scholarly journals Histopathological analysis and surgical treatment of breast cancer - our experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dzemail Detanac ◽  
Dzenana Detanac ◽  
Avdo Ceranic ◽  
Merima Ceranic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Positive Correlation

Introduction. The aim of this study was to show the descriptive and histopathological analysis and applied surgical technique with early and late postoperative complications in patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized and treated at the General Hospital in Novi Pazar during the period 2009-2011. Material and Methods. During the period from 2009 to 2011, 59 patients were operated for breast cancer at the General Hospital in Novi Pazar. The study included the size and type of the tumor, disease stage, surgical techniques and complications, the age of the patients at the moment of surgery and its correlation with the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the axilla and the tumor size, as well as the correlation of the tumor size with the number of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. Results. The difference in the tumor size in relation to the age among the women under 50 and over 50 years of age was not statistically significant (T = -1.203, p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the number of positive lymph nodes in the women under and over 50 years of age (Mann-Whitney U test, p>0.05). A significant positive correlation between the tumor size and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was found (r= 0.308, p<0.05). A significant positive correlation of the patient?s age and breast cancer stage was also confirmed with nonparametric variance analysis by Spearman?s Rho (r= 0.337, p<0.05). Conclusion. The majority of women from this study sample were with Stage II of breast cancer, which points out the necessity for better prevention and education of women in order to improve early diagnosis of breast cancer. The number of positive axillary lymph nodes appears to be an important prognostic factor and a significant positive correlation between the tumor size and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes has been found.

Histologic Grade Remains a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Regardless of the Number of Positive Lymph Nodes and Tumor Size: A Study of 161 708 Cases of Breast Cancer From the SEER Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Schwartz ◽  
Donald Earl Henson ◽  
Dechang Chen ◽  
Sivasankari Rajamarthandan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Data Set

Context.—The appropriate staging of breast cancers includes an evaluation of tumor size and nodal status. Histologic grade in breast cancer, though important and assessed for all tumors, is not integrated within tumor staging. Objective.—To determine whether the histologic grade remains a prognostic factor for breast cancer regardless of tumor size and the number of involved axillary lymph nodes. Design.—By using a new clustering algorithm, the 10-year survival for every combination of T, N, and the histologic grade was determined for cases of breast cancer obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. There were 36 combinations of TN, defined according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, and grade. Results.—For each combination of T and N, a categorical increase in the histologic grade was associated with a progressive decrease in 10-year survival regardless of the number of involved axillary lymph nodes or size of the primary tumor. Absolute survival differences between high and low grade persisted despite larger tumor sizes and greater nodal involvement, though trends were apparent with increasing breast cancer stage. Statistical significance depended on the number of cases for each combination. Conclusions.—Histologic grade continues to be of prognostic importance for overall survival despite tumor size and nodal status. Furthermore, these results seem to indicate that the assignment of the histologic grade has been consistent among pathologists when evaluated in a large data set of patients with breast cancer. The incorporation of histologic grade in TNM staging for breast cancer provides important prognostic information.

scholarly journals Bone Metastasis Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117822341983097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Yazdani ◽  
Sara Dorri ◽  
Alireza Atashi ◽  
Hoda Shirafkan ◽  
Hedieh Zabolinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer. Prognostic factors for predicting bone metastases in breast cancer are controversial yet. In this study, we investigated clinical factors associated with secondary bone metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: In total, 1690 patients with breast cancer recorded between 2002 and 2012 in Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran entered in the retrospective study. We studied age, menopausal status, histologic type, tumor size, number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes, serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carcinogenicity antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)-153, and hemoglobin (HB) in 2 groups with bone metastases (n = 123) and without it, respectively. We applied logistic regression to identify bone metastasis prognostic factors in breast cancer patients and calculated the cut-off value, sensitivity, and characteristics of independent prognostic factors using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Menopause, larger tumor size, and the greater number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes increased the chance of bone metastases significantly ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between mean groups with and without bone metastases regarding serum concentration of CEA, CA-153, HB, and histopathologic type ( P > .05). Logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.021), menopausal status (OR = 1.854), number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes (OR = 1.065), a tumor size between 2 and 5 cm diameter (OR = 2.002) and more than 5 cm diameter (OR = 4.009), and ALP (OR = 1.005) are independent prognostic factors associated with bone metastases. The ROC curve showed that the abovementioned factors have comparable predictive accuracy for bone metastases. Conclusions: Age, menopausal status, number of axillary lymph node metastases, tumor size, and ALP were identified as prognostic factors for bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. So patients with these characteristics should be monitored more precisely with regular follow-ups.

scholarly journals Differential Prognostic Indicators for Locoregional Recurrence, Distant Recurrence, and Death of Breast Cancer

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rungnapa Chairat ◽  
Adisorn Puttisri ◽  
Asani Pamarapa ◽  
Jirause Moollaor ◽  
Chamaiporn Tawichasri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph

Objective. To explore prognostic characteristics for locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, and mortality in patients with breast cancer. Methods. A 5-year retrospective review of patients was conducted in two university affiliated hospitals in the north of Thailand. Prognostic characteristics and clinical outcomes were retrieved from medical registry. Death was verified by the civil database from the Ministry of Interior, direct telephone contact, or by prepaid postcard. Data were analyzed by stratified Cox’s regression proposed by Lunn & McNeil, in which multiple-typed outcomes were analyzed in a single multivariable model. Results. The assembled cohort comprised 829 patients. Under the multivariable analysis, 7 prognostic characteristics were significant prognostic indicators. Positive axillary lymph nodes >3 and presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) increased locoregional recurrence, while disease stage 3, positive axillary lymph nodes >3, and radiotherapy increase distant recurrence. Hormonal therapy reduced the distant recurrence. Pathological tumor size >2 cm, disease stage 3, positive axillary lymph nodes >3, and presence of LVI increased, while hormonal therapy and chemotherapy reduced death. Conclusions. Clinical characteristic reflecting tumor invasions increased locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, or death, while hormonal therapy and chemotherapy reduced such risks. The effect of radiation remained inconclusive but may increase the risk of distant recurrence.

Clinical pathologic status and expression of tumor markers in 5,000 Chinese breast cancers

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10644-10644
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
R. Hui ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Premenopausal Patients

10644 Background: To evaluate the correlations of clinical pathologic status, expression of tumor markers and prognosis in 5000 Chinese breast cancer. Methods: A series primary operable breast cancers from 2002 to 2005 were studied in Tianjin Cancer Hospital. 55% of them are premenopausal and median age is 45 years old; 45% of them are postmenopausal and median age is 58 years old. All of the cases were reviewed by pathologist. ER, PgR, HER-2, p53, PCNA were measured by imunohistochemistry (IHC). Recurrence or metastasis were seen in 126 cases (median follow-up 30 months). Results: Negative axillary lymph nodes in 49.8%,and nodes positive in 50.2% (1 to 3 nodes positive in 28.3%, 4 to 9 nodes positive in 12.1% and over 10 nodes positive in 9.8%). Hermone receptor were observed in 51.7% ER+, 44.7% PgR+, 36.2% ER+/PgR+, 15.5% ER+/PgR−, 8.5% ER−/PgR+, 39.8% ER−/PgR−. HER-2 were observed in 56.8% her-2(-) ,21.7% her-2(+), 10.4% her-2(++) and 11.1% her-2(+++). p53 were observed in 34.4% (+) and PCNA were observed in 85.9% (+). Conclusions: First, Her-2 expression is shown positive correlation with positive axillary lymph nodes, especially remarkable correlated in the number of positive nodes in premenopausal patients. Second, Her-2 expression is shown negative correlation with ER and PgR. Third, Her-2 expression has no correlation with histologic grades of tumors and in some conditions has positive correlation with p53 and PCNA. Fifth, Her-2 expression has no correlation with recurrence, but positive correlation with distant metastasis. In general, Her-2 expression in breast cancer could be taken as the independent index for predicting prognosis. Status of axillary lymph nodes, expression of ER, PgR are the independent factor for expression of her-2. Expression of p53 and PCNA couldn’t be taken as the independent index for predict prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The Bcl-2 protein: a prognostic indicator strongly related to ER and PR in breast cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurija Bilalović ◽  
Semir Vranić ◽  
Senad Hasanagić ◽  
Hiba Basić ◽  
Aida Tatarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph

Bcl-2, the protein product of the Bcl-2 gene, is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that play a crucial role in a complex mechanism of apoptosis. It was recently proposed that bcl-2 could inhibit cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns of Bcl-2, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) in 71 primary invasive breast carcinomas and their association with other clinicopathological parameters. Samples from 71 patients with invasive breast cancer with follow-up ranging from 4-103 months (median 57 months) were included in the study. Forty-six patients (66%) obtained a complete response, while 5 (9%) were considered non-responders during the follow up period of 103 months. Eighteen (25%) patients died, 15 (21%) from primary disease and 3 (4%) from other disease. In unvaried analysis, tumor size (<2 cm), lymph node (<4 lymph nodes), hormonal status and Bcl-2 expression are correlated with longer overall (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Patients with 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes had significantly shorter OS (p=0.01) and RFS (p=0.009). Higher expression of Bcl-2 was associated with longer OS (p=0.02) and RFS (p=0.03), and this result were independent of axillary lymph nodes and tumor size in Cox multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of axillary lymph nodes involvement in patients with breast cancer depending on the tumor size and its histological and nuclear grades

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toplica Bojic ◽  
Nebojsa Djordjevic ◽  
Aleksandar Karanikolic ◽  
Sladjana Filipovic ◽  
Miroslav Granic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Nuclear Grade ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

Background/Aim. There are a lot of studies aiding to the opinion that the involvement degree of axilla lymph nodes grows depending on increase of breast tumor size, and its histological and nuclear grades. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of axillary lymph nodes involvement, as well as the relation between the tumor size, histological and nuclear grades in a group of female patients who underwent breast cancer surgery, including levels 1-3 axillary dissection. Methods. Investigation covered 900 patients operated on during 2005-2008 who underwent modified radical mastectomy including axillar dissection. We assessed a number of involved lymph nodes, depending on tumor macroscopic size (T), histological grade (HG) and nuclear grade (NG). Results. A total number of examined lymph nodes was 9977. The incidence of involved lymph nodes was from 18.6% with T1 tumor size up to 60.2% with T4 tumor size. Concerning histological grade, the number of involved lymph nodes ranged from 14.2% (HGI) to 45.1% (HGIII); while in terms of nuclear grade, the number of involved lymph nodes ranged from 17.4% (NGI) to 54.5% (NGIV). By using ?2-test for trend and odds ratio (OR), the results showed that the axillary lymph nodes involvement degree was increased with the increase of the tumor size and its histological and nuclear grades. The risk of axillary lymphatic nodes involvement was 1.43 times higher in the group of T2 tumors size compared to the smaller tumors T1 size, and even up to 6.62 times higher in case of T4 tumor size. It was also increasied from 1.79 times for HGII to even 4.98 times for HGIII, and from 1.44 times for NGII to 5.71 times for NGIV. Conclusion. In breast cancer patients, there is a strong correlation between tumor size, its histological and nuclear grades and the risk of axillary lymph nodes involvement.

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