scholarly journals Results of tuyere coke sampling with regard to application of appropriate coke strength after reaction (CSR) for a blast furnace

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-S. Shiau ◽  
Y-C. Ko ◽  
C-K. Ho ◽  
M-T. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Coke Strength ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Coke Strength After Reaction ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Coke Fines ◽  
The Difference

Raising pulverized coal injection (PCI) will decrease coke rate, but increase the residence time of coke and abrasion in the blast furnace (BF). Thus, insufficient coke strength will generate more coke fines in the lower BF and result in lower permeability and production of hot metal (HM). For understanding the behavior of coke at various HM productivities, a tuyere coke sampler was used to collect the coke samples for measuring the coke strength. Firstly, the difference of sampled coke under the conditions of various HM productivities was explored. Secondly, the BF operating conditions and causes of generating more coke fines was correlated by testing the coke reaction rate after reaction. Finally, according to the above analysis results, the relative regression equations had been obtained for sampling coke properties, BF operation conditions and BF permeability. Furthermore, the coke strength after reaction (CSR) quantitative target and its online system at various blast conditions were set to provide some reference for coke and HM production.

Real-time indices focus on slag flowability and coke strength for blast furnace operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Jia-Shyan Shiau
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Coke Strength ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
Coke Strength After Reaction ◽  
Model Equations

It was well known that abnormal burden quality has a significant impact on the blast furnace (BF) permeability resulting in bad slag flowability and HM tapping, and the coke fines inside BF become much finer to reduce HM production and BF life when the coke strength is weak. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the real-time operation indices of the slag flowability and coke strength after reaction (CSR) in a lower part of BF. BF slag flowability was determined with liquidus temperature and viscosity from measured semi-synthetic slags (SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-TiO2), and the effects of MgO content, Al2O3 content and CaO/SiO2 on slag flowability are investigated according to the model equations derived from above measured data by using multiple-regression method. A real-time index combined with viscosity and liquidus temperature has been also designed to indicate appropriate slag flowability. In addition, a coke sampler was used to collect the coke samples at tuyere level to analyze the strength of BF bosh coke at various HM productivities. CSR quantitative target and its online index were obtained from the data of sampling coke properties, BF operation conditions and BF permeability to provide real-time reference for coke and HM production.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of 3D Hot Metal Flow Characteristics in a Blast Furnace Hearth

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenn Q. Zhou ◽  
D. (Frank) Huang ◽  
Yongfu Zhao ◽  
Pinakin Chaubal
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Furnace Hearth ◽  
Blast Furnace Hearth ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

The campaign life of an iron blast furnace depends on hearth wear. Distributions of liquid iron flow and refractory temperatures have a significant influence on hearth wear. A 3D comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model has been developed specifically for simulating the blast furnace hearth. It includes both the hot metal flow and the conjugate heat transfer through the refractories. The model has been extensively validated using measurement data from Mittal Steel old, new IH7 blast furnace and U.S. Steel 13 blast furnace. Good agreements between measured and calculated refractory temperature profiles have been achieved. It has been used to analyze the velocity and temperature distributions and wear patterns of different furnaces and operating conditions. The results can be used to predict the inner profile of hearth and to provide guidance for protecting the hearth.

Study on the Index of Metallurgical Coke Strength after Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Xing Juan Wang ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Shuang Ying Wang ◽  
Li Guang Zhu ◽  
Jue Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Coke Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace Coke ◽  
Coke Strength After Reaction

The blast furnace coke plays four roles as exothermic agent, reducer, carburizer and framework. The former three roles can be played by other fuels, but the role as framework still can’t be played by other fuels by now. In order to ensure its skeleton role, it must be sure that the coke has enough high-temperature strength. This research uses KSJ decarbonizing electric furnace, drum-I and high temperature compressive testing machine to furthest simulate the coke’s actual actions in the blast furnace. The research indicates that comparing with the reactivity and strength index after reaction of coke GB4000-1996, the blast furnace coke’s high temperature compressive strength under a certain temperature and a certain carbon loss rate can give a more comprehensive evaluation of the quality of coke.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN BATU BARA LOKAL DAN IMPOR TERHADAP KUALITAS KOKAS PT ABC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safril Kartika Wardana ◽  
Babay Bayquni ◽  
M. Guntur Perkasa ◽  
Zikri A. Wafi
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Coke Strength ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Coke Strength After Reaction

Kokas merupakan hasil karbonisasi batu bara tanpa kontak udara yang menyebabkan berkurangnya kandungan zat terbang pada batu bara sehingga nilai karbon tertambatnya menjadi meningkat. Kokas digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dan bahan pereduksi besi dalam proses pembuatan baja dalam teknologi blast furnace. Kokas yang digunakan harus memenuhi parameter kimia dan fisik yang dipersyaratkan karena memiliki peranan penting dalam meningkatkan produktifitas pembuatan baja. Parameter kimia yang dibutuhkan pada kokas yaitu nilai kadar air, kadar zat terbang, kadar abu, kadar karbon tertambat, sedangkan untuk pengujian kualitas kokas didasarkan pada dua indek degradasi yaitu CRI (coke reaction index) dan CSR (coke strength after reaction). Tidak semua batu bara lokal memiliki kualitas yang memenuhi parameter yang dipersyaratkan, seperti batu bara Adaro dan Marunda Graha Mineral (MGM) dari Kalimantan yang memiliki kualitas dibawah standar yang dipersyaratkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan batu bara sesuai dengan standar yang dipersyaratkan PT ABC melalui pencampuran atau blending batu bara lokal dengan batu bara impor German Creek 8 (GC-8) dan Moranbah North (MN) yang memiliki kualitas yang lebih bagus. Proses karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 1000ºC selama 1 jam dalam suatu tungku. Variasi komposisi yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga variasi. Selanjutnya kokas hasil karbonisasi dilakukan pengujian. Dari beberapa parameter kualitas kokas yang dipersyaratkan oleh PT ABC didapat hasil kadar air ketiga variasi sampel masih memiliki kadar air yang dipersyaratkan yaitu dibawah 4%, Kadar zat terbang ketiga variasi sampel masih memenuhi nilai yang dipersyaratkan yaitu

scholarly journals Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7706
Author(s):  
Tova Jarnerud ◽  
Andrey V. Karasev ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Frida Bäck ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Fuel Rate ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

A six day industrial trial using hydrochar as part of the carbon source for hot metal production was performed in a production blast furnace (BF). The hydrochar came from two types of feedstocks, namely an organic mixed biosludge generated from pulp and paper production and an organic green waste residue. These sludges and residues were upgraded to hydrochar in the form of pellets by using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. Then, the hydrochar pellets were pressed into briquettes together with commonly used briquetting material (in-plant fines such as fines from pellets and scraps, dust, etc. generated from the steel plant) and the briquettes were top charged into the blast furnace. In total, 418 tons of hydrochar briquettes were produced. The aim of the trials was to investigate the stability and productivity of the blast furnace during charging of these experimental briquettes. The results show that briquettes containing hydrochar from pulp and paper industries waste and green waste can partially be used for charging in blast furnaces together with conventional briquettes. Most of the technological parameters of the BF process, such as the production rate of hot metal (<1.5% difference between reference days and trial days), amount of dust, fuel rate and amount of injected coal, amount of slag, as well as contents of FeO in slag and %C, %S and %P in the hot metal in the experimental trials were very similar compared to those in the reference periods (two days before and two days after the trials) without using these experimental charge materials. Thus, it was proven that hydrochar derived from various types of organic residues could be used for metallurgical applications. While in this trial campaign only small amounts of hydrochar were used, nevertheless, these positive results support our efforts to perform more in-depth investigations in this direction in the future.

scholarly journals A Tamper-Resistant Algorithm Using Blockchain for the Digital Tachograph

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Yongbae Kim ◽  
Juyong Back ◽  
Jongweon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Suggested Algorithm ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verification Test

A tachograph in a vehicle records the vehicle operating conditions, such as speed, distance, brake operation conditions, acceleration, GPS information, etc., in intervals of one second. For accidents, the tachograph records information, such as the acceleration and direction of a vehicle traveling in intervals of 1/100 s for 10 s before and after the accident occurs as collision data. A vehicle equipped with a tachograph is obliged to upload operation data to administrative organizations periodically via other auxiliary storage devices like a USB attached external memory or online wireless communication. If there is a problem with the recorded contents, data may be at risk of being tampered with during the uploading process. This research proposed tamper-resistant technology based on blockchain for data in online and offline environments. The suggested algorithm proposed a new data recording mechanism that operates in low-level hardware of digital tachographs for tamper-resistance in light blockchains and on/offline situations. The average encoding time of the proposed light blockchain was 1.85 ms/Mb, while the average decoding time was 1.65 ms/Mb. With the outliers in statistical tests removed, the estimated average encoding and decoding time was 1.32 ms/Mb and 1.29 ms/Mb, respectively, and the tamper verification test detected all the tampered data.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Real-Life Industrial Reactor for Hydrogenation of Benzene Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Mirosław K. Szukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Industrial Reactor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

A dynamic model of the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane reaction in a real-life industrial reactor is elaborated. Transformations of the model leading to satisfactory results are presented and discussed. Operating conditions accepted in the simulations are identical to those observed in the chemical plant. Under those conditions, some components of the reaction mixture vanish, and the diffusion coefficients of the components vary along the reactor (they are strongly concentration-dependent). We came up with a final reactor model predicting with reasonable accuracy the reaction mixture’s outlet composition and temperature profile throughout the process. Additionally, the model enables the anticipation of catalyst activity and the remaining deactivated catalyst lifetime. Conclusions concerning reactor operation conditions resulting from the simulations are presented as well. Since the model provides deep insight into the process of simulating, it allows us to make knowledge-based decisions. It should be pointed out that improvements in the process run, related to operating conditions, or catalyst application, or both on account of the high scale of the process and its expected growth, will remarkably influence both the profits and environmental protection.

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