI. Individuals with schizophrenia also completed a protocol involving ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Individuals with schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms were less willing to expend effort for rewards. Daily EMAs of motivation were positively associated with effort allocation on a trend level. Individuals with schizophrenia and control participants displayed similar increases in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in frontal, cingulate, parietal, and insular regions during effort-based decision making. However, negative symptoms were associated with reduced BOLD activation in the bilateral ventral striatum. These results replicate previous reports of reduced effort allocation in patients with severe negative symptoms and provide evidence for the role of the ventral striatum in effort impairments.

The mediating role of burnout on the relationship of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy with OCB and performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Cohen ◽  
Mohamed Abedallah
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This study aims to examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), self-efficacy and two outcome variables: in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study also examined whether burnout mediates this relationship. The target population included Arab teachers in Israel. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was performed. Usable questionnaires were returned by 221 teachers; therefore, the response rate was 88 per cent. Findings – Hierarchical linear models and mediation analyses showed that EI and self-efficacy are related to OCB, and in-role performance and burnout have a strong and negative relationship with the outcome variables. Mediation analysis using Preacher and Hayes’s (2004, 2008) approach showed that burnout mediates the relationship of EI and self-efficacy with the three outcome variables. Practical implications – The findings emphasize the role of the two personal variables examined here as important determinants of job performance and OCB, and demonstrate the importance of burnout in understanding OCB. Originality/value – This study will contribute to the literature on OCB and work performance by examining the rarely researched relationships between EI and self-efficacy, on the one hand, and between OCB and in-role performance, on the other. Further, this study will argue that burnout mediates the relationship between these personal and outcome variables.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Organizatioanal Commitment between Work Environment and Job Bunrout

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Nazim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research was not only to investigate the relationship between working environment (WE) and job burnout (JB), WE and organizational commitment (OC), WE and psychological capital PsychCap, OC and JB, PsychCap and JB but also to investigate the mediating effect of OC and PsychCap between the relationship of working environment and JB of doctors working in hospitals of KP, Pakistan. Data were collected from three hundred and thirty doctors. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between WE and JB, OC and JB, PsychCap and JB while positive relationship was found between WE and OC, WE and PsychCap. The results also explored that OC partially mediated the relationship between WE and JB. PsychCap also partially mediated the relationship between WE and JB. When both OC and PsychCap were included as mediators, the relationship between WE and JB became insignificant (full mediation).

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