The quality of the environment in EU countries in relation to gross domestic product – static and dynamic taxonomic analyses

Abstract Economic growth is a goal of every country and equally of the European Community. In this sense, all national strategies related and not subordinated to the European Union’s strategy aim at economic growth, which will ensure the improvement of the quality of life. Economic growth is always achieved by the level registered by the Gross Domestic Product (Gross Domestic Product per capita) these being the most important indicators of results calculated at macroeconomic level. The proper functioning of a country’s economy must be based, first of all, on certain correlations that are established between socio-economic variables, a context in which there must be certain proportions. The evolution of the economy in free market conditions reaches imbalances at certain times, a context in which macroeconomic stability is affected. Most often, crises, regardless of their health, economic, economic or financial nature, have the first effect of affecting macroeconomic stability. In the current conditions, when we face the health crisis, combined with the economic and financial crisis, the macroeconomic imbalance is obvious by not respecting some proportions and correlations, which must be established at the macroeconomic level. The analysis of this aspect of crises and their effect on economic correlations and macrostability is the subject of the study in this article.

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Understanding the quality of early estimates of Gross Domestic Product

Economic & Labour Market Review ◽

10.1057/elmr.2009.204 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gary Brown ◽

Tullio Buccellato ◽

Graeme Chamberlin ◽

Sumit Dey-Chowdhury ◽

Robin Youll

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Domestic Product

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Permodelan Spasial pada Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Provinsi Bangka Belitung Tahun 2018

Engineering, MAthematics and Computer Science (EMACS) Journal ◽

10.21512/emacsjournal.v3i2.7034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 47-58

Author(s):

Apriliansyah Mahmud ◽

Ernawati Pasaribu

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Spatial Model ◽

Spatial Effect ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Neighborhood Effect ◽

Multidimensional Problem ◽

Model Based

Unemployement is a multidimensional problem that have wide impact into progress and quality of one area. Based on that problem, it is necessary to have an analysis of factor that affected this phenomena. One economy phenomenon of one area can be influenced by neighborhood economy activity. The purpose of this study is to know factors that affected open unemployemnet rate also answer the problem of neighborhood effect by spatial model. Based on result, variables that having spatial effect are open unemployement rate, count of poor citizen, and also gross domestic product. Beside of that, it is also known that error spatial model is feasible to be a model because having smallest AIC score.

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Tax burden in EU countries

Ekonomski izazovi ◽

10.5937/ekoizazov2017058k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (17) ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Branimir Kalaš

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Tax Burden ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Economic Growth And Development ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Indirect Taxes ◽

Average Share ◽

The Subject

The degree of tax burden in the economy is a significant issue for every country. The state and fiscal authorities should provide a stimulating but sustainable tax environment that will cause positive implications for economic growth and development. The aim of this paper is to determine the degree of tax burden from the aspect of direct taxes and indirect taxes, as well as the correlation level with the annual rate of gross domestic product. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the tax burden in EU countries for the period 2006-2018. The results of the analysis indicate that average share of total taxes is 38.18% of gross domestic product, where the average share of direct taxes is 12.77% and the average share of indirect taxes is 13.42% of gross domestic product. Also, the results of correlation matrix show a statistically significant and negative correlation between tax burden and economic growth measured by the annual growth rate of gross domestic product.

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How to Measure Progress Towards Quality and Sustainability of Life?

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.1515/eko-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pavel Nováček ◽

Peter Mederly

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Relevant Alternative ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Life Index ◽

Good For

AbstractThe vagueness of the concept of ‘sustainable development’ ceased to serve as a consensus platform and instead became a source of controversy. Therefore an instrument is needed to measure whether we are striving towards sustainable development or not. Today the most widely used indicator of economic prosperity is gross domestic product (GDP). It is often incorrectly interpreted as an indicator of quality of life. If, however, GDP is considered to be quality-of-life indicator, it is a misleading indicator as GDP does not cover the services people conduct outside the official market. As a result, environmentalists together with economists have long been cooperating in designing an alternative indicator capable of better capturing the development of society. Even though GDP is good for measuring economic performance, it is highly misleading as an indicator of the quality and sustainability of life. This article describes briefly the most relevant alternative indicators to GDP developed during last two decades including Czech and Slovak methodology of the Quality and Sustainability of Life Index.

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Competitive intelligence tools used by small and medium-sized enterprises

Journal of Governance and Regulation ◽

10.22495/jgr_v4_i3_c2_p1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 191-200

Author(s):

Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Business Environment ◽

Competitive Intelligence ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Wealth Creation ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) contribute highly to the gross domestic product, reduction in unemployment, wealth creation and improvement in the quality of life. Due to technology and globalisation, SMEs now compete with enterprises beyond the borders of their country. To survive in this global competitive business environment, SMEs seek for tools that offer competitive advantage. Competitive Intelligence (CI) provides competitive advantage to enterprises that practice it. While CI practice has been widely research for larger enterprises, there is lack of research on CI practice pertaining to SMEs. This research establishes tools used by SMEs in CI practice. The research was quantitative in nature and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collected data from owners/managers of SMEs.

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Peningkatan Kapasitas Dan Kualitas Pengolahan Produk Hasil Laut Di Surabaya Untuk Menembus Pasar Ekspor

BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) ◽

10.26740/bisma.v10n1.p17-25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Erna Ferrinadewi Kusnarsiyah

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Production Process ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Export Demand ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Industry Needs ◽

Seafood Processing

In an effort to exploit Indonesia's rich marine potential of a variety of fish and given the large contribution of the growth of the fishery sector to Indonesia's gross domestic product, the seafood processing industry needs to improve the competitiveness of its products in order to increase the value of sea-based exports which in turn will improve the welfare of the community. SMEs engaged in the processing of seafood have not utilized science and technology in the production process so that found obstacles in the speed and fulfillment of export demand to neighboring countries. There are many work errors so shipping the product does not meet the standard of demand. The length of time the SMEs in fulfilling the buyer demand is caused by the length of the production process into the product ready to send. This work error results in the quality of the delivered product not meeting the health standards and the buyer's request. The ergonomic sorting table provides 2% reduction in work errors and the provision of wash tables designed to reduce work fatigue and the use of heating ovens to replace the sunlight function of the Cucumber products can increase the employee's working speed from 4 days to 2 days to prepare the product to send .

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE INSTITUTE OFCONTROL ON THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF THE COUNTRY

Bulletin of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Economic Series ◽

10.26565/2311-2379-2019-97-09 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

The State ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Financial Control ◽

State Audit ◽

Economic State ◽

Coefficient Of Elasticity ◽

The Given ◽

Positive Effect

The article examines the influence of the activity of the control institute on the state of the gross domestic product of the country through a consistent analysis. Initially, the differentiation of public financial control agents is considered and the feasibility of analyzing the entities of public financial control in comparison with quasi-entities is substantiated. It is determined that two entities, namely the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine and the State Audit Office of Ukraine, are subject to control. Official reports of the State Audit Service, which are public and reflect the results of the activity of this structure over a long period of time, were used for consideration. In order to achieve this goal, it was established that there is a need to identify the presence or absence of correlation between the given indicators by means of correlation analysis. To test the model for usability, a determination factor of R2 was calculated, which shows how much these factors describe the model and what percentage is described by the unaccounted factors. In order to assess the adequacy of the studied model. Fisher's analysis was performed. The significance of the parameters was estimated using the t-test. According to the results of verification of these indicators, it was determined that the model is adequate to experimental data and can be used for further analysis. To evaluate the quality of the model, the coefficient of elasticity Eb was calculated. On the basis of the conducted research the positive effect of the activity of the control agents, in part of the reimbursed expenses, on the economic state of the country due to the growth of the gross domestic product is revealed and the necessity of enhancing the efficiency of their activity is substantiated, that will have a positive effect on the economic situation.

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An Assessment of Post-COVID-19 EU Recovery Funds and the Distribution of Them among Member States

Journal of Risk and Financial Management ◽

10.3390/jrfm14110549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

María-Dolores Guillamón ◽

Ana-María Ríos ◽

Bernardino Benito

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

European Commission ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Member States ◽

Unemployment Rates ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Per Capita

The European Commission has launched numerous recovery plans for Member States to try to mitigate the damage caused by COVID-19. The most important element of this program is the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), which is worth EUR 672.5 billion in loans and grants. Seventy per cent of the RRF grants will be distributed between 2021 and 2022, with the remaining 30 per cent in 2023. The allocation of grants for the period 2021–2022 has been made according to different socioeconomic criteria. In this context, the aim of our work is to assess the recovery policies jointly developed by EU countries and to analyze which of the criteria adopted for the allocation of the grants included in the RRF for the period 2021–2022 has been most decisive in the distribution of these funds. In addition, we also examine whether other health indicators directly related to the pandemic can also be related to the amount of funding that EU countries will receive in this period by carrying out regression analysis. Our results show that the countries that will receive more RRF grants are those with larger populations, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and higher unemployment rates. Furthermore, it is noted that health criteria, as well as those of a socioeconomic nature, may be relevant in the allocation of recovery funds. In this way, our results can be the start of a debate in the literature on whether the socioeconomic criteria adopted in the distribution of these funds have been appropriate. or whether other criteria, such as those of a health nature, should have been taken into account.

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Fiscal management on revenue-based or expenditure-based adjustments: an empirical evidence from EU-Countries

Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society ◽

10.2478/mmcks-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 163-175

Author(s):

Ramona-Mihaela Bâzgan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Time Series ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Econometric Model ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Tax Burden ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Fiscal Management ◽

Indirect Taxes

Abstract An objective for each developed state remains the improvement of a suitable fiscal management system that could generate an increased level of resources. Further on, planning, distributing, allocating those resources to the proper beneficiaries, could generate an economic stabilization, suitable economic growth, decreased level of the net lending variable. The study consisted in an empirical research throughout it was developed the analysis of the impact of fiscal strategies and public expenses adjustments on economic growth and budgetary balance. Time series data from 1998 to 2018 were used on the empirical evidence over the European countries. The study developed an econometric model represented by an unbalanced panel data analysis having as independent variables: the variance of direct taxes, the dynamics of indirect taxes, the variance of budgetary balance, the variance of tax burden, the dynamics of change in net lending as percent of gross domestic product. The dependent variable was revealed throughout the variance of gross domestic product per capita. Over 588 time series observations and 28 cross-section data were taken into consideration in order to reveal if either revenue-adjustments or public-spending adjustments had a greater influence on the evolution of economic growth over the EU-Countries. The result of the econometric model exposed a positive correlation between total expenditure, budgetary balance and economic growth and a negative correlation between direct taxes, indirect taxes, tax burden and economic growth. Moreover, by generating dummy variables on the fixed effect model, it was revealed that large fiscal improvements had a less positive effect on the development of economic growth than fiscal adjustments based on medium-size consolidation.

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