Inter and intra-population variation of leaf stomatal traits of Quercus robur L. in Northern Serbia

The research involved the examination of inter- and intra-population variation of stomatal traits: stomatal density, stomatal length and width, stomatal pore surface, potential conductance index and stomatal shape coefficient, in Quercus robur L. leaves. The research was conducted in northern Serbia and included five populations (?Ada Ciganlija?, ?Bojcinska suma?, ?Subotica?, ?Sombor? and ?Vrsac?). The stomatal characteristics were examined in fully expanded leaves, from two leaf positions - the sun-exposed and shaded side of the tree. The leaf position in the tree crown, forming a part of the phenotypic variance, was relevant for the stomatal dimension traits. Within populations, the differences between the genotypes (i.e. trees), were relevant for all analyzed traits. On the basis of the analysis of the inter-populational differences, the ?Bojcinska suma? population had a statistically significantly lower stomatal density in comparison to the other populations.

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Developmental integration cannot explain major features of stomatal anatomical evolution in seed plants

10.1101/2021.09.02.457988 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher D Muir ◽

Miquel Angel Conesa ◽

Jeroni Galmes ◽

Varsha S Pathare ◽

Patricia Rivera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Density ◽

Future Research ◽

Stomatal Development ◽

Developmental Constraints ◽

Stomatal Size ◽

Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts ◽

Stomatal Traits ◽

Mechanistic Basis ◽

Stomatal Length ◽

Variance Result

Developmental integration can cause traits to covary over macroevolutionary time and in some cases prevent populations from reaching their adaptive optima. Developmental integration between stomatal size and density may contribute to two major features of stomatal anatomical evolution: inverse size-density scaling and bimodal stomatal ratio. If these patterns result from developmental integration, we predicted that in amphistomatous leaves 1) stomatal size and density should covary similarly on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces and 2) stomatal traits (size and density) on each surface should covary isometrically. We synthesized data on stomatal density and length from amphistomatous leaves of 711 terrestrial seed plant taxa mostly from the literature. We estimated the covariance in divergence between stomatal traits from 327 phylogenetically independent contrasts using a robust Bayesian model. Adaxial stomatal density, but not length, is evolutionarily labile and not strongly integrated with stomatal length or abaxial stomatal density. Hence, developmental integration alone cannot explain inverse size-density scaling nor bimodal stomatal ratio. Quasi-independent evolution of stomatal anatomical traits facilitates largely unfettered access to fitness optima. If stomatal anatomical traits are near their current fitness optimum, this implies that limits on trait (co)variance result from selective rather than developmental constraints. However, we cannot rule out that developmental integration is important in some lineages. Future research should identify the mechanistic basis of(dis)integration in stomatal development.

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Leaf stomatal traits variation within and among fourteen European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1903937v ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 937-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erna Vastag ◽

Branislav Kovacevic ◽

Sasa Orlovic ◽

Lazar Kesic ◽

Mirjana Bojovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Guard Cell ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Principal Component ◽

European Beech ◽

Pore Surface ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Fagus Sylvatica L ◽

Stomatal Traits

In the present study, variations of leaf stomatal traits for fourteen European beech provenances (Fagus sylvatica L.), originating from six countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Romania and Serbia), were evaluated at the inter- and intra- provenances levels. Ten stomatal traits (stomatal density (SD), guard cell length (LA) and width (WB), stomatal aperture length (La) and width (Wb ), pore surface of guard cell (SPSLAWB), pore surface of a widely opened pore (SPSLaWb), coefficient (SSC), potential conductance index (PCI) and relative stomatal pore surface (RSPS)) were examined using methods of univariate (ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test) and multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis and cluster analysis). The results obtained provide significant insight into the genetic diversity and differentiation of European beech provenances and confirmed high genetic variability within and between examined European beech provenances, according to all examined parameters. Differences at the intra- provenance level had a bigger impact on most of the examined stomatal traits (with 70-80% of total variation), while differences at the inter- provenances level accounted for only 20-30% to the total expected variance. The results of PCA and canonical analysis suggest ecotypic pattern of genetic variability related to seed origin, which influenced leaf stomatal traits in F. sylvatica provenances. Forward stepwise discriminative analysis showed that WB, SD, PCI, SPSLaWb and Wb traits accounted for the same level of discrimination, as all the examined stomatal parameters together. However, the analysis detected considerably small correct allocation of the model that included all examined traits (only 38.85%). In order to discriminate examined beech provenances more precisely, additional phenotypical traits (e.g. morphological, physiological, etc.) should be included in the model.

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Difference between emergent aquatic and terrestrial monocotyledonous herbs in relation to the coordination of leaf stomata with vein traits

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/plaa047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Wanli Zhao ◽

Peili Fu ◽

Guolan Liu ◽

Ping Zhao

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Major Vein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leaf Veins ◽

Vein Diameter ◽

Stomatal Length

Abstract Emergent aquatic plants mostly occur in shallow waters and root in bottom substrates, but their leaves emerge from the water surface and are thus exposed to air, similar to the leaves of terrestrial plants. Previous studies have found coordination between leaf water supply and demand in terrestrial plants; however, whether such a coordination exists in emergent aquatic plants remains unknown. In this study, we analysed leaf veins and stomatal characteristics of 14 emergent aquatic and 13 terrestrial monocotyledonous herb species (EMH and TMH), with 5 EMH and 8 TMH belonging to Poaceae. We found that EMH had significantly higher mean leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal density, stomatal number per vein length and major vein diameter, but lower mean major vein length per area (VLA) and total VLA than TMH. There was no significant difference in stomatal length, minor VLA and minor vein diameter between the two groups. Stomatal density and total VLA were positively correlated among the EMH, TMH, as well as the 8 Poaceae TMH species, but this correlation became non-significant when data from both the groups were pooled. Our results showed that the differences in water supply between emergent aquatic and terrestrial plants modify the coordination of their leaf veins and stomatal traits.

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Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0796055m ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 55-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Slobodan Milanovic

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Host Plant ◽

Gypsy Moth ◽

Lymantria Dispar ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

The Other ◽

Study Results ◽

Quercus Cerris

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.

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Seed-source variation in water relations, gas exchange, and needle morphology of mature ponderosa pine trees

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-098 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bert M. Cregg

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

South Dakota ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Water Relations ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

The Other ◽

Seed Sources ◽

Needle Morphology

Xylem pressure potential (ψx), net photosynthesis (A), needle conductance (gn), and transpiration (E) were measured periodically throughout the 1991 growing season on 16 ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees growing in a 23-year-old provenance planting in eastern Nebraska. The trees studied were from four diverse sources: western Montana, northwest South Dakota, southern New Mexico, and central Arizona. In addition to water relations and gas exchange, specific leaf area, stomatal density, and surface to volume ratios were determined on 1-year-old foliage of each tree. Compared with the other seed sources, gas exchange of the South Dakota source was lowest early in the summer, when ψx was generally high, and highest in the late summer, when ψx declined. However, the relation of gn to ψx did not appear to differ among the seed sources. The South Dakota source had lower stomatal density and needle length than the other sources tested. No differences in specific leaf area or surface to volume ratio were observed. Overall, variation in physiology and needle morphology among seed sources of mature ponderosa pine appears to be more subtle than intraspecific variation of seedlings of other species reported in the literature.

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A quantitative genetic study of starvation resistance at different geographic scales in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672310000327 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

JULIETA GOENAGA ◽

JUAN JOSÉ FANARA ◽

ESTEBAN HASSON

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Food Shortage ◽

Population Variation ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Starvation Resistance ◽

Natural Genetic Variation ◽

Quantitative Genetic ◽

Variation Explained

SummaryFood shortage is a stress factor that commonly affects organisms in nature. Resistance to food shortage or starvation resistance (SR) is a complex quantitative trait with direct implications on fitness. However, surveys of natural genetic variation in SR at different geographic scales are scarce. Here, we have measured variation in SR in sets of lines derived from nine natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected in western Argentina. Our study shows that within population variation explained a larger proportion of overall phenotypic variance (80%) than among populations (7·2%). We also noticed that an important fraction of variation was sex-specific. Overall females were more resistant to starvation than males; however, the magnitude of the sexual dimorphism (SD) in SR varied among lines and explained a significant fraction of phenotypic variance in all populations. Estimates of cross-sex genetic correlations suggest that the genetic architecture of SR is only partially shared between sexes in the populations examined, thus, facilitating further evolution of the SD.

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Changes in Foliar Functional Traits of S. pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus under the Ongoing Climate Change: A Retrospective Survey

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9030395 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽

Adrián Escudero ◽

Daniel Sánchez Mata ◽

Rosario G. Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Density ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Adaptive Plasticity ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Stomatal Size ◽

Physiological Approach ◽

Stomatal Traits

The sensitivity of stomatal behavior and patterning (i.e., distribution, density, size) to environmental stimuli, renders them crucial for defining the physiological performance of leaves. Thus, assessing long-term modifications in stomatal traits in conserved specimens arises as a valuable eco-physiological approach to predict how the rising trend of warmer, drier summers could affect plant fitness; particularly in mountain areas already experiencing climate aggravation and lacking the related monitoring schemes like Mediterranean high-mountains. Variations in foliar and stomatal traits were studied in conserved specimens of Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus from Sierra de Guadarrama over the past 71 years. Our findings revealed decreasing trends in leaf width, stomatal size, and increasing tendency in stomatal density, all correlated with the recent 30-year climate exacerbation in these mountains. This evidenced a positive selection favoring traits that allow safeguarding plant performance under drier, hotter weather conditions. The significant relation between stomatal traits and climatic variables upholds the role of stomatal patterning in sensing environmental cues in this species, feasibly optimizing physiological responses involved in the growth–water loss trade-off. The transition to smaller, densely packed stomata observed in recent decades could indicate local-adaptive plasticity in this species, enhancing stomatal response, as coarser environmental conditions take place in Sierra de Guadarrama.

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Intra-Specific Venom Variation in the Australian Coastal Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12080485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 485 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theo Tasoulis ◽

Anjana Silva ◽

Punnam Chander Veerati ◽

Mark Baker ◽

Wayne C. Hodgson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Geographical Variation ◽

East Coast ◽

Population Variation ◽

The Other ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Two Populations

Intra-specific venom variation has the potential to provide important insights into the evolution of snake venom, but remains a relatively neglected aspect of snake venom studies. We investigated the venom from 13 individual coastal taipans Oxyuranus scutellatus from four localities on the north-east coast of Australia, spanning a distance of 2000 km. The intra-specific variation in taipan venom was considerably less than the inter-specific variation between it and the other Australian elapids to which it was compared. The electrophoretic venom profile of O. scutellatus was visually different to six other genera of Australian elapids, but not to its congener inland taipan O. microlepidotus. There was minimal geographical variation in taipan venom, as the intra-population variation exceeded the inter-population variation for enzymatic activity, procoagulant activity, and the abundance of neurotoxins. The pre-synaptic neurotoxin (taipoxin) was more abundant than the post-synaptic neurotoxins (3FTx), with a median of 11.0% (interquartile range (IQR): 9.7% to 18.3%; range: 6.7% to 23.6%) vs. a median of 3.4% (IQR: 0.4% to 6.7%; range: 0% to 8.1%). Three taipan individuals almost completely lacked post-synaptic neurotoxins, which was not associated with geography and occurred within two populations. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in taipan venom. Our study provides a basis for evaluating the significance of intra-specific venom variation within a phylogenetic context by comparing it to the inter-specific and inter-generic variation. The considerable intra-population variation we observed supports the use of several unpooled individuals from each population when making inter-specific comparisons.

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INFLUENCE OF SHADE ON STOMATAL DENSITY, LEAF SIZE AND OTHER LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MAJOR TROPICAL ROOT CROPS, TANNIA, SWEET POTATO, YAM, CASSAVA AND TARO

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700001071 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 509-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

I. C. ONWUEME ◽

M. JOHNSTON

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Leaf Size ◽

The Other ◽

Lower Epidermis

Since shading often occurs under normal growing conditions in various cropping systems (for example, intercropping, alley cropping), field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of shading on stomatal density, leaf size, leaf dry matter, and leaf lamina thickness in the major tropical root and tuber crops, tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea esculenta), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and taro (Colocasia esculenta). Shading decreased stomatal density in the lower epidermis of tannia, sweet potato, yam and cassava, and in the upper epidermis also in tannia and sweet potato; the upper epidermis of yam and cassava were devoid of stomata. In contrast to the other species, taro under shade had an increased stomatal density in both the upper and lower epidermis, a finding which was confirmed in subsequent pot experiments. This response of taro was postulated as a possible manifestation of greater shade adaptation by the species.For all the species, shading generally resulted in the production of larger (in terms of surface area) but thinner leaves, with a decreased dry matter concentration. For the two species (yam and cassava) that had stomata only on the lower epidermis, normal sun-grown plants had about twice as many stomata per unit area of lower epidermis than did corresponding plants of the other three species. The agronomic and physiological significance of the findings are discussed.

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Stomatal Density In Miscanthus Leaves

Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae ◽

10.1515/ahr-2015-0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

Žaneta Pauková ◽

Zuzana Jureková

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Unit Area ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Arable Land ◽

The South ◽

Stomatal Size ◽

Stomatal Length ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract In this study, the number of stomata per unit area was determined in the perennial energy grass of two genotypes Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deuter) and M. sinensis ‘Tatai’ on arable land in the South-western Slovakia. The dynamics of stomatal density per mm2 was determined by non-destructive method in three randomly selected clumps. The number of stomata per mm2 of area varied from 125 ±23 to 327 ±47, stomatal length ranged from 33.9 ±4.7 μm to 35.3 ±3.4 μm, and stomatal width ranged from 17.5 ±2.3 μm to 18.8 ±2.8 μm in the two genotypes. We confirmed ontogenetic heterogeneity of leaf area size and stomatal size parameters.

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