scholarly journals The formulation of financial, governance and social index of Malaysian Islamic banks: An integrative approach.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Marsidi ◽  
Hairul Azlan Annuar ◽  
Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Governance ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Social Part

The study proposes and discusses the development of an index of Islamic Financial and Social Reporting (IFSR) for Islamic banks. The index of IFSR is carefully developed based on the relevant and applicable standards, guidelines and literature from an Islamic perspective such as the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB), Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and Islamic social reporting literature. The index is developed in three parts, namely, financial, social, and auditing and governance. The items within the finance section are developed to ensure that the Islamic banks disclose relevant financial information. The items for the social part aim to ensure that the Islamic banks provide the relevant information regarding social and environment. The items within the auditing and governance part are developed to ensure that the Islamic banks provide relevant information regarding the monitoring and supervising activities that the Islamic banks have undertaken. The IFSR index may be lacking in terms of its usage generalisability as it is specifically developed for IFIs. The developed index of IFSR aims to promote a more appropriate level of disclosure among the Islamic banks. The need for the index is motivated by the growing importance of Islamic banks, not only from the economic perspective but also from the social perspective.

scholarly journals Disclosures And Perceptions Of Practitioners On Items Of Financial And Social Reporting Index Developed For Malaysian Islamic Banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-578
Author(s):  
Asri Marsidi ◽  
Hairul Azlan Annuar ◽  
Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Examination Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Part

The study examines the views of accountants concerning the importance of items in the developed index for Islamic Financial and SocialReporting (IFSR)as well as measures and discusses the level of weighted IFSR for Islamic banks based on the IFSR index developed for Malaysian Islamic banks.The research uses the questionnaires and the annual reports to collect the relevant data with respect to the views of accountants and IFSR score of Islamic banks respectively. The findings suggest that the financial part, and the auditing and governance part in the index of IFSR are important and close to important, respectively, while the social part is viewed as fairly important. Moreover, the other finding reflects that the weighted IFSR for Islamic banks in Malaysia is considered as fair.The findings with respect to the level of weighted IFSR disclosure may not be generalised to the years prior and after the examination period. The research provides empirical insights on the importance of items in the IFSR index and the weighted level of IFSR practices among Malaysian Islamic banks.The paper highlights the importance of items in the IFSR index as well as IFSR disclosure in enhancing the accountability and sustainability of Islamic banks.

scholarly journals Financial Performance Mediation in the Influence of Islamic Corporate Governance Disclosure on the Islamic Social Reporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ichsan Setiyo Budi ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Falikhatun Falikhatun ◽  
Muthmainah Muthmainah ◽  
Ardi Gunardi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Report Data

The results of the research on the social role of Islamic banks show inconsistency both domestically and abroad; this is the basis for conducting this research to re-explain the Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) relationship, models. This study aims to examine the indirect effect of ICG disclosure on ISR disclosure with financial performance as a mediating variable in Islamic Banking in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data with annual report data sources and financial statements on Islamic banking in Indonesia. They are testing this study using stepwise regression analysis with data for the annual reporting period of 2011 through 2014. The result that financial performance mediates the effect of disclosure of ICG on ISR; this shows that proper management of Islamic banks will produce high financial performance so that they can carry out their social roles well too. The contribution of this study is to develop a new model of the part of financial performance mediating the effect of ICG disclosure on ISR so that it is beneficial for the development of science.

scholarly journals DETERMINAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH PERIODE 2014-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Kinanti Pradita Pangesti ◽  
Himawan Arif Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Islamic Bank

The increasing trend in the halal industry is one of the growth factors of sharia banking, but the increase in sharia banking growth is also accompanied by an increase in financing issued by sharia banks that can affect the financial performance of sharia banks. The high risk of financing and the weak fulfillment of the quality of Islamic bank human resources resulted in the performance of Islamic banks always below conventional banks. This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital, non-performance financing, Islamic social reporting and Islamic performance index on the financial performance of Islamic banking. The data was taken purposively from Islamic banking companies registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2014-2018 period. Multiple linear regression analysis has been used to analyze the data in this study. The results showed that Non-Permofance Financing (NPF) had a negative effect on the financial performance of Islamic Banks. Whereas Intellectual Capital as measured by Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), Islamic Social Reporting, and Islamicity Performance Index has no effect on Islamic bank finance. .

scholarly journals The Islamic Social Reporting Index and Investment Account Holder in Islamic Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Nadia Putri ◽  
Sepky Mardian
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social

This research aims to discover the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure based on the Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) index towards Investment Account Holder (IAH) in 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2013-2018. The dependent and independent variables comprise the growth of temporary Syirkah funds representing IAH and prior studies. This is an associative research with secondary data obtained from the annual report. Panel data regression was used as the analysis technique with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) chosen as the best estimation model. The result showed that the ISR index towards IAH negatively influences CSR disclosure. Furthermore, the dominant floating market customers in Indonesia tend to force Islamic banks to focus on reporting related returns, sharia-compliant transactions, and excellent service to customers rather than disclosing social factors. This trend also exists in Islamic banks in several countries, besides the absence of regulations and guidelines for social reporting standards. The social reporting guidelines issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) are only voluntary to be implemented by Islamic banks

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHARIA SUPERVISORY BOARD AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING AT ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Inten Meutia ◽  
Desi Aryani ◽  
Sari Mustika Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Business Units

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the size of the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS), the number of DPS meetings, DPS education, and duality in SSB positions on Islamic Social Reporting using the control variable of company size and profitability. The object of the study consisted of 13 Sharia Commercial Banks and 21 Sharia Business Units recorded in the Financial Services Authority in the 2015 2017 period. Content Analysis is used to identify themes and items in the bank's annual report. Multiple linear regression analysis is a method used in the data processing. This study proves the variable number of SSB meetings, duality in SSB positions, SSB size and profitability significantly influence ISR Islamic Social Reporting. Meanwhile, the variable number of SSB and SSB education was found to have no significant effect on Islamic Social Reporting.Key words : Sharia Supervisory Board, Islamic Bank, Islamic Social Reporting 

scholarly journals SHARIAH RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FOR ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 2010

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusni Hassan ◽  
Ahmad Azam Othman ◽  
Muhammad Naim Omar ◽  
Mohammad Deen Mohd. Napiah ◽  
Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Shariah Governance

Abstract: Shariah compliance is the backbone of Islamic banks. As an institution established within the ambit of Shariah, Islamic banks are expected to ensure that their aims, activities, operations and management adhere to the Shariah principles and values. Failure to comply with Shariah, will expose Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) to Shariah non-compliance risk. Subsequently, it is an essential duty of the IFIs to manage Shariah risk properly. In order to effectively manage the risk vulnerability of the IFIs, proper measures for risk management have been put in place in different frameworks that are either domestic or international based. In the Malaysian context, IFIs are guided by relevant regulations such as the Shariah Governance Framework 2010, IFSB principles and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 with regards to Shariah risk management. This research examined the regulatory requirements of the Shariah risk management process for Islamic financial institutions that operate in Malaysia, in the context of the Guidelines on Shariah Governance Framework 2010 issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia. The paper discusses the concept of “risk”, “Shariah risk” and “Shariah non-compliant risk” in the context of Islamic Financial Institutions and also examines the process adopted by the Malaysian IFIs in managing the Shariah risk. The hypotheses that the paper seeks to establish are that there are differences between the concept of Shariah risk and Shariah non-compliant risk; and that the Shariah risk management process adopted by the IFIs are different than the conventional risk management process due to the unique features and requirements of the IFIs.   Keywords: Shariah, Risk management, Islamic Financial Institutions.   Abstrak: Pematuhan Syariah adalah tulang belakang bank Islam. Sebagai sebuah institusiyang ditubuhkan dalam bidang Syariah, bank Islam dijangka memastikan bahawa matlamat, aktiviti, operasi dan pengurusan mereka mematuhi prinsip dan nilai Syariah. Kegagalan mematuhi Syariah, akan mendedahkan Institusi Kewangan Islam (IFIs) kepada risiko ketidakpatuhan Syariah. Selepas itu, adalah tanggungjawab penting IFI untuk menguruskan risiko Syariah dengan betul. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan risiko IFI secara berkesan, langkah-langkah yang sewajarnya untuk pengurusan risiko telah dilaksanakan dalam rangka kerja yang berbeza sama ada di dalam negeri atau antarabangsa. Dalam konteks Malaysia, IFI dipandu oleh peraturan yang berkaitan seperti Rangka Kerja Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010, prinsip IFSB dan Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam 2013 berkaitan dengan pengurusan risiko Syariah. Kajian ini mengkaji keperluan pengawalseliaan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah untuk institusi kewangan Islam yang beroperasi di Malaysia, dalam konteks Garis Panduan mengenai Rangka Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010 yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Negara Malaysia. Makalah ini membincangkan konsep “risiko”, “risiko Syariah” dan “risiko tidak patuh Syariah” dalam konteks Institusi Kewangan Islam dan juga mengkaji proses yang diterima pakai oleh IFI Malaysia dalam menguruskan risiko Syariah. Hipotesis ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbezaan antara konsep risiko Syariah dengan risiko tidak patuh Syariah; dan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah yang diterima pakai oleh IFIs adalah berbeza daripada proses pengurusan risiko konvensional disebabkan oleh ciri-ciri unik dan keperluan IFI.   Kata kunci: Syariah, Pengurusan risiko, Institusi Kewangan Islam.

Using social welfare concepts to guarantee Islamic banks’ deposits

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Mohammad Maali ◽  
Muhannad Ahmad Atmeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Risk Shifting ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of the social welfare concepts of Takaful and Tabarru’ (donations) as tools to guarantee deposits in the Islamic banking industry, and the effect of such practice on the concept of risk sharing in Islamic finance. Design/methodology/approach – The study critically analyzes the Mudaraba contract used by Islamic banks to mobilize funds, the use of Profit Equalization Reserves and Investment Risk Reserves, the use of other income smoothing techniques and the insurance of Islamic banks’ by regulatory agencies in some countries based on the Takaful and Tabarru’ concepts. Findings – This paper shows that Islamic banks are increasingly using the concepts of Takaful and Tabarru’, which are intended originally for social welfare, as tools to justify the move to more guaranteed-in-substance type of deposits, and hence, more risk shifting rather than risk sharing in the Mudaraba contract. This use, is argued, moves Islamic banking towards more market-oriented, but less Shariaa-compliant in substance. Research limitations/implications – This papers examined the behaviour of Islamic financial institutions and Islamic scholars based on the available literature. No empirical analysis was conducted. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about the substance of Islamic banking transactions and the risk shifting inherent in such transactions. Furthermore, it is the first study that examines the extent of utilizing different social welfare concepts to legalize – from Shariaa perspective – Islamic banking transactions.

Sharī‘ah risk and corporate governance of Islamic banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Ginena
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reputational Risk ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help directors, senior management, and stakeholders of Islamic banks understand sharī‘ah risk, a crucial consideration in the corporate governance of Islamic banks, and its impact on these banks. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper links dispersed insights drawn from the emerging body of sharī‘ah governance literature, and the guidance issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), and the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) with new insights to clarify the sharī‘ah risk that Islamic banks face. Findings – Sharī‘ah risk, an operational risk, poses a credible hazard to Islamic banks and their stakeholders. Possible consequences of sharī‘ah non-compliance include higher costs, financial losses, liquidity problems, bank runs, bank failure, industry smearing and financial instability. This study defines shariah risk, identifies credit, legal, compliance, market, and reputational risk that it may evoke, and categorizes its causes and events. Research limitations/implications – Future research could empirically test the ideas posited. In this paper claims were substantiated by logic and examples. Practical implications – The study devises an instrument for assessing sharī‘ah risk, and suggests measures for directors, senior management, and regulators to mitigate this risk. Originality/value – This is the first study to focus on the implications of sharī‘ah risk, delineate examples of events and incorporate them within the BCBS operational risk causes, and develop a tool for measuring sharī‘ah risk.

scholarly journals Shariah Disclosure Practices in Malaysian Islamic Banks using the Shariah Disclosure Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (SI) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraini Mohd Ariffin ◽  
Fatima Abdul Hamid ◽  
Nur Afiqah Md Amin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

Islamic banks are required to ensure their operations and activities comply with the Shariah principles. According to Islamic Financial Services Act (2013) in Malaysia, all operations and activities of Islamic financial institutions including Islamic banks have to comply with decisions made by the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and the Shariah Committee (SC) of the Islamic financial institution to ensure Shariah compliance. In practice, Shariah compliance is considered a crucial factor by bank stakeholders, especially Muslim customers in their decision to use Islamic financial products. Thus, one of the ways for Islamic banks to convey their Shariah-compliance to their stakeholders is through annual reports. This study examines the level of compliance on Shariah disclosure in the annual reports of Malaysian Islamic banks. A Shariah disclosure index, comprising mandatory and voluntary items, was developed from Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) guidelines and Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards. Shariah disclosure data were collected from the annual reports for the year 2016 of the 16 Islamic banks in Malaysia. Based on Institutional Theory, this study hypothesised high compliance, however the results revealed that none of the banks had full compliance to the mandatory items. Nevertheless, some of these banks disclosed voluntary items. The findings provide useful insights to the regulators and stakeholders on Islamic banks’ compliance on Shariah disclosure. The study also reveals the importance of disclosing additional items in the annual reports of Islamic banks.

Comparative compliance status of AAOIFI and IFSB standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hafij Ullah ◽  
Ruma Khanam ◽  
Tabassum Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

Purpose This paper aims to examine the compliance status of Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) Financial Accounting Standards-1 and Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) Standard-4 by Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL), recognizing the regulatory influence for complying with AAOIFI and IFSB standards and identifying the factors influencing the compliance with these standards. Design/methodology/approach The present study used content analysis approach for investigating the compliance status. The study considered IBBL as the only sample because it is the only Islamic bank in Bangladesh which is the member of both AAOIFI and IFSB. Hence, this paper investigated the compliance status of IBBL as a member of AAOIFI and IFSB. The study examined the annual reports of 2008-2012 as these were the latest and contemporary reports in 2013 when the study was conducted. SPSS software version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. A total of 203 items under 13 categories of AAOIFI standard and 133 items under 17 categories of IFSB standard were considered. Ordinary least squares was run to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings The study found that IBBL on an average complied 46.31 per cent of AAOIFI and 52.50 per cent of IFSB standards during the period, and importantly, IBBL did not comply some of the categories of required disclosures. The study also observed that size, as measured by total asset and number of branches, has a significant influence on compliance with IFSB standard, but not AAOIFI. The findings of the study depicted that IBBL did not reasonably recognize the importance of complying with AAOIFI and IFSB standards. Poor compliance or non-compliance with AAOIFI and IFSB accounting and reporting standards by IBBL exposed that the bank is not efficient in managing Shari`ah compliance risks, operational risks and transparent financial reporting. Therefore, recognition of the Shari`ah standards by the respective IFIs and a “regulatory push” is vital for improving the level of compliance with these standards. Research limitations/implications The study considered IBBL as the only sample of the study because it is the only Islamic bank in Bangladesh which holds the membership of both AAOIFI and IFSB. The fiscal years 2008-2012 only were selected to evaluate the compliance status of the AAOIFI and IFSB standards in preparation and presentation of the financial statements of IBBL for comparative analysis because IFSB standard for accounting and disclosure was formulated in 2007; hence, the study could not evaluate the compliance status before 2008. Practical implications The study will help IBBL in identifying their limitations in complying AAOIFI and IFSB standards and also the regulators in designing the accounting and reporting frameworks in regulating Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The study would help IBBL in identifying the reasons for non-compliance, how improvement in compliance level may help the bank in mitigating Shari`ah compliance and operational risk and how new legal and institutional framework may improve the level of compliance with those standards. Social implications The study observed that the AAOIFI and IFSB standards were set for increasing the level of Shari`ah compliance, but the compliance status showed that different classes of accounting and reporting were ignored from compliance by IBBL. This study will benefit the stakeholders in choosing a Shari`ah-compliant bank. Originality/value This is a unique study which considered both AAOIFI and IFSB accounting and reporting standards in evaluating the reporting compliance status of an Islamic bank and identified the influence of reporting compliance on managing Shari`ah compliance risks, operational risks and transparency. This study expects to instigate the Islamic banks in complying accounting and reporting standards for being Shari`ah-compliant.

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