scholarly journals Classification of spent Li-ion batteries based on ICP-OES/X-ray characterization of the cathode materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Dragana Medic ◽  
Snezana Milic ◽  
Sladjana Alagic ◽  
Ivan Djordjevic ◽  
Silvana Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spent Libs

Development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during the latest decades resulted in improved performances of the new integrated cathode materials and in their wide applications. This rapid expansion of new materials led to the intensive replacement of the old-fashioned, traditional materials and increased a simultaneous accumulation of both kinds of materials at extremely hazardous electronic waste sites, which additionally increased an urgent need for their recycling. Most importantly, in this way, spent LIBs may further serve as a significant source of valuable metals such as Li and cobalt. However, one of the key problems in LIBs recycling is the absence of a precise battery classification/sorting based on the chemical composition of the used cathode material. In this paper, characterization of the cathode material was performed regarding chemical composition of 40 samples of spent LIBs using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Preparation of the samples, (pretreatment) included: discharging, dismantling, separation of the main components (cathode, anode and the separator), and detachment of the cathode material from the aluminium foil. The obtained results showed that, in the investigated commercially available LIBs, lithium cobalt oxide was the most frequently used (cathode) material.

Preparation and Effect of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-Coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3465
Author(s):  
Mi-Ra Shin ◽  
Seon-Jin Lee ◽  
Seong-Jae Kim ◽  
Tae-Whan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Discharge Capacities

Surface coating using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) has been applied to improve the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode materials. The APTES coating layer on the surface of NCM523 protects the direct contact area between the cathode material and the electrolyte, and facilitates the presence of electrons through the abundance of electron-rich amine groups, thereby improving electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the existence of APTES coating layers on the surface of NCM523 cathode materials, revealing three peaks—N1s, O1s, and Si1s—that were not identified in bare NCM523. In addition, the discharge capacities of the bare electrode and the APTES-coated NCM523 electrode were 121.06 mAh/g and 156.43 mAh/g, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the use of an APTES coating on NCM523 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries has never been reported.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Zhang ◽  
Zhongxing Du ◽  
Yaqun He ◽  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
Weining Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Spent Libs

The recovery of cathode and anode materials plays an important role in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Organic binders reduce the liberation efficiency and flotation efficiency of electrode materials derived from spent LIBs. In this study, pyrolysis technology is used to improve the recovery of cathode and anode materials from spent LIBs by removing organic binders. Pyrolysis characteristics of organics in electrode materials are investigated, and on this basis, the effects of pyrolysis parameters on the liberation efficiency of electrode materials are studied. Afterwards, flotation technology is used to separate cathode material from anode material. The results indicate that the optimum liberation efficiency of electrode materials is obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, a pyrolysis time of 15 min and a pyrolysis heating rate of 10 °C/min. At this time, the liberation efficiency of cathode materials is 98.23% and the liberation efficiency of anode materials is 98.89%. Phase characteristics of electrode materials cannot be changed under these pyrolysis conditions. Ultrasonic cleaning was used to remove pyrolytic residues to further improve the flotation efficiency of electrode materials. The cathode material grade was up to 93.89% with a recovery of 96.88% in the flotation process.

scholarly journals Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Alena Wittkowski ◽  
Thomas Schirmer ◽  
Hao Qiu ◽  
Daniel Goldmann ◽  
Ursula E. A. Fittschen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Spinel Solid Solution ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray

Lithium aluminum oxide has previously been identified to be a suitable compound to recover lithium (Li) from Li-ion battery recycling slags. Its formation is hampered in the presence of high concentrations of manganese (9 wt.% MnO2). In this study, mock-up slags of the system Li2O-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnOx with up to 17 mol% MnO2-content were prepared. The manganese (Mn)-bearing phases were characterized with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis (XANES). The XRD results confirm the decrease of LiAlO2 phases from Mn-poor slags (7 mol% MnO2) to Mn-rich slags (17 mol% MnO2). The Mn-rich grains are predominantly present as idiomorphic and relatively large (>50 µm) crystals. XRD, EPMA and XANES suggest that manganese is present in the form of a spinel solid solution. The absence of light elements besides Li and O allowed to estimate the Li content in the Mn-rich grain, and to determine a generic stoichiometry of the spinel solid solution, i.e., (Li(2x)Mn2+(1−x))1+x(Al(2−z),Mn3+z)O4. The coefficients x and z were determined at several locations of the grain. It is shown that the aluminum concentration decreases, while the manganese concentration increases from the start (x: 0.27; z: 0.54) to the end (x: 0.34; z: 1.55) of the crystallization.

Solgel Self-Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Fe0.2O3

2011 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Javaid Siddiqui ◽  
Jin Hao Qiu ◽  
Kong Jun Zhu ◽  
Hong Li Ji
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Synthesized Materials

La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 has been synthesized by solgel synthesis employing the EDTA complexing method and solgel self combustion using PVA as fuel and nitrates as oxidizing agent. The effect of these techniques on the phase purity, crystallinity and particle size has been studied. Different techniques including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric/Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP-ES) have been utilized for the characterization of the synthesized materials.

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