scholarly journals A tale of two species: climate-competition tradeoffs shape range limits according to tree life-history strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Schurman ◽  
Pavel Janda ◽  
Milos Rydval ◽  
Martin Mikolas ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Adapting for competitiveness versus climatic stress tolerance constitutes a primary trade-off differentiating tree life-history strategies. This tradeoff likely influences where species’ range-limits occur, but such links are data-demanding to study and key mechanisms lack empirical support. Using an exceptionally rich dendroecological network, we assessed spatial variation in climate and competition effects on Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica throughout the Carpathian Ecoregion. Ring width synchrony aided in diagnosing how the prevalence of resource-limited (competition) and sink-limited (climate) growth changes with altitude and community composition. Contrasting growth patterns towards respective upper and lower range limits of Fagus and Picea reflected tradeoffs between competitive vs. cold-tolerant strategies. Fagus performance declined with altitudinal increases in climate sensitivity, but improved under interspecific competition. Picea growth increased towards the species’ lower range limit, but declined under interspecific competition. Warmer temperatures likely benefit competitively stronger species at mid elevations and thus imply range reductions for alpine conifers.

Comparing Early Life History Strategies of Pomatomus saltatrix: a Global Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Juanes ◽  
JA Hare ◽  
AG Miskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
South Eastern

Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces:Pomatomidae) is a highly migratory, continental-shelf species with a worldwide subtropical distribution including the eastern coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, north-western Africa, the eastern coast of South America, the south-eastern coast of South Africa, and the south-eastern and south-westem coasts of Australia. This paper summarizes available life history information from the different regions where P. saltatrix occurs, with a focus on the early life history. The basic physical oceanography of these regions is also reviewed to elucidate patterns in larval transport. Comparison of these populations suggests that there are commonalties: adults migrate to spawning grounds; eggs and larvae are typically advected along-shore to juvenile nursery habitats; juveniles recruit to inshore habitats at a similar size, and there they grow rapidly and are mainly piscivorous, feeding primarily on atherinids and engraulids. There are also a number of life history traits that are quite variable among populations: the number of annual reproductive peaks, the number of juvenile cohorts, adult growth patterns and reproductive parameters. Comparison of these life history patterns leads to several non-exclusive hypotheses as to the adaptive significance of variations in life history traits. The goal is to identify areas where more research is needed to assess the degree to which populations of a global species are adapted to their local environment.

scholarly journals Growth patterns and life-history strategies in Placodontia (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 140440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Klein ◽  
James M. Neenan ◽  
Torsten M. Scheyer ◽  
Eva Maria Griebeler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Long Bone

Placodontia is a clade of durophagous, near shore marine reptiles from Triassic sediments of modern-day Europe, Middle East and China. Although much is known about their primary anatomy and palaeoecology, relatively little has been published regarding their life history, i.e. ageing, maturation and growth. Here, growth records derived from long bone histological data of placodont individuals are described and modelled to assess placodont growth and life-history strategies. Growth modelling methods are used to confirm traits documented in the growth record (age at onset of sexual maturity, age when asymptotic length was achieved, age at death, maximum longevity) and also to estimate undocumented traits. Based on these growth models, generalized estimates of these traits are established for each taxon. Overall differences in bone tissue types and resulting growth curves indicate different growth patterns and life-history strategies between different taxa of Placodontia. Psephoderma and Paraplacodus grew with lamellar-zonal bone tissue type and show growth patterns as seen in modern reptiles. Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus and some Placodontia indet. show a unique combination of fibrolamellar bone tissue regularly stratified by growth marks, a pattern absent in modern sauropsids. The bone tissue type of Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus and Placodontia indet. indicates a significantly increased basal metabolic rate when compared with modern reptiles. Double lines of arrested growth, non-annual rest lines in annuli, and subcycles that stratify zones suggest high dependence of placodont growth on endogenous and exogenous factors. Histological and modelled differences within taxa point to high individual developmental plasticity but sexual dimorphism in growth patterns and the presence of different taxa in the sample cannot be ruled out.

Mode of growth and life-history strategies of a Late Ordovician halysitid coral

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Lee ◽  
Robert J. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Passive Flow ◽  
Vertical Growth Rate

The upper surface of the corallum ofCatenipora rubrawas often at or just above the sediment-water interface during life. The vertical growth rate was barely sufficient to keep pace with background sedimentation and possible subsidence of the corallum. Therefore, the colonies were in constant danger of being covered by influxes of sediment, especially during storms. This was compensated by the ability of polyps to respond to sedimentation events and by certain aspects of colony growth. Rapid regeneration following partial mortality involved budding of uninjured polyps and rejuvenation of damaged individuals, in some cases accompanied by a type of axial increase not previously known in tabulate corals. Rapid lateral expansion was possible because small, “immature” polyps could bud and grow in a reptant manner.Interconnected ranks of the cateniform corallum served to dam shifting sediment at the periphery of the colony. Lacunae within the colony were reservoirs for material that breached peripheral ranks and for sediment that settled on the ranks and was rejected by polyps or removed by passive flow. Polyps comprising the colony were distributed over a large area of the substrate surface, thereby decreasing the probability of complete mortality during sedimentation events and increasing the probability that a sufficient number of individuals would survive to ensure optimum regeneration. The corallum, anchored in the substrate and with sediment filling the lacunae, provided a broad, stable base during high-energy events.It remains to be established how widespread these growth patterns and strategies were among other corals with cateniform colonies, a form that appeared in many unrelated stocks. Most previous workers emphasized physical strength when considering functional morphology, following a tacit assumption that the corallum rose high above the substrate and was therefore susceptible to breakage during high-energy events. An understanding of the origin of cateniform patterns and the phylogeny of these corals requires knowledge of their modes of growth and life-history strategies, which were genetically as well as environmentally controlled.

scholarly journals Drought frequency predicts life history strategies in Heliophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grey Monroe ◽  
Brian Gill ◽  
Kathryn Turner ◽  
John K McKay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Drought Frequency ◽  
Occurrence Records

Explaining variation in life history strategies is a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology. For plants, annual and perennial life histories are thought to reflect adaptation to environments that differ in the frequency of stress events such as drought. Here we test this hypothesis in Heliophila (Brassicaceae), a diverse genus of flowering plants native to Africa, by integrating 34 years of satellite-based drought measurements with 2192 herbaria occurrence records. Consistent with predictions from classic life history theory, we find that perennial Heliophila species occur in environments where droughts are significantly less frequent compared to annuals. These associations are predictive while controlling for phylogeny, lending support to the hypothesis that drought related natural selection has influenced the distributions of these strategies. Additionally, the collection dates of annual and perennial species indicate that annuals escape drought prone seasons during the seed phase of their life cycle. Together, these findings provide empirical support for classic hypotheses about the drivers of life history strategy in plants - that perennials out compete annuals in environments with less frequent drought and that annuals are adapted to environments with more frequent drought by escaping drought prone seasons as seeds.

scholarly journals Evolutionarily stable range limits set by interspecific competition

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1661) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor D Price ◽  
Mark Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

A combination of abiotic and biotic factors probably restricts the range of many species. Recent evolutionary models and tests of those models have asked how a gradual change in environmental conditions can set the range limit, with a prominent idea being that gene flow disrupts local adaptation. We investigate how biotic factors, explicitly competition for limited resources, result in evolutionarily stable range limits even in the absence of the disruptive effect of gene flow. We model two competing species occupying different segments of the resource spectrum. If one segment of the resource spectrum declines across space, a species that specializes on that segment can be driven to extinction, even though in the absence of competition it would evolve to exploit other abundant resources and so be saved. The result is that a species range limit is set in both evolutionary and ecological time, as the resources associated with its niche decline. Factors promoting this outcome include: (i) inherent gaps in the resource distribution, (ii) relatively high fitness of the species when in its own niche, and low fitness in the alternative niche, even when resource abundances are similar in each niche, (iii) strong interspecific competition, and (iv) asymmetric interspecific competition. We suggest that these features are likely to be common in multispecies communities, thereby setting evolutionarily stable range limits.

scholarly journals Lifelong divergence of growth patterns in Arctic charr life history strategies: implications for sustainable fisheries in a changing climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Grenier ◽  
Ross F. Tallman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Summer Growth

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linneaus, 1758) are phenotypically variable with multiple life history strategies including anadromous and freshwater resident individuals. The mechanism determining life history is believed to be set early in life. Anadromous individuals show greater seasonality in growth and feeding after the first seaward migration relative to resident conspecifics. We used otolith growth increment measurements to estimate lifelong growth patterns for 355 individuals with anadromous or resident life history from four populations within Cumberland Sound, Nunavut. Using a general and a generalized linear model, we discovered a linear increase (estimate = 0.006) in growth for both Arctic charr life histories between 1990 and 2016. Resident Arctic charr have lower annual growth (estimate = -0.176) and show a decrease in the annual proportion of summer growth as they age (estimate = -0.042) while their anadromous counterparts maintain a higher seasonality in their growth patterns with age. This suggests that growth is indeed important in life history trajectory for Arctic charr and that seasonal growth patterns differ among life histories. The results highlight the importance of improving our understanding of mechanisms influencing life history trajectory in Arctic charr to ensure sustainability of harvested Arctic charr populations in a changing climate.

scholarly journals Natural variation in plant telomere length is associated with flowering time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Choi ◽  
Liliia R Abdulkina ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
Inna B Chastukhina ◽  
John T Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Chromosome Integrity

Abstract Telomeres are highly repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from deterioration during cell division. Here, using whole genome re-sequencing and terminal restriction fragment assays, we found substantial natural intraspecific variation in telomere length in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping in A. thaliana identified 13 regions with GWAS-significant associations underlying telomere length variation, including a region that harbors the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. Population genomic analysis provided evidence for a selective sweep at the TERT region associated with longer telomeres. We found that telomere length is negatively correlated with flowering time variation not only in A. thaliana, but also in maize and rice, indicating a link between life history traits and chromosome integrity. Our results point to several possible reasons for this correlation, including the possibility that longer telomeres may be more adaptive in plants that have faster developmental rates (and therefore flower earlier). Our work suggests that chromosomal structure itself might be an adaptive trait associated with plant life history strategies.

scholarly journals Uncommon Non-Candida Yeasts in Healthy Turkeys—Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biochemical Characteristic of Trichosporon Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Kamila Bobrek ◽  
Ireneusz Sokół ◽  
Andrzej Gaweł
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Diverse Community

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals is inhabited by a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. In cases where there is an imbalance in the normal microflora or an immunosuppression on the part of the host, these opportunistic microorganisms can cause severe infections. The study presented here evaluates the biochemical and antifungal susceptibility features of Trichosporon spp., uncommon non-Candida strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy turkeys. The Trichosporon coremiiforme and Trichosporon (Apiotrichum) montevideense accounted for 7.7% of all fungi isolates. The biochemical tests showed that Trichosporon coremiiforme had active esterase (C4), esterase-lipase (C8) valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase. Likewise, Trichosporon montevideense demonstrated esterase-lipase (C8), lipase (C14), valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase activity. T.coremiiforme and T. monteviidense isolated from turkeys were itraconazole resistant and amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole susceptible. Compared with human isolates, the MIC range and MIC values of turkey isolates to itraconazole were in a higher range limit in both species, while MIC values to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole were in a lower range limit. Furthermore, the obtained ITS1—5.8rRNA—ITS2 fragment sequences were identical with T. coremiiforme and T. montevideense sequences isolated from humans indicating that these isolates are shared pathogens.

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