scholarly journals PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN – CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAMARA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Gasilina ◽  
S. M. Kitajchik ◽  
I. A. Gorelova ◽  
N. P. Kabanova ◽  
O. A. Fedoseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective:to study the features of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in children in the Samara region.Materials and methods: 389 cases of pertussis in the Samara region for 2015–2016 were analyzed.Results: it is shown that in spite of 95–98% vaccination coverage, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of whooping cough. Seasonality of morbidity remains. Among the children observed, the youngest children were not vaccinated against pertussis. The clinical picture of the disease remains typical with the classic course of catarrhal and spasmodic periods. Moderately severe forms of the disease predominate. Complications were noted mainly in unvaccinated children of the first year of life. The most frequent complications were pneumonia and apnea. There is a hypodiagnosis of pertussis in outpatient conditions. Infection often occurs under the mask of ARVI, while the sensitivity of the bacteriological method of diagnosis is zero. Of the methods for confirming the diagnosis, the most reliable is ELISA and PCR.Conclusion: these epidemiological and clinical features of pertussis current testify to the need to further improve methods of early diagnosis, especially express methods, etiopathagenetic treatment, specific prevention, antiepidemic measures in the foci of infection.

ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS IN INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FEATURES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-488
Author(s):  
Harold Abramson ◽  
Morris Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Older Children ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Acute Poliomyelitis

In order to compare the epidemiological and clinical features of poliomyelitis in infants under 1 year with those in children and adults, a study was made of all cases of poliomyelitis that occurred in New York City in 1949 and 1950. This revealed the following characteristics of the disease among infants in the first year of life: Clinically recognizable poliomyelitis was of infrequent occurrence among infants under 1 year of age. It was even more infrequent among infants in the first 6 months of life. This is in marked contrast to the findings in the 1950 epidemic in Israel, where one-third of all cases occurred in the first year of life, and one-tenth in infants in the first half year of life. Male infants exhibited a greater susceptibility to the disease than females. Fatalities in this age group were high, particularly among infants under 3 months, with some predominance of deaths in males. Under 1 year of age, non-paralytic poliomyelitis was unusual, especially in the first 6 months of life. Paralytic forms of the disorder were dominant, spinal involvement being more common than bulbar. Case fatality occurred chiefly in bulbar forms of the disease, as in older children and adults. The fatality rate was higher than in older children and higher than in all ages combined. The onset of poliomyelitis among infants under 1 year of age was variable. It was acute, with fever, or fever with nuchal spasm, or the triad of fever, nuchal spasm and spasm of back muscles. Temperature at onset of illness averaged 98.3°F.(36.8°C.), with a low of 97.6°F.(36.3°C.), and a high of 102°F.(38.8°C.). Temperatures recorded subsequently during the day of onset of illness were from 99.9°F. (37.7°C.) to 105°F.(40.5°C.), the mean being 102.8°F. (39.3°C.). The interval between onset of illness and first detection of paralysis averaged 5.5 days, with a spread from the day of onset to 25 days later. Paralysis of a single limb occurred more frequently than of 2 or more limbs, and the ratio of arm to leg paralysis was about 1 to 3. Initial spinal punctures in infants under 1 year were made on an average of 3.4 days after onset of illness in non-paralytic cases, and 5.7 days in paralytic cases. The spinal fluid was usually clear, with a mean count of 91 lymphocytes/mm. . The average sugar content was 55 mg./and protein 72 mg./100 ml. of fluid.

Early diagnosis of severe sepsis in children in the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekaterina BULATOVA ◽  
Nurila MALTABAROVA ◽  
Murat ZHUMABAYEV ◽  
Serik IRYMBETOV ◽  
Alexey KOKOSHKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Neonatal Immunity toBordetella pertussisInfection and Current Prevention Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Argondizo-Correia ◽  
Ana Kelly Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Cyro Alves de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Neonatal Immunity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Bordetella pertussisis the bacterial agent of whooping cough, an infectious disease that is reemerging despite high vaccine coverage. Newborn children are the most affected, not only because they are too young to be vaccinated but also due to qualitative and quantitative differences in their immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infection and severe manifestations, leading to a higher mortality rate comparing to other groups. Until recently, prevention consisted of vaccinating children in the first year of life and the herd vaccination of people directly in touch with them, but the increase in cases demands more effective strategies that can overcome the developing immune response in early life and induce protection while children are most vulnerable.

Fifty years of imported Lassa fever: a systematic review of primary and secondary cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Wolf ◽  
Regina Ellwanger ◽  
Udo Goetsch ◽  
Nils Wetzstein ◽  
Rene Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Rationale for Systematic Review Lassa fever is the most common cause of imported haemorrhagic fevers cases in non-endemic countries. As a disease with a high case fatality rate that has regularly caused clusters of nosocomial transmission in endemic areas, prompt diagnosis is vital. We conducted a systematic review of imported cases of the last 50 years with the aim of defining the clinical and epidemiological characteristics that will enhance early diagnosis, prompt initiation of treatment and an appropriate public health response to Lassa fever cases. Methods We performed a retrospective, systematic review of 36 primary and two secondary cases of Lassa fever in non-endemic countries outside West Africa by searching the PubMed database. This yielded 56 relevant publications that were included in our analysis. Results The case fatality rate of 35.1% for imported cases was higher than that reported for endemic countries. The majority of patients showed clinical features consistent with Lassa fever and had a typical exposure. There was a considerable delay in diagnosis in imported cases with high associated numbers of contacts. Ribavirin was rarely used for post-exposure prophylaxis. Only two secondary transmissions occurred. Thirty-one percent of patients received Lassa fever-specific treatment and five required intensive care. Conclusions Although importation of Lassa fever to non-endemic countries is a rare event, it has repeatedly happened over five decades. Suspicion of Lassa fever should be based on careful consideration of clinical features and exposure history in order to assist early diagnosis in returning travellers from West Africa.

scholarly journals CYP21 Genotype, Adult Height, and Pubertal Development in 55 Patients Treated for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5680-5688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Balsamo ◽  
Alessandro Cicognani ◽  
Lilia Baldazzi ◽  
Michela Barbaro ◽  
Federico Baronio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Target Height ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract In a retrospective study we evaluated long-term growth, pubertal developmental patterns to final height (FH), and medication in 55 patients (35 females) affected by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to predicted mutation severity: group A (11 women and 9 men), homozygous or compound heterozygous for null or In2 splice mutations [residual enzymatic activity (RA), <1%]; group B (11 women and 4 men), homozygous for I172N or R341P or R426H mutations (RA, ∼2–3%) or compound heterozygous with any of the group A or B mutations; and group C (13 women and 7 men), homozygous for P30L or V281L or P453S mutations (RA, >30%) or compound heterozygous with any of the group A, B, or C mutations. Three patients showed unclassifiable genotypes. FH was similar in the female groups, whereas male patients in group B were shorter than males in groups A and C. Fifty-five percent of patients in group A, 33% in group B, and 40% in group C reached an FH within 0.5 sd of target height. Four of the 7 patients diagnosed via neonatal screening achieved an FH equal to or above the target height. In the entire group, early diagnosis (<1 yr) improved height outcome. Early diagnosed CAH patients who received lower cortisol equivalent doses during the first year of life reached a better FH. Our results underline the importance of mineralocorticoid therapy, as CAH subjects in groups A and B who did not receive this treatment showed reduced FH. Early diagnosis, the use of more physiological cortisol equivalent dosages during the first year of life, and the extension of mineralocorticoid therapy to all classical patients are shown to improve the auxological outcome. Genotypic analysis helped to interpret the height results of our cases and prospectively may represent a useful tool for improving the therapeutic choice and the height outcome.

scholarly journals Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian health services

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Gowin ◽  
Jerzy Kuzma ◽  
Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rural Parents

Abstract Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services. Background This analysis aimed to assess rural parents’ knowledge about the diseases prevented by vaccinations and establish vaccination coverage in PNG. Methods Knowledge of vaccinations was checked through a standard questionnaire (five closed questions). We analyzed data on vaccination coverage from 2016 to 2018 from all Catholic health facilities. Analyzed vaccinations were the pentavalent vaccine (DTaP-HiB-HepB) and measles vaccine given in the first year of life. Coverage was calculated based on the number of vaccines used compared to the number of eligible children. Analyzed vaccinations were the pentavalent vaccine (DTaP-HiB-HepB) and measles vaccine given in the first year of life. Results Fifty-six parents, including 52 mothers and four fathers, participated in the interview. Many parents (46%) understood that the vaccine prevents diseases. During the analyzed period, 25,502 doses of measles vaccine were given, 31,428 children were vaccinated with the pentavalent vaccine. In 2016, the measles vaccine coverage rate was 26.6 and 33.4% for the pentavalent vaccine. In 2017, measles and pentavalent vaccines’ coverage rate was 12.5 and 16.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in immunization coverage between provinces. A decreasing trend in the number of administered vaccinations was observed. Conclusion The results of this analysis demonstrate that in PNG, the majority of children are not fully immunized. There are significant differences in the vaccination coverage between provinces. As protection from diseases is low, there is a very high risk of an outbreak of the vaccine-preventable disease in the community. Delivery of vaccinations in PNG encounters many barriers, from access to healthcare services to natural disasters and inter-tribial conflicts.

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