scholarly journals Placing Personhood: Ontology, The Life Course, and Cemeteries

Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Degnen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Real World ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Life Course

This article considers the challenge of teaching the anthropology of personhood to third year sociology and combined honours undergraduates at a British university. It draws on the experiences of the author in developing such a module, and in particular the difficulties of making the theoretical and empirical concepts at stake more tangible to this cohort of students. The article explores one solution, namely a seminar-based fieldwork exercise in a local cemetery. The exercise sought to bring personhood �into view� in the urban landscape and in everyday practices with a follow-up series of student presentations. The discussion here highlights the theoretical framing of personhood and ontology taken by the module; the dilemmas of finding �real world� and emplaced sites for the students to try out these ideas; and some of the reflections on teaching personhood via this exercise that resulted for both students and lecturer.

scholarly journals Work Participation among Women and Men in Sweden: A Register Study of 8.5 Million Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4642
Author(s):  
Katriina Heikkilä ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Marianna Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
The Life Course

Observational research studies from various countries suggest that women’s working patterns across the life course are often fragmented compared to men’s. The aim of our investigation was to use nationwide register data from Sweden to examine the extent to which generation and time of entry to the work force explain the sex differences in work participation across the life course. Our analyses were based on individual-level data on 4,182,581 women and 4,279,571 men, who were 19–69 years old and resident in Sweden in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015. Data on income and number of net days on disability pension, obtained from multiple linked registers, were used to ascertain each individual’s main activity (in paid work, on disability pension, and not in paid work) each year. Years in paid work and on disability pension were calculated as the sums of years spent in either of these states from age 19 to 69 years. We used negative binomial regression to model the associations of generation and baseline year with years in paid work and years on disability pension. All models were run separately for women and men, with the duration of follow-up constrained to one, to account for the different follow-up times between individuals. Overall, the number of years in paid work across the life course was larger among men than women, and men entered into the workforce earlier. The difference between women and men was similar across generations and time periods. Adjustment for education, income, number of children aged <18 years living at home, country of birth, and the type of residential area had minimal impact on the estimates. Our findings suggest that women spend fewer years in paid work across the life course than men, highlighting the need for continued efforts to close the gender gap in work participation.

scholarly journals Once a Criminal Always a Criminal? A 15-Year Analysis of Recidivism Among Female Prisoners in Massachusetts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Mastrorilli ◽  
Maureen Norton-Hawk ◽  
Nicole Usher
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Correctional Programming ◽  
Youthful Offenders ◽  
The Life Course

<p>The study of prisoner recidivism has long captured the interest of criminal justice researchers. Recidivism studies attempt to answer a variety of questions ranging from what are the characteristics of those who reoffend, what factors predict offender recidivism, and how long does a recidivist remain in the community before finding themselves in conflict with the law again. Unlike many studies that examine recidivism over a relatively short term – three to five years, this study investigates recidivism over a 15-year period among a group of female offenders released from a Massachusetts prison in 1995. Findings point to three propositions moving forward. First, correctional programming geared specifically toward youthful offenders might be necessary to promote desistance over the life course. Second, offender monitoring and accountability up to 36 months after release from incarceration may reduce the risk of re-offending. Third, studies with a follow-up period of ten years would be a valuable addition to the recidivism literature to advance our understanding of chronic offending among women.</p>

scholarly journals Age Effect on the Bidirectional Relations Between Alcohol Consumption and Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Kenneth Sher ◽  
Ellen Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Bidirectional Relations ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Alcohol consumption reduces but pain rises over the life course. Thus, we hypothesized that developmental variability in the bidirectional association between alcohol consumption and pain would vary as a function of age. This hypothesis was tested across three age groups – younger (&lt;29), middle (29-65), and older (&gt;65) using NESARC wave 1 and 2 data (N=34,653). The effect of pain interference at baseline on alcohol consumption at follow-up was non-significant across the age groups, indicating that self-medication theory was unsupported. The effect of alcohol consumption at baseline on pain interference at follow-up was significant among the middle (Estimate -.007, p=.002) and older (Estimate -.019, p&lt;.001) groups, but non-significant among the younger group. This latter effect differed significantly between the younger and older groups (p =.005) and the middle and older groups (p=.041). Results show that alcohol consumption reduces pain interference, especially later in life.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic position over the life course from childhood and smoking status in mid-adulthood: results from a 25-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tian ◽  
Seana Gall ◽  
Kira Patterson ◽  
Petr Otahal ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Body size across the life course and prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Möller ◽  
Kathryn M. Wilson ◽  
Julie L. Batista ◽  
Lorelei A. Mucci ◽  
Katarina Bälter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Do Aging Employees Benefit from Self-Regulative Strategies? A Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752095858
Author(s):  
Saija Mauno ◽  
Jaana Minkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Life Course

SOC-strategies (selection, optimization, and compensation) are crucial for well-being and adaptation throughout the life course. The workforce is aging rapidly, thus the age-conditional premises of SOC theory require attention. This study explored (1) whether older employees used SOC strategies more often (compared to younger employees), and (2) whether older employees benefited more from SOC strategies in relation to occupational well-being (job burnout, work engagement). The study was based on follow-up data including three occupational subsamples of different age ( N = 1,020). There were no significant age-conditional differences in the take-up of SOC strategies. However, older (white-collar) employees benefited more from compensation and elective selection in relation to occupational well-being. Moreover, older employees also benefited more from using all SOC strategies concerning occupational well-being. Strengthening older employees’ SOC strategies needs more attention as the workforce is aging.

scholarly journals How intelligence and emotional control are related to suicidal behavior across the life course – A register-based study with 38-year follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 2265-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Hansson Bittár ◽  
Daniel Falkstedt ◽  
Alma Sörberg Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractBackgroundBoth low intelligence and low emotional control have previously been linked to a higher risk of suicide, but it is unknown whether the associations apply consistently over the life course.MethodsThe study was based on data on intelligence and emotional control, collected from 48 738 Swedish men conscripted in 1969–1970, at ages 18–20 years. The data were linked to national registers giving information on subsequent suicidal behavior (completed and attempted suicide) up to the age of 59 years. The associations were investigated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models, with adjustment for childhood socioeconomic status.ResultsIntelligence and emotional control assessed in late adolescence both showed robust inverse associations with suicidal behavior over the 38-year follow-up. However, while the association between lower intelligence and higher rate of suicidal behavior remained the same throughout (~40% increased hazard per unit on a five-level scale), the association between lower emotional control and suicidal behavior was substantially stronger in early adulthood (~100% increased hazard per unit) than in late middle age (~30% increased hazard per unit).ConclusionsThe study adds to previous research by showing that the association between poor emotional control and subsequent suicide risk in men becomes weaker over the life course, while the association between low intelligence and suicide risk seems to be constant. The particularly high suicide risk of young men with poor emotional control may motivate targeted prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Moving across the life course: A biographic approach to researching dynamics of everyday mobility practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Greene ◽  
Henrike Rau
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Car Driving

This article connects existing mobility biographies research with social practice inquiries into the dynamics of consumption and examines the potential of a biographic, practice-centred approach for researching everyday practices. Following a critical review of the benefits and limitations of existing research on mobility biographies, the article explores some key ways in which a practice theory approach can be employed to reframe and extend how dynamics of mobility over the life course can be conceptualised and analysed. A key feature of the discussion is a consideration of the ways in which the concepts of practice and career can broaden investigations of practice biographies to include various perspectives and scales. The article then outlines the development and application of a biographic, practice-centred methodology which was employed in an ongoing mobility biographies study based in Ireland. In demonstrating the potential of this approach for researching practice careers across the life course, empirical data relating to an individual’s career-in-car-driving are presented and discussed. The article concludes that, despite some limitations, practice-centred biographic approaches offer potential for addressing some unanswered questions regarding mobility practices.

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