scholarly journals Age Effect on the Bidirectional Relations Between Alcohol Consumption and Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Kenneth Sher ◽  
Ellen Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Bidirectional Relations ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Alcohol consumption reduces but pain rises over the life course. Thus, we hypothesized that developmental variability in the bidirectional association between alcohol consumption and pain would vary as a function of age. This hypothesis was tested across three age groups – younger (<29), middle (29-65), and older (>65) using NESARC wave 1 and 2 data (N=34,653). The effect of pain interference at baseline on alcohol consumption at follow-up was non-significant across the age groups, indicating that self-medication theory was unsupported. The effect of alcohol consumption at baseline on pain interference at follow-up was significant among the middle (Estimate -.007, p=.002) and older (Estimate -.019, p<.001) groups, but non-significant among the younger group. This latter effect differed significantly between the younger and older groups (p =.005) and the middle and older groups (p=.041). Results show that alcohol consumption reduces pain interference, especially later in life.

Folklore and Folklife of American Age Groups and Aging

2018 ◽  
pp. 844-866
Author(s):  
Mary L. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Folklore occurs at every stage of a person’s life, and this chapter covers the way folklore and folklife across, and of, the life course has been studied. Six divisions in the life course that mark traditions of age groups as well as perceived stages in the United States are pregnancy and birth, infancy and early childhood, childhood and adolescence, adulthood, seniority, and death. Although much of the scholarship of age groups has been on the beginning and end of life, I demonstrate the conditions of aging in adolescence through the senior years that generate folklore and should be studied in relation to formation of age-group identity. This chapter emphasizes the use of folklore as an adaptation to aging. It examines the connection of folk traditions to the role that anxiety plays in the aging process, the formation of self and group identity, and the rites of passage that mark transitions from one stage to another. It shows that the presence of invented and emerging traditions indicates changing values and beliefs across the life course and encourages research in age-based research as a basic component of folklore and folklife studies.

scholarly journals Work Participation among Women and Men in Sweden: A Register Study of 8.5 Million Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4642
Author(s):  
Katriina Heikkilä ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Marianna Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
The Life Course

Observational research studies from various countries suggest that women’s working patterns across the life course are often fragmented compared to men’s. The aim of our investigation was to use nationwide register data from Sweden to examine the extent to which generation and time of entry to the work force explain the sex differences in work participation across the life course. Our analyses were based on individual-level data on 4,182,581 women and 4,279,571 men, who were 19–69 years old and resident in Sweden in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015. Data on income and number of net days on disability pension, obtained from multiple linked registers, were used to ascertain each individual’s main activity (in paid work, on disability pension, and not in paid work) each year. Years in paid work and on disability pension were calculated as the sums of years spent in either of these states from age 19 to 69 years. We used negative binomial regression to model the associations of generation and baseline year with years in paid work and years on disability pension. All models were run separately for women and men, with the duration of follow-up constrained to one, to account for the different follow-up times between individuals. Overall, the number of years in paid work across the life course was larger among men than women, and men entered into the workforce earlier. The difference between women and men was similar across generations and time periods. Adjustment for education, income, number of children aged <18 years living at home, country of birth, and the type of residential area had minimal impact on the estimates. Our findings suggest that women spend fewer years in paid work across the life course than men, highlighting the need for continued efforts to close the gender gap in work participation.

scholarly journals Association between Lifetime Tobacco Use and Alcohol Consumption Trajectories and Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Diseases among Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11275
Author(s):  
Ignacio Madero-Cabib ◽  
Claudia Bambs
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Life Course

Background: We identify representative types of simultaneous tobacco use and alcohol consumption trajectories across the life course and estimate their association with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (CVDs and CRDs) among older people in Chile. Methods: We used data from a population-representative, face-to-face and longitudinal-retrospective survey focused on people aged 65–75 (N = 802). To reconstruct trajectory types, we employed weighted multichannel sequence analysis. Then, we estimated their associations with CVDs and CRDs through weighted logistic regression models. Results: Long-term exposure to tobacco use and alcohol consumption across life are associated with the highest CVD and CRD risks. Long-term nonsmokers and nondrinkers do not necessarily show the lowest CVDs and CRDs risks if these patterns are accompanied by health risk factors such as obesity or social disadvantages such as lower educational levels. Additionally, trajectories showing regular consumption in one domain but only in specific periods of life, whether early or late, while maintaining little or no consumption across life in the other domain, lead to lower CVDs or CRDs risks than trajectories indicating permanent consumption in both domains. Conclusions: A policy approach that considers CVDs and CRDs as conditions that strongly depend on previous individual experiences in diverse life domains can contribute to the improved design and evaluation of preventive strategies of tobacco use and alcohol consumption across the life course.

scholarly journals Exploration of Finnish adults’ successful weight management over the life course: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Joki ◽  
Johanna Mäkelä ◽  
Hanna Konttinen ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Despite the current obesogenic environment creating challenges weight management, some people succeed in maintaining a normal weight. This study explored lifelong weight management from the life course perspective. We aimed to gain an insight into the issues related to the pathways of individuals of normal weight from childhood to adulthood, and how their experiences and social connections influence their weight management. Methods We approached the research topic using qualitative methods. Two age groups (30–45; 55–70 years, men and women), forming a total of 39 individuals, participated in theme interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in two main categories, namely (1) adoption of lifestyle and (2) maintenance of lifestyle. Results Childhood family played a central role in the formation of lifestyle: food-upbringing created the basis for the interviewees’ current diet, and their lives had always been characterized by an active lifestyle. High perceived self-efficacy was vital in weight management. The interviewees were confident about their routines and trusted their abilities to recognize and handle situations that threatened their lifestyles. They possessed skills for adjusting their lifestyle to altered environments, and showed a high level of coping self-efficacy. The interviewees also highlighted the importance of habits for weight management. They had improved their adopted lifestyle through constant learning. New routines had become more internalized through active repetition, finally turning into habitual practices, which simplified weight management. Conclusions Based on our interviews, we conclude that childhood was important in the development of the health-promoting lifestyle of our interviewees. However, weight management was described as a journey over the life course, and success also encouraged skills of identifying risks and adjusting actions to cope with challenging situations.

scholarly journals Reflections on life-course vaccination: the England experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Since the introduction of the expanded programme on immunization in the 1970s, vaccination has evolved from being an intervention of early infancy to being a programme targeting individuals at all stages of life including birth, infancy, childhood, teenage years, pregnancy and adulthood. The UK has been at the forefront of this lifelong approach to vaccination and has introduced vaccines at all stages of life in its national schedule, including vaccination against hepatitis B at birth, Meningococcal disease group B in infancy, influenza in primary school years, Meningococcal disease groups A, C, W and Y in teenage years, pertussis in pregnancy and shingles in older adults. Based on a range of studies conducted by Public Health England, This session will reflect on some of the challenges brought on by the life course approach in the UK including issues of access in different age groups, choosing the right age and settings for vaccinations, age-specific attitudes to vaccination and subsequent communication strategies, and challenges with monitoring a life-course programme.

scholarly journals The networked question in the digital era: How do networked, bounded, and limited individuals connect at different stages in the life course?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Wellman ◽  
Anabel Quan-Haase ◽  
Molly-Gloria Harper
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Networked Individualism

AbstractWe used in-depth interviews with 101 participants in the East York section of Toronto, Canada to understand how digital media affects social connectivity in general—and networked individualism in particular—for people at different stages of the life course. Although people of all ages intertwined their use of digital media with their face-to-face interactions, younger adults used more types of digital media and have more diversified personal networks. People in different age-groups conserved media, tending to stick with the digital media they learned to use in earlier life stages. Approximately one-third of the participants were Networked Individuals: In each age-group, they were the most actively using digital media to maintain ties and to develop new ones. Another one-third were Socially Bounded, who often actively used digital media but kept their connectivity within a smaller set of social groups. The remaining one-third, who were Socially Limited, were the least likely to use digital media. Younger adults were the most likely to be Networked Individuals, leading us to wonder if the percentage of the population who are Bounded or Limited will decline over time.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption across the life course and mammographic density in premenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Rulla M. Tamimi ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
Kimberly A. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Once a Criminal Always a Criminal? A 15-Year Analysis of Recidivism Among Female Prisoners in Massachusetts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Mastrorilli ◽  
Maureen Norton-Hawk ◽  
Nicole Usher
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Correctional Programming ◽  
Youthful Offenders ◽  
The Life Course

<p>The study of prisoner recidivism has long captured the interest of criminal justice researchers. Recidivism studies attempt to answer a variety of questions ranging from what are the characteristics of those who reoffend, what factors predict offender recidivism, and how long does a recidivist remain in the community before finding themselves in conflict with the law again. Unlike many studies that examine recidivism over a relatively short term – three to five years, this study investigates recidivism over a 15-year period among a group of female offenders released from a Massachusetts prison in 1995. Findings point to three propositions moving forward. First, correctional programming geared specifically toward youthful offenders might be necessary to promote desistance over the life course. Second, offender monitoring and accountability up to 36 months after release from incarceration may reduce the risk of re-offending. Third, studies with a follow-up period of ten years would be a valuable addition to the recidivism literature to advance our understanding of chronic offending among women.</p>

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