Combined Immunization During the First Year of Life 1. Effect of 4-Vaccination (Polio, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria, Tetanus) at the Age of 3, 41/2, and 6 Months

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
B. Mehlen ◽  
T. Mellbin ◽  
G. Olin ◽  
Bo Vahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Neonatal Immunity toBordetella pertussisInfection and Current Prevention Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Argondizo-Correia ◽  
Ana Kelly Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Cyro Alves de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Neonatal Immunity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Bordetella pertussisis the bacterial agent of whooping cough, an infectious disease that is reemerging despite high vaccine coverage. Newborn children are the most affected, not only because they are too young to be vaccinated but also due to qualitative and quantitative differences in their immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infection and severe manifestations, leading to a higher mortality rate comparing to other groups. Until recently, prevention consisted of vaccinating children in the first year of life and the herd vaccination of people directly in touch with them, but the increase in cases demands more effective strategies that can overcome the developing immune response in early life and induce protection while children are most vulnerable.

scholarly journals PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN – CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAMARA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Gasilina ◽  
S. M. Kitajchik ◽  
I. A. Gorelova ◽  
N. P. Kabanova ◽  
O. A. Fedoseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective:to study the features of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in children in the Samara region.Materials and methods: 389 cases of pertussis in the Samara region for 2015–2016 were analyzed.Results: it is shown that in spite of 95–98% vaccination coverage, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of whooping cough. Seasonality of morbidity remains. Among the children observed, the youngest children were not vaccinated against pertussis. The clinical picture of the disease remains typical with the classic course of catarrhal and spasmodic periods. Moderately severe forms of the disease predominate. Complications were noted mainly in unvaccinated children of the first year of life. The most frequent complications were pneumonia and apnea. There is a hypodiagnosis of pertussis in outpatient conditions. Infection often occurs under the mask of ARVI, while the sensitivity of the bacteriological method of diagnosis is zero. Of the methods for confirming the diagnosis, the most reliable is ELISA and PCR.Conclusion: these epidemiological and clinical features of pertussis current testify to the need to further improve methods of early diagnosis, especially express methods, etiopathagenetic treatment, specific prevention, antiepidemic measures in the foci of infection.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis isolation in general practice: 1977–79 whooping cough epidemic in West Glamorgan

1983 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kwantes ◽  
D. H. M. Joynson ◽  
W. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYSome of the factors influencing the isolation rate of Bordetella pertussis during a whooping cough epidemic in West Glamorgan, Wales, are reported. The organism was isolated from 39% of patients with clinical whooping cough, pernasal swabbing being much more successful than cough plates. Isolation rates were increased in the non-immunized, particularly in the first year of life. Erythromycin and co-trimoxazole significantly reduced the isolation rate of B. pertussis but this did not occur with penicillin. In this study 20 % of patients were culture positive 6 weeks after the onset of their infection. It is suggested that the Department of Health and Social Security recommendation of a minimum period of three weeks exclusion of children from school is inadequate. During the epidemic, the proportion of strains of B. pertussis containing antigen 2 more than doubled.

scholarly journals MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOOPING COUGH IN MOSCOW

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Mikheeva ◽  
N. N. Fomkina ◽  
M. A. Mikheeva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Timely Immunization ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life

The goal of the study was the identification of epidemiological features of whooping cough and assessment of economic losses due to this disease in Moscow.Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research is conducted. The statistical data on incidence of whooping cough in the Russian Federation and in Moscow from 2009 to June, 2018, the reports on registration of whooping cough cases as well as the results of laboratory testing on whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been studied. The general losses from whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been calculated.Results. The whooping cough incidence in Moscow considerably influences a situation on this infection in the country in general as more than 20% of all cases of whooping cough in Russia are registered in the capital, where the incidence exceed by 1.5–2.5 times the average country level. The incidence of whooping cough among children of 7–14 years and the share of this group of population in the structure of the whooping cough cases have increased in Moscow, and outbreaks of pertussis at schools are observed. In Moscow the general losses due to whooping cough in children of 7–14 years in 2017 were estimated as 19.72 million rubles. High performance of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough is confirmed: in Moscow in 2017 the coefficient of epidemiological efficiency of vaccination among children of 6-12 months was 97.7%, among children at the age of 1 year – 82.6%, 2 years -79.9%, 3 years – 74.9%. Weighted average of direct loss from a case of whooping cough was estimated as 31182.2 rubles. The general losses due to whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 were 67.88 million rubles.Conclusion. It is necessary to take additional measures for vaccinal prevention of whooping cough at children of school age and to support the high level of coverage by timely immunization of children of the first year of life. For assessment of economic feasibility of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough it is necessary to consider the size of economic losses due to this disease.

scholarly journals Apparent life-threatening events in neonates and infants of the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Korableva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

There are presented data on the apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) that may develop as a sudden, frightening episode with the cessation of breathing (apnea), skin discoloration (cyanosis, pallor, redness), violation of muscle tone: lowering (more often) or rigidity, with the presence of cough or breathlessness in the first year infant. ALTE incidence ranges from 0.46 to 10 per 1000 live births. Common causes of ALTE are established to be gastroesophageal reflux disease, viral infections of the lower respiratory tract, convulsions, whooping cough, sepsis and/or meningitis, arrhythmias or congenital malformations of the heart and respiratory hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, cases of child abuse. There are described history characteristics and features of the examination of ALTE survivors. Most of the ALTE babies are indicated to require hospitalization for cardiorespiratory monitoring within 24 hours after the event. A child older than 30 days suffered from first ALTE clearly associated with feeding, can be observed and examined on an outpatient basis. There is notes particular importance of the new medical and organizational technologies for the improvement of newborn health care, which will significantly promote the prevention of these conditions.

scholarly journals Pertussis in Children: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, the Possibilities of Vaccine Preventio

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Y. A. Bogvilenе ◽  
G. P. Martynova ◽  
S. V. Evreimova ◽  
B. L. Komarova ◽  
A. V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

Relevance. Despite the specific immunization carried out, pertussis still has great medical and social significance for pediatricians, since it continues to remain a common bacterial infection, involving children of different age groups in the epidemic process. The lack of persistent immunity to whooping cough, combined with a high susceptibility index, contributes to an increase in the incidence among schoolchildren and adolescents, who are diagnosed only during epidemiological and laboratory examinations, and who, in most cases, serve as sources of infection for young children. Aim. To study the clinical and epidemiological features of whooping cough in children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital under conditions of mass vaccine prevention, as well as to identify the features of the disease in vaccinated people using the example of an outbreak of the disease in an organized group. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 164 case histories of children diagnosed with Pertussis hospitalized in the infectious hospital of the Regional Interdistrict Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1 in Krasnoyarsk in 2015–2019, as well as 25 outpatient records of patients identified during the epidemiological investigation of the focus of infection in December 2019 was carried out. For the etiological interpretation of the diagnosis of whooping cough, a comprehensive laboratory examination was carried out using bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic research methods. Results. According to official statistics, in the Krasnoyarsk territory in 2019, among children with pertussis, patients aged 7 to 17 prevailed (38,7%). At the same time, in the age structure of patients hospitalized in a hospital, the primary importance was occupied by children of the first year of life, unvaccinated against this disease. Most of them were diagnosed with a moderate form of the disease with frequent development of complications from the respiratory and nervous systems. At the same time, among schoolchildren and adolescents, as a rule, who have received a completed course of vaccination, there is an atypical, erased course of the disease, while the difficulties of its diagnosis lead to a high incidence of pertussis in children of the first year of life who have not yet been protected by vaccination. Conclusions. Despite the high coverage of decreed groups with preventive vaccinations against whooping cough in the Krasnoyarsk territory, an assessment of the state of specific immunity based on the results of a serological survey conducted in 2019 revealed 50.6% of seronegative individuals already at the age of 3–4 years, which confirms the need to improve the schemes immunization against this disease; and inclusion of pertussis vaccination in the regional immunization schedule.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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