Evaluation of the Examination Stress among the First Year MBBS Students in the Medical College

Background and Aim: The objectives were to determine the effect of examination stress explored by self-evaluation questionnaire, correlation of examination stress and impact of examination stress on the academic performance. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on medical students to determine the examination stress explored by anxiety questionnaire, biochemical parameter and autonomic function tests. Fifty medical students studying in first academic year admitted for the first year were included in the study. Information about demographic, social, cultural, and life-style factors were collected using a proforma of questionnaire. Name, age, sex and nativity were also recorded. Stress was explored during first terminal examination since it was the first major examination faced by the students after entering into the professional course. One parameter was used to measure the level of stress; Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self-evaluation questionnaire to measure the level of stress. Results: Anxiety levels dropped in post- examination period. In contrast abnormal autonomic functions did not decrease during post- examination period. In male and female students expected pattern of raised anxiety during examination and dropped anxiety scores in post- examination were observed. Conclusion: The results of this study should help understand the pattern of response to the examination stress and enable development of strategies that will assist the students to handle the stress in a more efficient manner.

Evaluation of E-exam during Covid-19

Electronic exam's' non-reliability is one of the most critical gaps in this type of exam, whereas any electronic exam is considered entirely unreliable. In addition to that, it is not protected and free from cheat. The continuous validation that the examinee is the one who solves the questions of the electronic exam permanently and continuously is the most crucial goal of this research. Many methods and procedures will be discussed, which will protect the validity of this type of exam. For example, one of these methods matches the student's fingerprint and takes random snapshots while taking the electronic exam in more than one format. In this research, it's proposed to use student handwriting during the electronic exams to built the value of validity. This way is considered one of the rare methods in the electronic exam. The research also tackles the process of reality for electronic exams through a fingerprint during the examination period. It takes random snapshots for the student without paying attention to him or appearing those pictures to the observer or correcting the exam. The difficulty of offering a safe and high-credibility exam and reducing the phenomenon of cheating requires excellent capabilities in some countries. It also needs prior arrangements and good preparation. It also needs to develop technological capabilities continuously in a high-cost material that may reduce the cheating rates in such a kind of exam.

Mother’s Knowledge and Husband’s Support to The Adaptation of Psychological Changes Primigravida Trimester I in PMB (Independent Practice Midwife) Cisalak Pasar, Cimanggis, Depok, 2020

In her life a woman will experience sensitive times that is when pregnancy is present, because at that time women will become vulnerable to the onset of physical and mental disorders. The support of the husband during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is indispensable. The purpose of this study is to know the influence of knowledge and support of husbands on the adaptation of psychological changes primigravida trimester I. The type of research used is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population used by all Trimester I pregnant women who conducted the examination period January - June 2020 in The Independent Practice of Midwives Cisalak Village Market District Cimanggis - Depok, using accidental sampling. The instrument used is quesionnaire. The results of the study there is an influence of knowledge on the adaptation of psychological changes Primigravida Trimester I pregnant women with p value = 0.001, and OR = 7,547 (2,402 – 23,708) and there is an influence of husband support on the adaptation of psychological changes primigravida Trimester I with p value = 0.000, and OR = 15,536 (3,114–77,519).

AGROBIOLOŠKA SVOJSTVA SORTE SEMIJON U OPLENAČKOM VINOGORJU

The paper presents the results of the study of some agrobiological properties of the Semijon variety in the conditions of the Oplenac vineyards. The vineyard was built in 2014 and is in the phase of growing yield. The planting distance is 2.5 x1.0 m. During the examination period, favorable meteorological conditions prevailed for the growth and development of the Semion variety.The test results indicate that in the Oplenac vineyards there are favorable agroecological conditions for growing the Semijon variety and achieving the characteristic quality of grapes and wine.

Rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in domestically acquired Campylobacter jejuni are increasing in people living within a model study location in Canada

Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from 1291 diarrheic people over a 15-year period (2004–2018) in southwestern Alberta, a model location in Canada with a high rate of campylobacteriosis. The prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, and gentamicin was low during the examination period (≤4.8%). Resistance to tetracycline remained consistently high (41.6%–65.1%), and resistance was primarily conferred by plasmid-borne tetO (96.2%). Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid increased substantially over the examination period, with a maximal fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) prevalence of 28.9% in 2016. The majority of C. jejuni isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin (93.9%) contained a C257T single nucleotide polymorphism within the gyrA chromosomal gene. Follow up with infected people indicated that the observed increase in FQR was primarily due to domestically acquired infections. Moreover, the majority of FQ-resistant C. jejuni subtypes (82.6%) were endemic in Canada, primarily linked to cattle and chicken reservoirs; 18.4% of FQ-resistant isolates were assigned to three subtypes, predominantly associated with cattle. Study findings indicate the need to prioritize FQR monitoring in C. jejuni infections in Canada and to elucidate the dynamics of the emergence and transmission of resistant C. jejuni strains within and from cattle and chicken reservoirs.

Correlation between lipid profile and serum cortisol during examination stress among I MBBS students

Background: Stress is an important mental health problem which significantly affects the medical under graduates. Cortisol is known as stress hormone. Medical education is very stressful out of all higher education and medical undergraduates are more affected when compared to other professional students. In that examination has been described as a naturalistic stressor capable of affecting human health. Objectives : To estimate and correlate serum cortisol and lipid profile before & during the examination in medical students. Materials & Methods: A longitudinal follow up study was done on 50 first MBBS students(aged,18-25 years) of Prathima college after taking informed consent. Subjects were assessed for stress parameters with given questionnaire of 42 items(DASS-42) and serum cortisol ,lipid profile at two times. Exactly 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each subject before & during major examination for cortisol & lipid profile. Cortisol was assessed using ELISA techniques, while lipid parameters were assessed using standard enzymaticspectrophotometric methods. Results: There was statistically significant increase in serum cortisol, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in students during examination stress compared to the before examination period (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). There was also non significant positive correlation between serum cortisol and other lipid profile parameters before examination stress but not during the examination period. Conclusion: Significant increase in cortisol, TC, HDL and LDL but no significant correlation between cortisol and the other parameters were observed during examination stress. This study could be helpful to the students in planning strategies to be adopted to cope up the examination stress to prevent harzards of stress..