scholarly journals A sick genius? The critical reception of Alexei Stanchinsky

Muzikologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Akvilė Stuart
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical Reviews

This article examines the critical reception of the Russian composer Alexei Stanchinsky (1888-1914). It focuses on the critical reviews published in Russian newspapers and musical periodicals during Stanchinsky?s lifetime. Its findings are a result of original archival research conducted in Moscow in 2019. This study shows that Stanchinsky?s work received a more mixed reception during his lifetime than previously claimed. As such, it provides a more nuanced insight into Stanchinsky?s reception, as well as the views and prejudices of early 20th century Russian music critics.

Folklorism and the Chronotope in the Works of Komitas

10.34690/03 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
А.И. Демченко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Insight Into

Будучи одним из самых самобытных музыкантов начала ХХ века, Комитас претворил в своем искусстве ряд характерных для этого времени художественных идей, наиболее примечательные из которых связаны с музыкальным фольклоризмом и с понятием хронотопа. Блистательное композиторское мастерство Комитаса выводило его очень далеко за пределы привычных представлений о жанре фольклорной обработки. Глубокое проникновение в дух и законы родной музыкальной речи позволяло ему широко применять методы полифонической обработки народных мелодий, активно развивать фактуру сопровождения, которая в ряде случае приобретала самостоятельную художественную ценность. Самобытность песен и хоров Комитаса в ряде случаев определяется связью с восточным миросозерцанием, для которого в сравнении с европейским менталитетом характерно особое восприятие времени и пространства. При этом наибольший интерес представляют те образцы, где раскрывается сопричастность к категориям всеобщей материи и вечности. Особенно широко представлено в творчестве Комитаса погружение в природную сферу с растворением в ней человеческого начала. Восхождение к надвременным категориям композитор чаще всего совершает, когда делает основой сочинений фольклорные мелодии, пришедшие из толщи времен и запечатлевшие в себе устойчивые, коренные черты народного характера. Особым достижением Комитаса является то, что он не ограничивается претворением пантеистического и надвременного как отдельных сущностей. В ряде сочинений композитор дает их в соединении, чему опять-таки способствовали особенности восточного понимания хронотопа. Being one of the most original musicians of the early 20th century, Komitas has put into his art a number of typical for this time of artistic ideas, the most notable of which are associated with the musical folklorism and with the concept of the chronotope. His brilliant compositional skills took him far beyond the usual ideas about the genre of folklore processing. A deep insight into the spirit and laws of his native musical speech allowed him to widely apply the methods of polyphonic processing of folk melodies, actively develop the texture of accompaniment, which in some cases acquired an independent artistic value. The identity of Komitass songs and choirs is in some cases determined by the connection with the Eastern worldview, which is characterized by a special perception of time and space in comparison with the European mentality. At the same time, the most interesting are the samples, which reveal participation in the categories of universal matter and eternity. Especially widely represented in the works of Komitas deep immersion in the natural sphere with the dissolution of the human principle in it. The ascent to supra-temporal categories the composer often does, when making the basis of the works of folk tunes, came from strata of the times and depicting in a sustainable, indigenous features of the national character. A special achievement of Komitas is that it is not limited to the implementation of the pantheistic and supra-temporal as separate entities. In a number of works the composer gives them in conjunction, which again contributed to the features of the Eastern understanding of the chronotope.

Plurality and Diversity: The Profile of a Medieval Library

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Insight Into

The third chapter discusses one of the most intriguing aspects of this document, its system of ordering books. Our knowledge of medieval library systems has hitherto been confined to small collections and thus rudimentary systems or incomplete information in narrative sources. The chapter shows the highly-developed system for organising books according to three parameters, alphabetical order of titles, size of the books and their themes. In contrast to the highly philosophical schemes of how to organise and hierarchise the various learned branches of knowledge (such as those by al-Ghazali and al-Kindi) this library gives a very different insight into how knowledge was organised on a practitioner’s level. The organisation of the library, in addition to several other features of the catalogue, allows also an understanding of the spatial organisation of the library (the actual building was destroyed in the early 20th century). We do not have any study of the spatial aspects of a medieval Arabic library yet and the chapter offers the first exploration of this theme.

Educational and Methodical Literature for the Clavier and Piano in the History of Russian Music Publishing of the Second Half of the 18th — Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-668
Author(s):  
Olga V. Radzetskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Piano Performance ◽  
Music Publishing ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music Publishers ◽  
Production Output ◽  
State Library

The Russian piano school is a unique phenomenon in the global cultural space, a multifaceted and creative phenomenon, a source of creative insights and vivid interpretations. The history of Russian piano performance is deeply and comprehensively studied and is characterized by a wide semantic range. A special place in it is occupied by educational and methodical literature produced by major music publishers in Moscow and St. Petersburg during their formation and development.The appeal to this topic is connected with the need to create a primary idea of the activities of music publishers for the production of educational materials in the historical dynamics and perspective. This complex process can be perceived as a synthesis of European traditions and Russian experience — a multidimensional multifunctional landscape of the era, illustrative reflection of important events in the cultural life of the country.The specificity of the problem has an impressive demonstration volume. It includes the strategy and tactics of development of Russian music publishing companies, production of educational and scientific-methodical literature by Russian and foreign authors, stages in the development of piano art, increase in the production output, achievements of the Russian piano school and its unique pedagogical experience.“P. Jurgenson” company’s catalogues, stored in the Russian State library, reflect the trends and directions that were dominant in the educational literature for piano. They include well-established, tested methods of piano playing, collections of exercises, and anthologies that enriched the pedagogical repertoire with compositions to develop of the technical base of students and expand the arsenal of its expressive means. The study aims at a primary classification of “P. Jurgenson” publishing house’s educational resources recorded in its catalogues of the late 19th — early 20th century.

scholarly journals Gustav Mootse’s Works in the Periodicals of St Petersburg in the Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Sonina ◽  
Olga A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Creative Evolution ◽  
Progressive Growth

The article presents the under-explored St Petersburg period in the work of Gustav Mootse, famous Estonian artist, founder of Estonian book graphics and ex libris master. Upon a thorough archival research of illustrated periodicals, the authors have revealed unknown images by Mootse. Based on those, they make conclusions on stages in Mootse’s creative evolution, show a progressive growth in his standing in St Petersburg periodicals, show his search for forms and experiments, and comment on specifics of his creative work.

Friendship of Well-known and Undeservedly Forgotten Masters in Late 19th and Early 20th Century Russian Piano Music. The Life and Work of Medtner, Rachmaninoff, and Scriabin

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Eszter Szabó
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Russian Composers

"In this study, I explore the life and work of three outstanding pianists and composers in the late 19th and early 20th century: Medtner, Rachmaninoff, and Scriabin, who were not only contemporaries and colleagues but also supportive friends to each other. All three were largely influenced by their years at the Moscow Conservatory, where they became prominent pianists and first showed promise as composers. They received similar impulses and could learn from the same teachers. As a defining common element in their lives, they explored and strived to combine Russian musical traditions and Western classical music. At the same time, their different personalities are apparent from their music, so despite their common roots, their individual musical language is unmistakable. Even at the beginning of their careers, it was clear that despite the commonalities, their lives and careers took a different direction. All three tried their luck abroad, but only Scriabin returned home for the rest of his short life. In addition to their distinct life paths and musical language, their recognition is quite different. Scriabin’s name sounds familiar to many, but he does not belong to the most popular composers of our time. Rachmaninoff’s widespread popularity can be observed among professional musicians as well as the public. In contrast, it is not impossible to meet a professional for whom Medtner’s music is unknown. This is not necessarily explained by disparities in talent and abilities but rather by differences in circumstances, opportunities, and personalities. In this study, I attempt to shed light on the reasons for the three composers’ contrasting popularity from the perspective of their life and work. Keywords: Russian composers, Russian music, Late 19th, and early 20th century, Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, Medtner "

scholarly journals «…WITH THE VIEW OF… THE CLOSEST TIES… WITH RUSSIA»: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EXPANDING ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY IN THE CAUCASUS.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hypothesis State ◽  
Insight Into

В статье раскрывается один из недостаточно изученных аспектов проводившейся на Кавказе российской политики во второй половине XIX – начале XX в. Исследование основывается не только на использовании опубликованных данных, но и на источниках, сведения из которых ранее не вводились в научный оборот. По мнению автора, попытки расширить распространенность здесь православного христианства, предпринимавшиеся в эпоху после завершения Кавказской войны, имели обоснованность. Подтверждались они и востребовавшимся для интеллектуального осмысления ретроспективным наследием. Анализу вместе с тем подвергаются и подходы, применявшиеся для поддержания межконфессионального взаимодействия. Согласно предложенной версии, оно достигалось и при помощи складывавшегося феномена отечественного мусульманства. Актуальность предложенного формата освещения проблемы обусловлена также современными геополитическими и цивилизационными вызовами, возникающими в различной постановке для российского общества. Представленный для публикации результат предоставляет возможность поиска конкретных решений, в том числе в связи с предпринятой недавно инициативой разобщения канонической территории Московского патриархата. Обращение к историческому опыту укрепления позиций православия на Кавказе не позволит, безусловно, найти прямые ответы на возникающие угрозы. Но оно так или иначе может способствовать поиску вариантов преодоления сложных ситуаций. The article provides insight into one of the understudied aspects of the Russian policy in the Caucasus in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. The study relies on both published data and previously unreleased scientific sources and evidence. The author argues for the legitimate nature of the attempts intended to disseminate Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, in the Caucasus in the postwar era. This is also corroborated by the retrospective heritage that had to be incorporated for intellectual comprehension. The analysis also covers the approaches supporting interfaith interaction. As follows from the stated hypothesis, state-wide alignment was ensured thanks to the phenomenon of emerging national Muslimism. The proposed format of the research also gains relevance in the light of multifaceted modern geopolitical and civilizational challenges related to Russian co-citizenship. Research findings will help search for specific solutions, particularly in the context of the initiative recently undertaken to separate the canonical territory of the Moscow Patriarchate. Appealing to the historical experience of expanding Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus will not provide direct answers to the emerging threats. However, this approach may end up helpful in searching for ways to navigate difficult scenarios.    

scholarly journals Three poems on flood histories in rural Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hywel M Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
River Engineering ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Arterial Drainage ◽  
Geomorphological Processes

This article presents three poems inspired by archival research on historical perceptions of flooding and river engineering in Galway city and its rural hinterland. Relationships between people and water, as recorded in early-20th-century minutes of a vice-regal commission on river drainage in rural Ireland and historical newspaper accounts of flooding, are explored and reimagined. The poems focus particularly on the management of flood risk and geomorphological processes (erosion and sedimentation), ‘arterial drainage,’ and individual emotional responses to traumatic floods and their impacts. Reflecting on these poems, I suggest that part of poetry’s contribution to the discipline is to provide a new and exciting way of engaging with the archive.

scholarly journals German sound poetry from the neo-avant-garde to the digital age

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Claudia Benthien ◽  
Wiebke Vorrath
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
German Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sound Poetry ◽  
Post War ◽  
Insight Into

This article gives insight into German-language sound poetry since the 1950s. The first section provides a brief historical introduction to the inventions of and theoretical reflections on sound poetry within the avant-garde movements of the early 20th century. The second section presents works by Ernst Jandl and Gerhard Rühm as examples of verbal poetry of the post-war neo-avant-garde. The following two sections investigate contemporary sound poetry relating to avant-garde achievements. Section three deals with two examples that may be classified as sound poetry in a broader sense: Thomas Kling’s poem broaches the issue of sound in its content and vocal performance, and Albert Ostermaier’s work offers an example of verbal poetry featured with music. The fourth section presents recent sound poetry by Nora Gomringer, Elke Schipper and Jörg Piringer, which are more distinctive examples relating to avant-garde poetry genres and use recording devices experimentally.

Heteroglossic itineraries and silent spaces: the desert cartographies of Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-601
Author(s):  
Emma Notfors
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Imaginative Geography ◽  
Gertrude Bell ◽  
The Relationship

This article advocates for the central importance of examining cartography for the understanding of literary travel narratives, focussing on accounts of travel in the deserts of the Middle East written by Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence, both explorers, archaeologists and authors who were implicated in British activities in the Middle East before, during and after the Arab Revolt, and who travelled through the region during the early 20th century. This article seeks to explore the connections between the authors’ textual depictions and the maps that they authored, using close readings of their travel narratives and their maps to arrive at a more profound understanding of how these processes of authorship resulted in the production and mediation of ‘Arabia’ as an imaginative geography. Drawing on archival research and a range of textual sources, the development of this literary geography is traced through the early research of TE Lawrence on crusader castles in Syria and Lebanon, Gertrude Bell’s descriptions of using maps in The Desert and the Sown, Lawrence’s account of collating a map of Sinai for the War Office and the relationship between local navigational knowledges with their cartographic activities.

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