scholarly journals A Tamper-Resistant Algorithm Using Blockchain for the Digital Tachograph

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Yongbae Kim ◽  
Juyong Back ◽  
Jongweon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Suggested Algorithm ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verification Test

A tachograph in a vehicle records the vehicle operating conditions, such as speed, distance, brake operation conditions, acceleration, GPS information, etc., in intervals of one second. For accidents, the tachograph records information, such as the acceleration and direction of a vehicle traveling in intervals of 1/100 s for 10 s before and after the accident occurs as collision data. A vehicle equipped with a tachograph is obliged to upload operation data to administrative organizations periodically via other auxiliary storage devices like a USB attached external memory or online wireless communication. If there is a problem with the recorded contents, data may be at risk of being tampered with during the uploading process. This research proposed tamper-resistant technology based on blockchain for data in online and offline environments. The suggested algorithm proposed a new data recording mechanism that operates in low-level hardware of digital tachographs for tamper-resistance in light blockchains and on/offline situations. The average encoding time of the proposed light blockchain was 1.85 ms/Mb, while the average decoding time was 1.65 ms/Mb. With the outliers in statistical tests removed, the estimated average encoding and decoding time was 1.32 ms/Mb and 1.29 ms/Mb, respectively, and the tamper verification test detected all the tampered data.

scholarly journals AB0655 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1360.1-1360
Author(s):  
M. Jordhani ◽  
D. Ruci ◽  
F. Skana ◽  
E. Memlika
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background:The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a great impact on world population due to morbidity, mortality and restriction measures in order to stop the progression of COVID-19.Patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletic diseases, and especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, being one of the vulnerable classes of chronic patients, were recommended to follow the government’s rules1.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate DAS-28-ESR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after lockdown period.Methods:This is a multi-center observational study including 85 patients which were evaluated before and after lockdown for their disease activity score according to DAS-28-ESR score. They had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis more than 5 years ago. A thorough physical examination was performed before and after the lockdown period. It included examination of tender and swollen joints and patient’s global health. They were completed with all required laboratory data, including erythrosedimentation rate. For a more accurate calculation, DAS-28-ESR was used in an electronic version. Patients with other inflammatory or infective diseases were excluded from the study. All data were statistically evaluated using statistical tests such as t-student test.Results:The first group (the one before lockdown) had an average DAS-28-ESR of 4.7 while after the lockdown period, the average DAS-28-ESR was 5.16.After statistically evaluating all data, it was found that there exists a significant difference between DAS-28-ESR score before and after COVID-19 lockdown (p=0.0011).Conclusion:Our study showed that lockdown period due to COVID-19 pandemic, has aggravated disease activity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. This may be consequence of various causes such as physical inactivity and difficulty to follow-up or to take the medication properly.References:[1]Landewé RB, Machado PM, Kroon F, et al, EULAR provisional recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the context of SARS-CoV-2, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2020;79:851-858.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Micromagnetic Characterization of Operation-Induced Damage in Charpy Specimens of RPV Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2917
Author(s):  
Madalina Rabung ◽  
Melanie Kopp ◽  
Antal Gasparics ◽  
Gábor Vértesy ◽  
Ildikó Szenthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Pressure Vessel Steel ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Vessel Steel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Magnetic Adaptive Testing

The embrittlement of two types of nuclear pressure vessel steel, 15Kh2NMFA and A508 Cl.2, was studied using two different methods of magnetic nondestructive testing: micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis (3MA-X8) and magnetic adaptive testing (MAT). The microstructure and mechanical properties of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials are modified due to neutron irradiation; this material degradation can be characterized using magnetic methods. For the first time, the progressive change in material properties due to neutron irradiation was investigated on the same specimens, before and after neutron irradiation. A correlation was found between magnetic characteristics and neutron-irradiation-induced damage, regardless of the type of material or the applied measurement technique. The results of the individual micromagnetic measurements proved their suitability for characterizing the degradation of RPV steel caused by simulated operating conditions. A calibration/training procedure was applied on the merged outcome of both testing methods, producing excellent results in predicting transition temperature, yield strength, and mechanical hardness for both materials.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Real-Life Industrial Reactor for Hydrogenation of Benzene Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Mirosław K. Szukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Industrial Reactor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

A dynamic model of the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane reaction in a real-life industrial reactor is elaborated. Transformations of the model leading to satisfactory results are presented and discussed. Operating conditions accepted in the simulations are identical to those observed in the chemical plant. Under those conditions, some components of the reaction mixture vanish, and the diffusion coefficients of the components vary along the reactor (they are strongly concentration-dependent). We came up with a final reactor model predicting with reasonable accuracy the reaction mixture’s outlet composition and temperature profile throughout the process. Additionally, the model enables the anticipation of catalyst activity and the remaining deactivated catalyst lifetime. Conclusions concerning reactor operation conditions resulting from the simulations are presented as well. Since the model provides deep insight into the process of simulating, it allows us to make knowledge-based decisions. It should be pointed out that improvements in the process run, related to operating conditions, or catalyst application, or both on account of the high scale of the process and its expected growth, will remarkably influence both the profits and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Testing the Validity of a Link Function Assumption in Repeated Type-II Censored General Step-Stress Experiments

Sankhya B ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bedbur ◽  
Thomas Seiche
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Link Function ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
General Step

AbstractIn step-stress experiments, test units are successively exposed to higher usually increasing levels of stress to cause earlier failures and to shorten the duration of the experiment. When parameters are associated with the stress levels, one problem is to estimate the parameter corresponding to normal operating conditions based on failure data obtained under higher stress levels. For this purpose, a link function connecting parameters and stress levels is usually assumed, the validity of which is often at the discretion of the experimenter. In a general step-stress model based on multiple samples of sequential order statistics, we provide exact statistical tests to decide whether the assumption of some link function is adequate. The null hypothesis of a proportional, linear, power or log-linear link function is considered in detail, and associated inferential results are stated. In any case, except for the linear link function, the test statistics derived are shown to have only one distribution under the null hypothesis, which simplifies the computation of (exact) critical values. Asymptotic results are addressed, and a power study is performed for testing on a log-linear link function. Some improvements of the tests in terms of power are discussed.

scholarly journals Alginate/porous silica matrices for the encapsulation of living organisms: tunable properties for biosensors, modular bioreactors, and bioremediation devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Perullini ◽  
Mariano Calcabrini ◽  
Matías Jobbágy ◽  
Sara A. Bilmes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract:The encapsulation of living cells within inorganic silica hydrogels is a promising strategy for the design of biosensors, modular bioreactors, and bioremediation devices, among other interesting applications, attracting scientific and technological interest. These hostguest multifunctional materials (HGFM) combine synergistically specific biologic functions of their guest with those of the host matrix enhancing their performance. Although inorganic immobilization hosts present several advantages over their (bio)polymer-based counterparts in terms of chemical and physical stability, the direct contact of cells with silica precursors during synthesis and the constraints imposed by the inorganic host during operating conditions have proved to influence their biological response. Recently, we proposed an alternative two-step procedure including a pre-encapsulation in biocompatible polymers such as alginates in order to confer protection to the biological guest during the inorganic and more cytotoxic synthesis. By means of this procedure, whole cultures of microorganisms remain confined in small liquid volumes generated inside the inorganic host, providing near conventional liquid culture conditions.Moreover, the fact of protecting the biological guest during the synthesis of the host, allows extending the synthesis parameters beyond biocompatible conditions, tuning the microstructure of the matrix. In turn, the microstructure (porosity at the nanoscale, radius of gyration of particles composing the structure, and fractal dimension of particle clusters) is determinant of macroscopic parameters, such as optical quality and transport properties that govern the encapsulation material’s performance. Here, we review the most interesting applications of the two-step procedure, making special emphasis on the optimization of optical, transport and mechanical properties of the host as well as in the interaction with the guest during operation conditions.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Gas Turbine Axial Compressor Water Washing Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dominizi ◽  
Serena Gabriele ◽  
Angela Serra ◽  
Domenico Borello
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Nowadays the climate change is widely recognized as a global threat by both public opinion and industries. Actions to mitigate its causes are gaining momentum within all industries. In the energy field, there is the necessity to reduce emissions and to improve technologies to preserve the environment. LCA analyses of products are fundamental in this context. In the present work, a life cycle assessment has been carried out to calculate the carbon footprint of different water washing processes, as well as their effectiveness in recovering Gas Turbine efficiency losses. Field data have been collected and analyzed to make a comparison of the GT operating conditions before and after the introduction of an innovative high flow online water washing technique. The assessments have been performed using SimaPro software and cover the entire Gas Turbine and Water Washing skids operations, including the airborne emissions, skid pump, the water treatment and the heaters.

Detonation Consolidation of NiFe/SiO2 and Co/SiO2 nanocomposites

2002 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqing Ma ◽  
Y. D. Zhang ◽  
S. Hui ◽  
Mingzhong Wu ◽  
Shihui Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Hypersonic Propulsion ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Propulsion Force ◽  
Size And Morphology

ABSTRACTConsolidation of nanostructure magnetic particles is required not only for manufacturing bulk component, it is actually a fundamental requirement for obtaining novel magnetic properties from the material. Consolidation (assembly) of nanoparticles to full density without deteriorating their nanostructure (size and morphology) is a big challenge. Here we present the consolidation experiments of NiFe/SiO2 and Co/SiO2 nanocomposites via detonation consolidation. This approach is based on the explosive pressure created when an acetylene and oxygen mixture gas fires in a sample containing tube, the very high hypersonic propulsion force makes nanoparticles deposit onto the target. Depending on the powder morphology and operation conditions, the density of the consolidated sample can reach over 91% of the theoretical density of the bulk materials. X-ray diffraction experiments on the samples before and after consolidation indicate that the denotation consolidations can be optimized such that it does not cause any phase transition. However, a particle size increase was observed. Static magnetic studies carried out on the samples before and after detonation operation shows that the saturation magnetization does not. This indicates that the operation does not cause an oxidation of the nanopowders. These experiments show that detonation approach is a good candidate for consolidating magnetic nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid and body temperature in man, following a standardized meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Tesleem K Babalola ◽  
Udoh Utibe Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Background: The effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid level and body temperature following a standardized meal were carried out on 20 healthy young individuals (aged between 18 and 29 yrs.), consisting of 10 males and 10 females. The physical fitness of the subjects was determined measuring their blood pressure, pulse rate and other physical examinations.Methodology: Each subject was made to ride the bicycle ergometer for 6mins, at a rhythmic cadence of 50revolution/ min via 100beats metronome counts. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to analyze for the pre and post exercise plasma lactate levels. Pre and post-exercise values for body temperature were also measured. Statistical tests were carried out at 95% CI (P=0.05).Result: The result obtained showed that exercise causes a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in both plasma lactate concentration (from a pre-exercise mean value of 0.98 ±0.07mmol/L to post- exercise mean value of 2.84 ±0.21mmol/L) and body temperature (from a mean value of 36.45 ±0.130C before exercise to a mean value of 36.91 ±0.190C after exercise).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in plasma lactateand body temperature because of exposure to exercise which is in line with findings from most previous studies.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.270-274

scholarly journals Market reaction to the rights issue announcement on the Indonesia stock exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Linsia Dewi ◽  
Ica Rika Candraningrat
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parametric Statistical Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rights Issue

Rights issue or the issuance of pre-emptive rights are the rights granted by an issuer company made to its existing shareholders to buy new shares issued within a predetermined period of time. This study aims to empirically explain the differences in abnormal returns before and after the announcement of the rights issue and to determine the form of capital market efficiency in Indonesia. Data are collected from 27 listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that conducted a rights issue in 2014-2018. The data analysis technique used is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test and the Parametric Statistical Test with a paired sample t-test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing not found differences in abnormal returns both before and after the announcement date indicating the market does not react to the right issue event. The results of statistical tests show a downward trend of abnormal return which is proxied in the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR), implying a market tends to react negatively to the announcement of the rights issue. Rights issue information causes a new equilibrium price adjustment in the market, thus making the form of efficiency of the Indonesian capital market a semi-strong form.

scholarly journals effects of anemia education using web-based she smart to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice in adolescent girls

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Yusring Sanusi Baso ◽  
Healthy Hidayanty ◽  
Syafruddin Syarif ◽  
Aminuddin Aminuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Smart Education ◽  
The Impact

Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the bloodless than normal numbers according to the sex and age group. The impact of anemia in adolescents is a decrease in achievement and learning spirit and can cause symptoms such as paleness, lethargy, decreased appetite, and growth disorders. Anemia has an impact not only on the health of adolescent girls but can have a long impact on the health of the mother and fetus. You can see the influence of anemia education on knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Uses the Pre-experimental method with the design of one group pretest and posttest. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with the number of 47 adolescent girls. The research was conducted at Senior High School 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Data analysis using the McNemar test. From the results of statistical tests showed that there was an influence on the use of web-based she smart education model on the use of adolescent girls about anemia with p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), attitude p-value = 0.016 (p<0.05) and action p-value = 0.001 (p<0.05). Anemia education using web-based she smart can improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice before and after an intervention.

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