scholarly journals In vitro insights of Leishmania (Viannia) species related to their outcomes and virulence in American tegumentary leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose ◽  
Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano Ramos-Milaré ◽  
Jully Oyama ◽  
Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira ◽  
Izabel Galhardo Demarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Morita-Baylis-Hillman adduct shows in vitro activity against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis associated with a reduction in IL-6 and IL-10 but independent of nitric oxide

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. AMORIM ◽  
Y. K. S. RODRIGUES ◽  
T. P. BARBOSA ◽  
P. L. N. NÉRIS ◽  
J. P. A. CALDAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Infections

SUMMARYCurrent treatments for different clinical forms of leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory, highly toxic and associated with increasing failure rates resulting from the emergence of resistant parasites. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main aetiological agent of different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, including the mucosal form for which treatment has high failure rates. The aim of this work was to investigate the activity of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adduct, methyl 2-{2-[hydroxy(2-nitrophenyl)methyl])acryloyloxy} benzoate in vitro against isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis obtained from patients with different clinical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. The adduct effectively inhibited the growth of promastigotes of the different isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis (IC50 ⩽ 7·77 μg/ml), as well as reduced the infection rate of macrophages infected with these parasites (EC50 ⩽ 1·37 μg/ml). It is remarkable to state that the adduct was more effective against intracellular amastigotes (P ⩽ 0·0045). The anti-amastigote activity correlated with an immunomodulatory effect, since the adduct was able to decrease the production of IL-6 and IL-10 by the infected macrophages. However, its effect was independent of nitric oxide production. This work demonstrates the anti-leishmanial activity of methyl 2-{2-[hydroxy(2-nitrophenyl)methyl])acryloyloxy} benzoate and suggests its potential in the treatment of human infections caused by L. (V.) braziliensis.

scholarly journals Identification and Biological Characterization ofLeishmania (Viannia) guyanensisIsolated from a Patient with Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Goiás, a Nonendemic Area for This Species in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alause da Silva Pires ◽  
Arissa Felipe Borges ◽  
Adriano Cappellazzo Coelho ◽  
Miriam Leandro Dorta ◽  
Ruy de Souza Lino Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Growth Profiles

The aim of this study was to characterize clinical field isolates ofLeishmaniaspp. obtained from patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) who live in Goiás state, Brazil. The presumed areas of infection were in Goiás, Tocantins, and Pará states. Three isolates of parasites were identified asL. (Viannia) braziliensisand one asL. (V.) guyanensis. Thein vitrogrowth profiles were found to be similar for all parasites. Nevertheless, in C57BL/6 mice,L. (V.) guyanensisinfection was better controlled thanL. (V.) braziliensis. Yet in C57BL/6 mice deficient in interferon gamma,L. (V.) guyanensislesions developed faster than those caused byL. (V.) braziliensisisolates. In BALB/c mice, the development of lesions was similar for isolates from both species; however, on the 11th week of infection, amastigotes could not be observed in macrophages fromL. (V.) guyanensis-infected mice. Thus,L. (V.) guyanensiscan be circulating in Goiás, a state where autochthonous cases of this species had not yet been reported. Considering the difficulties to differentiateL. (V.) guyanensisfromL. (V.) braziliensisat the molecular, morphological, and clinical (human and murine models) levels, the presence ofL. (V.) guyanensisinfections is possibly underestimated in several regions of Brazil.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF kDNA-PCR FOR ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS IN A TERTIARY REFERENCE HOSPITAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela M. Satow ◽  
Edite H. Yamashiro-Kanashiro ◽  
Mussya C. Rocha ◽  
Luiza K. Oyafuso ◽  
Rita C. Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Pcr Method

SUMMARY This study evaluated the applicability of kDNA-PCR as a prospective routine diagnosis method for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in patients from the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), a reference center for infectious diseases in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. The kDNA-PCR method detected Leishmania DNA in 87.5% (112/128) of the clinically suspected ATL patients, while the traditional methods demonstrated the following percentages of positivity: 62.8% (49/78) for the Montenegro skin test, 61.8% (47/76) for direct investigation, and 19.3% (22/114) for in vitro culture. The molecular method was able to confirm the disease in samples considered negative or inconclusive by traditional laboratory methods, contributing to the final clinical diagnosis and therapy of ATL in this hospital. Thus, we strongly recommend the inclusion of kDNA-PCR amplification as an alternative diagnostic method for ATL, suggesting a new algorithm routine to be followed to help the diagnosis and treatment of ATL in IIER.

Clinical features and therapeutic response in adult and pediatric patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana C R Senna ◽  
Maria Inês F Pimentel ◽  
Liliane F A Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo R Lyra ◽  
Mauricio N Saheki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Abstract Background American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a neglected disease with wide territorial distribution. Knowledge is scarce in children and adolescents. This study aims to compare the clinical features and response to antimony treatment in pediatric and adult patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed with 659 patients who attended a reference centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. The pediatric cohort consisted of 131 (20%) patients and the adult cohort consisted of 528 (80%) patients. Results The epidemiological profile, antimony therapeutic response and incidence of adverse events (AE) were different in the pediatric cohort compared with the adult cohort. Mucosal form was less frequent in the pediatric cohort (RR:0.49, p=0.011). Lesions in the head, neck and trunk were more frequent in the pediatric cohort (RR:1.49, p=0.043). The effectiveness of antimony treatment was superior in the pediatric cohort (88.3% vs 76.6%) with a shorter healing time (RR:0.49, p=0.009). Pediatric patients had lower proportions of moderate to severe AE compared with adults (RR:0.45, p=0.027). Clinical AE predominated in the adult cohort (RR:0.40, p=0.000) and laboratory AE in the pediatric cohort (RR:1.50, p=0.023). Conclusions This study adds to the body of knowledge on differences that exist between different age groups in ATL.

scholarly journals PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES IN RURAL LOCATIONS IN THE STATE OF PARANA, SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de Melo ◽  
Wilsandrei Cella ◽  
Rubens Massafera ◽  
Natalia Maria Maciel Guerra Silva ◽  
Reinaldo Marqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
The State ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

SUMMARY This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2969-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thieres Marassati das Virgens ◽  
Claudiney Biral dos Santos ◽  
Israel de Souza Pinto ◽  
Kleber Silveira da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Espirito Santo

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic to the Espírito Santo State, Brazil, where it is widely distributed. The composition of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis focus was determined by monthly sampling, using Shannon light traps in an Atlantic Forest reserve and adjacent habitat that had been modified by human activity. Seasonal fluctuations in numbers of the most abundant species were also monitored from June 2004 to May 2006. Of the 6,176 specimens collected, 47.4% were captured in the forest and 52.6% in the disturbed habitat. Although Lutzomyia davisi (60.8%) predominated in specimens from the forest, those captured near human dwellings consisted almost entirely of Lu. choti (72%) and Lu. intermedia (24.3%). All three species occurred throughout the year. Based on our findings, Lu. intermedia probably acts as the principal domestic Leishmania vector in the study area.

scholarly journals The effect of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doracy Silva Diniz ◽  
Alexandre Sylvio Vieira Costa ◽  
Patrícia Maria Fonseca Escalda
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Healing ◽  
The City ◽  
Effect Of Age

INTRODUCTION: Governador Valadares is an endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). The detection rate was 15.36 per 100,000 habitants from 2001 to 2006 (Miranda, 2008). This study aimed to analyze the effects of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of ATL in the City of Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2009. METHODS: Data were collected from the forms of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, and from charts, questionnaires, and home visits to patients. RESULTS: The study included 40 patients, 26 (65%) of whom were males. Individuals over the age of 50 had a 66% higher rate of adverse effects than subjects who were 50 years old or less (CI 95%, 1.14-2.41). The average age of individuals who reported some type of adverse effect was 44.11 years (SD = 20.14), while the average age of the group that did not report any adverse effect was of 25.46 years (SD = 18.37; p < 0.01). Clinical healing was 67.5%, and 10% of patients discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of ATL, the age of patients should be considered, because most adverse reactions occur in individuals over 50 years of age. For this reason, the drug should be used with restriction in these cases.

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