scholarly journals The effect of systematical factors on quantity and quality of sheep milk

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Dragana Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
M. Zujovic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Hereditary Nature

Quantity and quality of sheep milk represent framework of any research and development projects which have as an objective creation of prerequisites for production of highly valued dairy products, primarily cheeses. It is a known fact that milk production in sheep varies depending on many factors of hereditary nature, but also numerous environmental factors. The major factors are: breed, condition, breeding value, order of lactation, stage/phase of lactation, number of lambed offspring, nutrition, housing and health condition. Objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of major systematical factors on milk yield and quality of milk in populations reared in the region of Stara Planina mountain. Research is main component of the project carried out in the region of Stara Planina mountain - Visok. Sheep included in the research are representatives of Pirot Pramenka and Pirot improved population. Investigation included three herds of 100-300 sheep, control of milk yield was carried out using standard method once a month, and quality of milk was determined on apparatus of the milk-test type. For processing of data in analysis of systematical influences we applied procedure of linear model, observing the effects of the year, order of lactation, type of lambing of dam and size of litter. Based on the performed research, processed and presented results we can conclude that the milk yield of investigated sheep of both genotypes varied depending on the year and lactation. The highest milk quantity was registered in the third year and third lactation, which was statistically significant in case of both genotypes. In the first and second year of research, as well as order of lactation, milk yield was different, or in other words we could observe considerable increase in the second year and second lactation, also significant. In both genotypes, values of mutual differences are neglect able and statistically insignificant. Content of fat and proteins in sheep milk from both observed populations decreased slightly from the first to third year, as well as from the first to third lactation, and observed differences were statistically significant. Sheep born as singles had slightly higher milk yield, and determined difference wasn?t statistically significant. Deviations in regard to the content of fat and proteins weren?t great, which indicated that type of lambing had no significant effect on these sheep milk traits. Breeding sheep which have lambed and reared two lambs had higher milk yield, and determined differences were statistically significant. Size of litter had no significant effect on content of fat and protein considering that established differences weren?t statistically significant.

scholarly journals Combining of dairy cattle and sheep breeding ‒ perspective or last choice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 838-844
Author(s):  
I.V. Goncharenko ◽  
D.T. Vinnichuk ◽  
N.V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

<p><span lang="EN-US">The data presented gives ground for the expediency of the accelerated development of milk and meat sheep breeding in Ukraine, which is economically effectively combined with a dairy cattle breeding with an expanded reproduction of Holstein cattle, which milk quality does not yet fully meet the modern requirements. <span>The materials of in-house study on the quality of milk of H<span>olstein</span><span> cows breed </span>are summarized, the data of the physicochemical composition of sheep milk are given. The experience of studying the dairy productivity of sheep shows that this type of product is of significant importance in the overall balance of gross income of sheep breeding. Comparing a milk yield of a sheep with a milk yield of a dairy cow, not by the gross quantity of milk, but by its equivalents of chemical composition, we have: milk yields of 1 cow are equivalent to the yield of 4-6 sheep. The issues of sheep milk productivity with the purpose of production of sheep's milk and its processing should be reconsidered for obtaining valuable nutritious products - hard cheeses which have an export significance. </span>It is theoretically possible to combine and accelerate the development of cattle and sheep breeding with the formation of specialized dairy stock farming.</span></p>

scholarly journals Milk Composition and Quality of Sahiwal – Friesian Crossbred Cow Studied in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAI Talukder ◽  
JM Panandam ◽  
Y Halimatun ◽  
I Idris
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Six groups of Sahiwal-Friesian crossbred cows, namely M50-1, M50-2, M50-3, M56, M63 and M75-1 were evaluated. In total 180 cows were used and milk collected was evaluated for composition and quality. The effect of genotypes was significant (P?0.05) only for titrable acidity (TA) and milk yield (MY). The M50-1 had the highest milk yield per day (8.73 ± 1.65 kg) but this was not significantly different from the yields of M50-3, M56 and M75-1 (7.06 ± 0.84, 7.06 ± 0.96, 7.70 ± 0.82 kg), respectively. Lactation stage had significant (P?0.05) effect on milk yield, fat content, solids-not fat (SNF) content, total solid (TS) content, moisture content and specific gravity (Sp. Gr). Fat content at early lactation was significantly (P?0.01) lower than at middle and late lactation (3.69 vs 4.27 and 4.50, respectively). SNF content for middle lactation was significantly lower (P?0.05) than that at early and late lactations. At late lactation, TS and moisture contents were significantly (P?0.05) higher than those at early lactation. The range of milk composition and quality such as fat (3.96 - 4.50%), SNF (9.02 - 9.40%), TS (13.01-13.81%), moisture (86.26 - 87.07%), Sp.Gr. (1.030- 1.031), pH (6.74 - 6.91), TA (0.13 - 0.15%), MBRT (6.50 -7.40 h) belonged to normal range. M50-1, M50-3, M56 and M75-1 had higher test day milk yield. The optimum level of Friesian inheritance in combination with Sahiwal for MY appeared to be 75%, 56% and 50% with selection for milk production. The composition and quality of milk from the Sahiwal - Friesian crossbred cows met the required standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17488 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 58-65

scholarly journals The Effect of the Lactation Stage on Milk Yield, Composition and Renneting Parameters of Milk in Sheep Reared Under Intensive Nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona Konečná ◽  
Jan Kuchtík ◽  
Markéta Sedláková ◽  
Květoslava Šustová ◽  
Radek Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health State ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The aim of our experiment was to assess changes in milk yield, composition and renneting parameters (pH, titratable acidity, coagulation time and curd quality) of sheep milk in the course of lactation and their relationships in the Lacaune ewes (n = 8), reared under intensive nutrition. The stage of lactation (SL) had a conclusive effect on the daily milk yield (DMY) and contents of all basic milk compounds. The DMY and fat content were relatively high during whole lactation. In our opinion these trends were influenced by the quite intensive nutrition. The SL had inconclusive effect on pH. In contrast, the SL had a conclusive effect on titratable acidity (TA) of milk. The correlations between the pH and all other indicators, with the exception of the coagulation time (CT), were inconclusive. Also most correlations between the TA and all other indicators monitored were inconclusive. The SL had inconclusive effect on the CT and curd quality (CQ). In our opinion, relatively balanced values of the CT and CQ during lactation indicate on the good health state and correct nutrition of ewes.

Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Direct Detection of Brucella spp. in Milk and Cheese

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. TANTILLO ◽  
A. DI PINTO ◽  
A. VERGARA ◽  
C. BUONAVOGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

A polymerase chain reaction test was developed to detect Brucella spp. directly in milk and cheese and optimized using primers for the BSCP-31 gene. A total of 46 cheese samples produced with sheep and goats milk were assayed, and Brucella spp. was detected in 46% of them, especially in cheese made from sheep milk. This method is of remarkable epidemiologic interest because it is an indirect test indicating the sanitary quality of milk used in dairy industries. The method showed good sensitivity and specificity. It is faster and less expensive than the conventional bacteriological assays.

Effects of Lactation Stage and Parity on Milk Yield, Composition and Properties of Organic Sheep Milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Novotná ◽  
J. Kuchtík ◽  
K. [Sbreve]ustová ◽  
D. Zapletal ◽  
R. Filip[cbreve]ík
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage

Hygienic quality, milk yield and basic composition of sheep milk depending on the stage of lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sylwia Bielińska-Nowak ◽  
Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Sheep Milk

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the stage of lactation on the yield and quality of sheep milk. The material for the investigation was milk from morning milking of 30 East Friesian sheep in their third to fifth lactation. Milking began after the lambs were weaned and continued for about 120 days. Milk samples were collected individually from the sheep in three stages of lactation: at its peak, during the stabilized stage and at the end (late) lactation. Daily milk yield, total bacterial count, somatic cell count and the basic composition of the milk were determined. The microbiological quality of the milk was very high and the somatic cell count was favourable. As lactation progressed the somatic cell count increased while microbiological quality remained stable. At the end of lactation a significant increase was noted in the concentration of dry matter, protein and fat, accompanied by a decrease in lactose concentration, in comparison with the peak of lactation. Yield was shown to be negatively correlated with fat (–0.63; p≤0.01) and dry matter (–0.53; p≤0.01) and positively correlated with lactose (0.61; p≤0.01).

scholarly journals Effect of β-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism, lactation stage and breed on milk traits in Chios and Karagouniko sheep breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas A. Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
Panagiota Koutsouli ◽  
Athanassios Kandris ◽  
Dimitris Papachristou ◽  
Kalliopi E. Markopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract The animal selection with favourable phenotypes of the past has been, currently, replaced by the genotype selection on quantitative traits, assisted by the expanding molecular techniques in the context of livestock improvement. In this study, the c.112T>C polymorphism in exon II of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) gene was investigated in Karagouniko and Chios sheep breeds by using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and possible associations with milk traits were examined. In total, 125 blood DNA samples were isolated for PCR-RFLP analysis and the respective 217 milk samples′ composition profile was obtained. The goodness of fit test to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for β-LG genotypes was estimated and associations found between β-LG genotypes and raw milk composition. Two alleles and three genotypes were observed (AA, AB and BB) in both breeds, and Chios breed significantly deviated (P≤0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Conclusively, linear mixed model analysis on samples, from both breeds collectively, showed significant effects of β-LG genotype on lactose percentage and somatic cell count (SCC), lactation stage on daily milk yield and protein, while the breed effect was significant only on daily milk yield.

Lactation curves of Sarda breed goats estimated with test day models

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò PP Macciotta ◽  
Pancrazio Fresi ◽  
Graziano Usai ◽  
Aldo Cappio-Borlino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Parity Number

Test day records of milk yield (38765), fat and protein contents (11357) of Sarda goats (the most numerous Italian goat breed) were analysed with mixed linear models in order to estimate the effects of test date (month and year of kidding for fat and protein contents) parity, number of kids born, altitude of location of flocks (<200 m asl, 200–500 m asl, >500 m asl), flocks within altitude and lactation stage (eight days-in-milk intervals of 30 d each) on milk production. All factors considered in the models affected milk traits significantly. Milk yield was lower in first parity goats than in higher parities whereas fat and protein contents showed an opposite trend. Goats with two kids at parturition had a higher milk yield than goats with one kid and tended to have lower fat and protein percentages. Repeatability between test days within lactation was 0·34, 0·17 and 0·45 for milk yield, fat content and protein content, respectively. Lactation curves of goats farmed at different altitudes were clearly separated, especially for milk yield. Results of the present study highlight differences in milk production traits among the three subpopulations that have been previously identified within the Sarda breed on the basis of the morphological structure of animals and altitude of location of flocks.

scholarly journals The influence of THI values at different periods of lactation on milk quality and characteristics of lactation curve

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Cincovic ◽  
Branislava Belic ◽  
Bojan Toholj ◽  
Ivan Radovic ◽  
Bojana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The experiment included 90 cows. Cows were chosen according to the time of calving, so that the first third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G1), the second third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G2), and in the last 30 cows the last third of lactation was in summer period (G3). The value of THI was between 72 and 82, which indicates the existence of the moderate intensity of heat stress. Heat stress does not damage the milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage on the level of the whole lactation, regardless of the lactation period in which the cows were exposed to stress. There was no correlation between THI and milk yield and quality at the level of the whole lactation. Heat stress did not show a significant effect on the parameters of lactation curve, except the peak of yield, which occurred later in cows exposed to heat stress. Increased value of THI showed nonsignificant effect on yield and quality of milk in the first third of lactation. In the middle and at the end of lactation THI was in a significant negative correlation with the yield and quality of milk. Our study showed a significantly lower heat-induced milk yield, milk fat and protein percent in the middle and at the end of lactation.

scholarly journals The Use of Teat-End Hyperkeratosis to Predict Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality of Holstein Cows Raised in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
S. Abdelghany ◽  
N. H. Fahim ◽  
F. Samir ◽  
M. A. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Unit Increase

The study aimed to investigate the association between teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) and somatic cell count (SCC) and to assess the effect of SCC on milk yield, fat, and protein percentages of Holstein cows. A total of 740 udder quarters of 185 Holstein cows kept in three commercial herds in Egypt were enrolled in the study from May to September 2019. Foremilk samples were collected from udder quarters for assessing milk SCC, fat, and protein percentages. On the same cows, a digital picture of each teat end orifice was taken with a digital camera. Cows’ teats were assessed for THK and classified into two different groups of hyperkeratosis; mild and severe THK. SCC was converted to five classes of somatic cell score (SCS). Simple linear regression was performed to determine the loss of milk yield, fat, and protein percentages. SCC was significantly affected by THK (p<0.0001). About 57% of teats were classified as mild THK and 43% as severe THK. The teats with severe THK recorded higher SCC in milk. It was observed that SCS had a significant effect on fat and protein percentages (p<0.0001). A similar trend was shown for the effect of SCS on milk yield (p<0.05), where the highest values of milk traits were obtained for the lowest SCS. The loss of milk was 220 g/day. Also, fat and protein percentages decreased by 0.11% and 0.08%, respectively, for each unit increase in SCS, from zero to four. In conclusion, severe THK can lead to high SCC, which negatively affects milk traits.

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