scholarly journals Postoperative analgesic efficacy of the thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach (TAPA) and modified-TAPA for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Block Methods

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. Even though there is less postoperative pain with laparoscopic cholecystectomy than with open cholecystectomy, severe pain can occur, particularly within the first 24 hours. Evaluation of the efficacy of ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks for postoperative analgesia of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has recently come to prominence. The aim of our study was to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach (TAPA) and modified-TAPA (m-TAPA) blocks in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The present study included 56 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia and received TAPA or m-TAPA block for perioperative analgesia. Each patient signed a written informed consent form. Block times and numerical rating scale (NRS) scores 1, 2, 3, and 12 hours postoperatively, hourly and total tramadol amount of use via the patient-controlled analgesia device, and additional analgesic drug consumption were all recorded. The TAPA group had significantly longer block application times than the m-TAPA group. At 1 and 12 hours, NRS scores were lower in the TAPA group. However, the mean NRS scores, total tramadol use, and use of additional analgesics were comparable between the groups. TAPA and m-TAPA block methods reduced NRS scores by alleviating pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures, thereby reducing the need for additional analgesics. Block times for TAPA were significantly longer than those for m-TAPA. However, both block applications were completed in a short period, smoothly and safely. The analgesic effect of TAPA block was more distinctive at 1 and 12 hours, and NRS scores were lower. However, we think that both block methods, when used under ultrasound guidance, will provide effective analgesia by supplementing the multimodal analgesia planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and other abdominal operations.

scholarly journals Effect of Nefopam-Based Patient-Controlled Analgesia with and without Fentanyl on Postoperative Pain Intensity in Patients Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Non-Inferiority Trial

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Ki Tae Jung ◽  
Keum Young So ◽  
Seung Chul Kim ◽  
Sang Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lockout Interval

Background and Objectives: We investigated the non-inferiority of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), using either nefopam alone or combined nefopam-fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, 78 patients were allocated to receive nefopam 240 mg (Group N240) or nefopam 120 mg with fentanyl 600 μg (Group NF), equivalent to fentanyl 1200 μg, with a total PCA volume of 120 mL. Patients were given a loading dose (0.1 mL/kg) from the PCA device along with ramosetron (0.3 mg) and connected to a PCA device with a background infusion rate of 2 mL/h, bolus dose amount set at 2 mL, and lockout interval set at 15 min. Pain scores were obtained using the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 30 min after recovery room (RR) admission, as well as 8 and 24 h postoperatively. The primary outcome was analgesic efficacy evaluated using NRS-rated 8 h postoperatively. Other evaluated outcomes included the incidence rate of bolus demand, rescue analgesic and antiemetic requirements, and postoperative adverse effects. Results: NRS scores were not significantly different between the groups throughout the postoperative period (p = 0.539). NRS scores of group N240 were not inferior to those of group NF at 30 min after RR admission, or at 8 and 24 h postoperatively (mean difference [95% CI], −0.05 [−0.73 to 0.63], 0.10 [−0.29 to 0.50], and 0.28 [−0.06 to 0.62], respectively). Postoperative adverse effects were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 1.000) and other outcomes were also not significantly different between the two groups (p ≥ 0.225). Conclusions: PCA using nefopam alone has a non-inferior and effective analgesic efficacy and produces a lower incidence of postoperative adverse effects compared to a combination of fentanyl and nefopam after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

scholarly journals Preoperative versus Postoperative Rectus Sheath Block for Acute Postoperative Pain Relief after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Jeong ◽  
Chan Sik Kim ◽  
Kyu Taek Choi ◽  
Sung-Moon Jeong ◽  
Doo-Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Rectus Sheath ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Skin Closure ◽  
Analgesic Consumption ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Rectus Sheath Block

Background: Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is multifactorial and usually not effectively treated. Rectus sheath block (RSB) has been proven to reduce the pain from midline abdominal incision and laparoscopic surgery. We investigated the preemptive analgesic effect of RSB after LC. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, single-center trial, 200 patients undergoing LC were randomized into preoperative RSB (pre-RSB) or postoperative RSB (post-RSB) group. An ultrasound-guided RSB was performed before skin incision in the pre-RSB group or after skin closure in the post-RSB group. The primary outcome was total rescue analgesic consumption at 24 h post-surgery. The secondary outcomes were cumulated rescue analgesic consumption and postoperative pain measured by numerical rating scale (NRS) at 0, 1, 2, 6, 9, 18, and 24 h post-surgery. Results: Total rescue analgesic consumption at 24 h post-surgery was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group (p = 0.020). The cumulated rescue analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group at 1 h (p = 0.023), 9 h (p = 0.020) and 18 h (p = 0.002) post-surgery. NRS was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group at 0 h post-surgery (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The pre-RSB reduced the analgesic requirements in patients undergoing LC compared with the post-RSB.

Acupuncture for Low Back Pain in Pregnancy – a Prospective, Quasi- Randomised, Controlled Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Bosco Guerreiro da Silva ◽  
Mary Uchiyama Nakamura ◽  
José Antonio Cordeiro ◽  
Luiz Kulay
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Average Pain

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acupuncture in low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy under real life conditions, as compared with patients undergoing conventional treatment alone. A total of 61 conventionally treated pregnant women were allocated randomly into two groups to be treated or not by acupuncture. Twenty-seven patients formed the study group and 34 the control group. They reported the severity of pain using a Numerical Rating Scale from 0 to 10, and their capacity to perform general activities, to work, and to walk. We also assessed the use of analgesic drugs. Women were followed up for eight weeks and interviewed five times, at two-week intervals. All women completed the study. In the study group the average pain during the study period showed a larger reduction (4.8 points) than the control group (−0.3 points) (P<0.0001). Average pain scores decreased by at least 50% over time in 21 (78%) patients in the acupuncture group and in five (15%) patients in the control group (P<0.0001). Maximum pain and pain at the moment of interview were also less in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. The capacity to perform general activities, to work and to walk was improved significantly more in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). The use of paracetamol was lower in the acupuncture group (P<0.01). These results indicate that acupuncture seems to alleviate low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy, as well as to increase the capacity for some physical activities and to diminish the need for drugs, which is a great advantage during this period.

scholarly journals LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 699-706
Author(s):  
HEMMATPOOR BEHZAD ◽  
MAHVAR TAYEBEH ◽  
MAKHSOSI BEHNAM REZA ◽  
Saeb Morteza
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Preoperative Administration ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
To Receive

Background: shoulder pain after laparoscopic procedure is a frequent complication encountered in surgery ward. Severaltreatments have been proposed to reduce it. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative administration of gabapentin inpreventing and attenuating Post Laparoscpoic Shoulder Pain (PLSP) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Design: In a randomised,double blinded placebo controlled study. Setting: Woman's Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Period: April 2011 toMarch 2012. Material and methods: 90 patients of ASA physical status I-II undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy wererandomly allocated to receive gabapentin 600 mg or placebo ,half an hour before surgery. The presence analgesia and side effects wererecorded for 12h postoperatively in same times. Results: Incidence Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) ≥ 4 at different times after arrival to PACUwere significantly lower in gabapentin group in arrival (P Value= 0.003) and then after 30 miniute (P Value= 0.02) and 2 (P Value=0.003), 4 (P Value= 0.03) and 6 (P Value= 0.04) hours after arrival to Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). But this sigificancy lost at 12hours (P Value= 0.07) after arrival to PACU. Also there was a reduction in amounts of postoperative in ward analgesic consumption. Sideeffects were not different between two groups. Conclusions: 600 mg gabapentin as premedication is effective and safe for reducing postlaparoscopicshoulder pain intensity after general laparoscopy compared with placebo.

scholarly journals Intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation reduces postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in male patients under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background The catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) of male patients is a common clinical problem, albeit lacking effective solutions. The present study aimed to investigate whether intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation alleviates the postoperative urinary discomfort in male patients with catheter under general anesthesia. Methods This single-blinded, prospective, randomized study included a total of 167 male patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were allocated to two groups: 84 in the dexmedetomidine group and 83 in the control group. Dexmedetomidine group patients received intravesical instillation of the drug 0.5 μg/kg and normal saline 20 mL, while the control group received intravesical instillation of 20 mL normal saline. The catheter was clamped for 30 min after intravesical instillation for all patients. CRBD scores and urethra pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were measured at admittance to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (T0), intravesical instillation (T1), 30 min (T2), 60 min (T3), 2 h (T4) after intravesical instillation, discharged from PACU (T5), and 6 h (T6) and 24 h (T7) after the operation. Patient satisfaction at discharge from PACU and 24 h post-operation were compared between the two groups. Results CRBD scores and urethra pain NRS scores after 30 min of intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation to 24 h post-operation were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001), and patient satisfaction was higher at discharge from PACU and 24 h post-operation (p < 0.001). No differences were detected in Steward score out of PACU (p = 0.213) and from the time of the end of operation to fully awake (p = 0.417). Conclusion Intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation reduces postoperative urinary discomfort and urethra pain and improves satisfaction in male patients under general anesthesia. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR1800016429), date of registration 1st June 2018.

scholarly journals Perioperative Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine with Combined Nefopam and Parecoxib versus Parecoxib in Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Varinee Lekprasert ◽  
Lapuskorn Yapanan ◽  
Wichai Ittichaikulthol ◽  
Rungrawan Buachai ◽  
Phimol Soisod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Postanesthetic Care Unit

Background. Nefopam is a non-NSAIDs and opioid sparing centrally acting drug which is effective for a multimodal postoperative analgesia. The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of nefopam combined with parecoxib for gynecologic surgery. Methods. This randomized double-blinded control trial recruited participants (n = 72) who underwent gynecologic surgeries and divided them into either a nefopam or control group. The study group received parecoxib 40 mg plus nefopam 20 mg, while the control group received parecoxib 40 mg plus normal saline solution intravenously during open abdominal gynecological surgery. Both groups then received either nefopam or normal saline every 6 hours postoperatively for 24 hours. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine was given for breakthrough pain within 24 h. The participants were evaluated for morphine consumption within 24 hours and postoperative pain using a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) at a postanesthetic care unit, at 6-, 12-, and 24-hour postoperative periods. Adverse effects were recorded. Results. Morphine consumption within 24 hours and adverse effects were not significantly different between both groups. Mean difference and 95% confident interval of morphine consumption between both groups was 1.00 (−4.56, 4.76), P = 0.97 . The VNRS on movement at 6 hours after surgery of the nefopam group was significantly different from that of the control group [mean (SD), 4.14 (2.11) vs. 5.14 (1.80), P = 0.04 ]. The VNRS of the nefopam group at 12 hours after operation during resting and on movement was significantly different from that of the control group ([mean (SD), 1.47 (1.80) vs. 2.54 (2.15), P = 0.03 ], [mean (SD), 3.22 (1.84) vs 4.17 (1.74), P = 0.03 ]), respectively. Conclusions. The combined administration of nefopam and parecoxib during gynecologic surgery slightly reduced the VNRS at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively more than treatment with parecoxib.

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent Bolus Paravertebral Block On Analgesia and Recovery in Open Hepatectomy: A Retrospective, Cohort Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xulei Cui ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Yilei Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Paravertebral Block ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Intermittent Bolus ◽  
Lower Pain

Abstract Background Experiences of paravertebral block use in hepatectomy were limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent bolus paravertebral block on analgesia and recovery in hepatectomy. Methods We selected patients receiving two types of analgesia programs, with matched age, sex and body mass index from a prospective perioperative analgesia and nerve block database: (1) PVB: intermittent bolus paravertebral block (0.5% ropivacaine 25ml before surgery plus 0.125ml•kg− 1 0.2% ropivacaine bolus per hour after surgery) and self-controlled intravenous bolus morphine pump till postoperative 48 hours; (2) control: self-controlled intravenous bolus morphine pump till postoperative 48 hours. The baseline, operation, and postoperative analgsia and recovery data were compared between groups. Results Thirty-eight patients in each group were included in the analysis. Intraoperatively, PVB group used less sevoflurane (difference − 0.1 (-0.2, 0.0) %, P = 0.019), and more ephedrine (U = 986, P = 0.004) and crystalloid (U = 936, P = 0.024) than control group. The mean arterial pressure in PVB group was lower than that in control group (difference − 4mmHg, 95%CI -8 ~ 0mmHg, P = 0.031) but similar to its baseline level (difference 2, 95%CI -1 ~ 5, P = 0.153). Postoperatively, PVB group had lower cumulative morphine consumption at postoperative 2 (U = 371.5, P < 0.001), 4 (U = 349.5, P < 0.001), 12 (U = 342.0, P < 0.001), 24 (U = 338.5, P < 0.001) and 48 (U = 392.5, P = 0.001) hour, lower pain numerical rating scale score at rest at postoperative 0 (U = 299.5, P < 0.001), 2 (U = 355.5, P < 0.001) and 4 (U = 332.0, P < 0.001) hour, and on movement at postoperative 0 (U = 269.5, P < 0.001), 2 (U = 405.0, P = 0.001), 4 (U = 382.5, P < 0.001) and 12 (U = 1179.5, P = 0.003) hour than control group. PVB group also had lower rescue analgesia rates (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.08 ~ 1.00, P = 0.044), higher emergence satisfaction (5 (4, 5) vs 4 (4, 5), P = 0.018) and lower drowsiness score (0 (0,1) vs 1(0,1), P = 0.007) than control group. Three months postoperatively, PVB group had lower rates of hypoesthesia (OR 0.28 (0.11, 0.75), P = 0.009), numbness (OR 0.26 (0.07, 0.88), P = 0.024) and sleep disorder (OR 0.84 (0.73, 0.97), P = 0.025) than control group. Conclusions Intermittent bolus paravertebral block provided anesthetics- and opioids-sparing effects, and enhanced recovery both in hospital and after discharge in patients receiving hepatectomy.

Transdermal opioids for cancer pain control in patients with renal impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Melilli, MD ◽  
Boaz Gedaliahu Samolsky Dekel, MD, PhD, MA ◽  
Catia Frenquelli, MD ◽  
Rita Mellone, MD ◽  
Franco Pannuti, MD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Dose ◽  
Rescue Dose

Objectives: As guidelines for opioid use in renal-impaired patients with cancer are limited, the authors sought to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability, of transdermal buprenorphine for moderate/severe cancer pain in renal-impaired outpatients.Methods: In a prospective parallel-group active-controlled study, n = 42 consecutively recruited outpatients with or without renal impairment (serum creatinine >=1.3 or <=1.2 mg/dL, respectively) were treated with transdermal buprenorphine (group BUP) or fentanyl (group FEN), respectively. Patients were followed up, at home, by the nonprofit ANT-Italia-foundation physicians in Bologna, Italy. Measurements at 10 (T1), 30 (T2), and 90 (T3) days after enrollment (T0) were pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS]), Karnofski score, opioid dose (µg/h), rescue-dose consumption, and occurrence of adverse effects. Patients recorded subjective measurements in a personal diary. Upon data analysis, investigators were blinded to the patient group.Results: At T0, in groups BUP and FEN, median NRS score was 8.0 (CI, 7.4-8.4); its reduction over time (T3; NRS = 3.0; CI, 2.1-3.8 and 2.0-4.0, respectively) was significant and constant in both groups (t-test; T0-T1, T1-T2, and T2-T3; p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively). At all times, there were no significant differences in pain scores between the groups. In all evaluations, adverse effects were reported n = 73/126 times (60.8 percent) and showed no significant association (χ2, p > 0.05) with the study groups. Conclusions: Transdermal buprenorphine, in outpatients with cancer and renal impairment, is as effective, safe, and tolerable as fentanyl in patients without such impairment. These results add further evidence to the notion that buprenorphine, with its peculiar pharmacokinetics, may be an appropriate choice for opioid treatment in patients with renal impairment.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors for a Long Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasana Ko-iam ◽  
Trichak Sandhu ◽  
Sahattaya Paiboonworachat ◽  
Paisal Pongchairerks ◽  
Anon Chotirosniramit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Antiemetic Drug ◽  
Abdominal Drain ◽  
Analgesia Requirement

Background. Although the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) over open cholecystectomy are immediately obvious and appreciated, several patients need a postoperative hospital stay of more than 24 hours. Thus, the predictive factors for this longer stay need to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of a long hospital stay after LC. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study with 500 successful elective LC patients being included in the analysis. Short hospital stay was defined as being discharged within 24 hours after the operation, whereas long hospital stay was defined as the need for a stay of more than 24 hours after the operation. Results. Using multivariable analysis, ten independent predictive factors were identified for a long hospital stay. These included patients with cirrhosis, patients with a history of previous acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, or pancreatitis, patients on anticoagulation with warfarin, patients with standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum, patients who had been given metoclopramide as an intraoperative antiemetic drug, patients who had been using abdominal drain, patients who had numeric rating scale for pain > 3, patients with an oral analgesia requirement > 2 doses, complications, and private ward admission. Conclusions. LC difficulties were important predictive factors for a long hospital stay, as well as medication and operative factors.

Drain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a randomised controlled study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1140) ◽  
pp. 606-609
Author(s):  
Mithun V Valappil ◽  
Sumit Gulati ◽  
Manish Chhabra ◽  
Ajay Mandal ◽  
Sanjay De Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Acute Calculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Calculous Cholecystitis

BackgroundThere is paucity of evidence regarding the role of drain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC), and surgeons have placed the drains based on their experiences, not on evidence-based guidelines. This study aims to assess the value of drain in LC for ACC in a randomised controlled prospective study.Patients and methodsAll patients with mild and moderate ACC undergoing LC were assessed. Preoperatively, patients with choledocholithiasis, Mirizzi syndrome and biliary stent were excluded. Intraoperatively or postoperatively, patients with complications, partial cholecystectomies and malignancies were excluded. Patients were randomised using computer-generated random numbers into two groups at the end of cholecystectomy before closure. Requirement of radiologically guided (ultrasonography () or CT) percutaneous aspiration/drainage of symptomatic intra-abdominal collection or reoperation; continuation of parenteral antibiotics beyond 24 hours or change in antibiotics empirically or based on peritoneal fluid culture sensitivity; requirement of postoperative USG or CT scan based on postoperative clinical course; wound infection rates; postoperative pain using numeric rating scale at 6 and 24 hours; and the duration of hospital stay in both groups were noted.ResultsForty-two out of 50 consecutive patients were randomised into two equal groups. Pain score at 6 and 24 hours was less in patients without drain. All other complication rates and duration of stay were similar in both groups.ConclusionsDrains should not be placed routinely after LC in ACC as it increases pain and does not help in detecting or decreasing complications.

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