Folklorism and the Chronotope in the Works of Komitas

10.34690/03 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
А.И. Демченко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Insight Into

Будучи одним из самых самобытных музыкантов начала ХХ века, Комитас претворил в своем искусстве ряд характерных для этого времени художественных идей, наиболее примечательные из которых связаны с музыкальным фольклоризмом и с понятием хронотопа. Блистательное композиторское мастерство Комитаса выводило его очень далеко за пределы привычных представлений о жанре фольклорной обработки. Глубокое проникновение в дух и законы родной музыкальной речи позволяло ему широко применять методы полифонической обработки народных мелодий, активно развивать фактуру сопровождения, которая в ряде случае приобретала самостоятельную художественную ценность. Самобытность песен и хоров Комитаса в ряде случаев определяется связью с восточным миросозерцанием, для которого в сравнении с европейским менталитетом характерно особое восприятие времени и пространства. При этом наибольший интерес представляют те образцы, где раскрывается сопричастность к категориям всеобщей материи и вечности. Особенно широко представлено в творчестве Комитаса погружение в природную сферу с растворением в ней человеческого начала. Восхождение к надвременным категориям композитор чаще всего совершает, когда делает основой сочинений фольклорные мелодии, пришедшие из толщи времен и запечатлевшие в себе устойчивые, коренные черты народного характера. Особым достижением Комитаса является то, что он не ограничивается претворением пантеистического и надвременного как отдельных сущностей. В ряде сочинений композитор дает их в соединении, чему опять-таки способствовали особенности восточного понимания хронотопа. Being one of the most original musicians of the early 20th century, Komitas has put into his art a number of typical for this time of artistic ideas, the most notable of which are associated with the musical folklorism and with the concept of the chronotope. His brilliant compositional skills took him far beyond the usual ideas about the genre of folklore processing. A deep insight into the spirit and laws of his native musical speech allowed him to widely apply the methods of polyphonic processing of folk melodies, actively develop the texture of accompaniment, which in some cases acquired an independent artistic value. The identity of Komitass songs and choirs is in some cases determined by the connection with the Eastern worldview, which is characterized by a special perception of time and space in comparison with the European mentality. At the same time, the most interesting are the samples, which reveal participation in the categories of universal matter and eternity. Especially widely represented in the works of Komitas deep immersion in the natural sphere with the dissolution of the human principle in it. The ascent to supra-temporal categories the composer often does, when making the basis of the works of folk tunes, came from strata of the times and depicting in a sustainable, indigenous features of the national character. A special achievement of Komitas is that it is not limited to the implementation of the pantheistic and supra-temporal as separate entities. In a number of works the composer gives them in conjunction, which again contributed to the features of the Eastern understanding of the chronotope.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION OF CINEMATOGRAPHY IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 1920S

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Nikolaeva ◽  
Natalia L. Fesyanova ◽  
Olga N. Goryacheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Close Relationship

This paper concerns the issue of the interaction of literature and cinematography in the cultural process of the 1920s. The main emphasis is placedon the phenomenon of literary cinematography, which became widespread in the third decade of the 20th century. The content of the concept of “cinematographic literature”is defined, its significant characteristics are singled out (special compositional-syntactic organization of the work, representation of the situation of observation, the use of cinema techniques) and the development of cinematography in the work of poets and writers of the period is studied. Inthecourseof the analysis of thetexts, specific techniques and cinematographic functions characteristic of this decade were singledout. Experimenting with artistic time and space, the authors attach an innovative character to the works, develop new ways of constructing the plot. In addition, cinematography makes it possible to add the text documentary and agitationality. The study revealed a close relationship between the development of cinematography in the literature and the general tendencies of the cultural process of the early 20th century.

Plurality and Diversity: The Profile of a Medieval Library

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Insight Into

The third chapter discusses one of the most intriguing aspects of this document, its system of ordering books. Our knowledge of medieval library systems has hitherto been confined to small collections and thus rudimentary systems or incomplete information in narrative sources. The chapter shows the highly-developed system for organising books according to three parameters, alphabetical order of titles, size of the books and their themes. In contrast to the highly philosophical schemes of how to organise and hierarchise the various learned branches of knowledge (such as those by al-Ghazali and al-Kindi) this library gives a very different insight into how knowledge was organised on a practitioner’s level. The organisation of the library, in addition to several other features of the catalogue, allows also an understanding of the spatial organisation of the library (the actual building was destroyed in the early 20th century). We do not have any study of the spatial aspects of a medieval Arabic library yet and the chapter offers the first exploration of this theme.

scholarly journals Kerajinan Batik dan Pewarnaan Alami

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamsyah Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

BATIK -- craft is a cultural heritage of Indonesia which existence keep growing each day. It is characterized by the existence of batik craft in various regions with their own characteristics. As a cultural heritage, batik craft had been around since the time of the kingdom era in our nation. Before the discovery of synthetic materials technology, batik coloration has always been using natural colors that are available in Indonesia. Natural coloration can be taken from tinggi wood, tegeran plant, teak leaf, indigo plant, secang, mahogany, and other plants. As the times progressed, natural coloring began to be replaced and abandoned by the craftsmen. Crafters use synthetic coloring starting in the early 20th century. Currently there is an awareness to return to the natural coloring because it is considered to be more environmentally friendly and cheaper. The use of natural coloring also pushes batik selling value higher when compared to the one using synthetic color

scholarly journals The Islamic Education Reform Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
M. Fahim Tharaba ◽  
Mukhibat Mukhibat
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Times ◽  
Agent Of Change

Abstract: The Islamic education reform comprises a change that affects people’s choice of education as an agent of change and human and capital investment. Thus, it is a need to modernize the thought of renewing Islamic education according to the time’s advances. The study of the Islamic education reform in early 20th century has become relevant in the context of valuable lessons for reform and or modernization of Islamic education in subsequent developments. This research employed a philosophical and implemental approach. It was bibliographic research with the content analysis of the meaning and substance contained in the whole thought about the reform of the Islamic education in early 20th century. This study found that there were three patterns of renewal of Islamic education; (1) modern orientation in Europe, (2) the refinement of Islamic teachings, and (3) nationalism reform. The concept of Islamic education reform encompasses all ideas that are guided by the Qur’an and Sunnah, and continues to follow the times consciously and systematically and directed towards the interests that refer to the progress of science and technology, and based on faith and devotion (IMTAQ). The reform of the Islamic education system has included both the conceptual-theoretical and operational-practical levels, as well as the fundamental aspects that underlie the students’ lives; it is monotheistic faith which has a monolatry dimension of piety to God. It encourages and ignites to play a real role in all aspects of life.الملخص: إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي هو شكل من أشكال التغيير الذي يؤثر على اختيار الناس للتعليم كعامل للتغيير والاستثمار البشري ورأس المال. فلذلك, يجب تحديث فكرة مجددي التعليم الإسلامي دائما وقفا بالزمان الواقع أومما هو أبعد وأجدد منه. أصبحت دراسة إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي في أوائل القرن العشرين مناسبا وأكثر اهتماما من أجل استكشاف التجارب القيمة أو المعلومات أو الإمكانات المتعلقة بتطوير التعليم الإسلامي في المستفبل. استخدم الباحث المنهج الفلسفي والمنهج التنفيذي على أنواع ببليوغرافية مع تحليل محتوى المعنى والمضمون المتضمن في جميع التفكير حول إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي في أوائل القرن العشرين. وجد الباحث في هذا البحث على الأقل ثلاثة انماط لتجديد التربية الإسلامية. الأول كمنحى التحديث في أوروبا, والثاني للتخليص التعاليم الإسلامية, والثالث كالتحديث الوطنية. يشمل مفهوم إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي جميع المفاهيم التي يسترشد بها القرآن والسنة ويثبت في متابعة الزمان وتشير إلى تقدم العلم والتكنولوجيا على أساس الإيمان والتقوى بالله. يشمل تحديث نظام التعليم الإسلامي كلا من المستويات المفاهيمية النظرية والعملية الواقعية بالإضافة إلى المفاصل الأساسية التي تؤسس حياة الطلاب وهو الإيمان والتوحيد بالله تعالى من أجل تشجيع وتحفيز الطلاب ليلعب دورا حقيقيا في جميع مجال الحياة.Abstrak: Reformasi pendidikan Islam merupakan bentuk perubahan yang mempengaruhi pilihan masyarakat terhadap pendidikan sebagai agent of change dan human and capital investmen. Maka, pemikiran pembaharuan pendidikan Islam harus selalu dimodernisasi sesuai bahkan melampaui perkembangan zaman. Kajian reformasi pendidikan Islam awal abad-20 ini menjadi sangat relevan dalam rangka pelajaran berharga untuk reformasi dan atau modernisasi pendidikan Islam dalam perkembangan selanjutnya. Penelitian dengan pendekatan filosofis dan implementatif ini bersifat penelitian bibliografic resarch dengan content analysis terhadap makna dan substansi yang terkandung dalam keseluruhan pemikiran tentang reformasi pendidikan Islam awal abad-20. Kajian ini menemukan setidaknya ada tiga pola pembaharuan pendidikan Islam; (1) oreintasi modern di Eropa, (2) untuk pemurnian kembali ajaran Islam, (3) pembaharuan bersifat nasionalisme. Konsep reformasi pendidikan Islam meliputi segala konsep yang berpatok kepada al-Qur’an dan Sunnah, dan tetap mengikuti perkembangan zaman yang secara sadar dan sistematis serta terarah pada kepentingan yang mengacu pada kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (IPTEK), dan dilandasi dengan keimanan dan ketaqwaan  (IMTAQ). Pembaharuan sistem Pendidikan Islam  telah mencangkup baik pada tataran konseptual-teoritis maupun operasional-praktis,  serta sendi-sendi fundamental yang mendasari kehidupan peserta didik, yaitu iman tauhid yang berdimensi ketakwaan yang monoloyal kepada Allah, dalam rangka mendorong dan memacu untuk berperan nyata dalam semua lini kehidupan.

scholarly journals Fencing the forest: early use of barrier fences in Sami reindeer husbandry

Rangifer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Norstedt ◽  
Anna-Maria Rautio ◽  
Lars Östlund
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Whole Tree

Barrier fences are generally not considered to have been used in Sami reindeer husbandry in Sweden before the early 20th century. As a rule, they are thought to have been introduced with the transition from intensive to extensive herding that is assumed to have taken place at this time. However, in this study, we show that barrier fences were widely used in Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Arjeplog Municipalities from the mid-18th century onwards, especially in the forests. Until the early 20th century, these fences were built of local materials, mainly whole trees and boulders, and we therefore call them whole-tree fences. Some of the barrier fences were used during periods of loose supervision by herders who otherwise practised intensive methods, while others were built in a context of extensive herding, large herds and conflicts over land use. Extensive reindeer herding was thus practised in the area much earlier than usually presumed, and it overlapped with intensive herding in both time and space.

scholarly journals ARTISTIC FUNCTION OF MYTH IS IN KAZAKH PROSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
A. Tanzharikova ◽  
◽  
D. Satemirova ◽  
B. Kelgembayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Artistic Function

The use of the myth in modern Kazakh prose in different senses is of interest to the reader. This allows us to determine how the authors' attitudes towards different literary trends are conveyed in the choice of basic myths to reflect the ideas presented in the myth. Using myths, the author enters into a dialogue with several traditions, and secondly, reinterprets a well-known mythological plot, creates his own image, as a result of which the narrative becomes a myth. The protagonist's mythological worldview is characterized by a special perception of time and space. This scientific article analyzes the features of the use of folk myths in Kazakh prose and identifies their artistic function.The prerequisites for renewed interest in myth in Kazakh prose at the end of the 20th century are being clarified. The relationship of mythological traditions and new literary trends in Kazakh prose is considered. The artistic function of myth is determined in the image of real life through mythological models and images.

scholarly journals A sick genius? The critical reception of Alexei Stanchinsky

Muzikologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Akvilė Stuart
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical Reviews

This article examines the critical reception of the Russian composer Alexei Stanchinsky (1888-1914). It focuses on the critical reviews published in Russian newspapers and musical periodicals during Stanchinsky?s lifetime. Its findings are a result of original archival research conducted in Moscow in 2019. This study shows that Stanchinsky?s work received a more mixed reception during his lifetime than previously claimed. As such, it provides a more nuanced insight into Stanchinsky?s reception, as well as the views and prejudices of early 20th century Russian music critics.

scholarly journals Category of Time and the Concept of Ideal Residence of the Monarch in the Architecture of the Great Livadia Palace

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
Инесса Слюнькова ◽  
Inessa Slyun'kova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Buildings

The paper describes the findings of some new historical and architectural surveys of the great Livadia Palace in H2 of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Belonging to the Russian monarchs — from Alexander II to Nicholas II — the building is a monument of architecture and the landmark of the palace and park ensemble in the Crimea. For the first time, the equal focus was given to the original and the new palace that replaced it and was built according to the designs of architects I.A. Monighetti (1866) and M.P. Krasnov (1911), a graphical comparative analysis of layouts was carried out. The author has used the newly discovered archival materials and graphic sources, which indicate the replacement of one palace by another and allow raising the question of similarity lines and fundamental differences between the architecture of the old and the new buildings, due to the content of the order and the unbiased historical course of time. The author dwells upon the interaction of the new art of symbolism in the early 20th century with the architectural texts of the past. She hypothesizes about the search for the artistic equivalent of existential perception of time in the architecture.

scholarly journals «…WITH THE VIEW OF… THE CLOSEST TIES… WITH RUSSIA»: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EXPANDING ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY IN THE CAUCASUS.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hypothesis State ◽  
Insight Into

В статье раскрывается один из недостаточно изученных аспектов проводившейся на Кавказе российской политики во второй половине XIX – начале XX в. Исследование основывается не только на использовании опубликованных данных, но и на источниках, сведения из которых ранее не вводились в научный оборот. По мнению автора, попытки расширить распространенность здесь православного христианства, предпринимавшиеся в эпоху после завершения Кавказской войны, имели обоснованность. Подтверждались они и востребовавшимся для интеллектуального осмысления ретроспективным наследием. Анализу вместе с тем подвергаются и подходы, применявшиеся для поддержания межконфессионального взаимодействия. Согласно предложенной версии, оно достигалось и при помощи складывавшегося феномена отечественного мусульманства. Актуальность предложенного формата освещения проблемы обусловлена также современными геополитическими и цивилизационными вызовами, возникающими в различной постановке для российского общества. Представленный для публикации результат предоставляет возможность поиска конкретных решений, в том числе в связи с предпринятой недавно инициативой разобщения канонической территории Московского патриархата. Обращение к историческому опыту укрепления позиций православия на Кавказе не позволит, безусловно, найти прямые ответы на возникающие угрозы. Но оно так или иначе может способствовать поиску вариантов преодоления сложных ситуаций. The article provides insight into one of the understudied aspects of the Russian policy in the Caucasus in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. The study relies on both published data and previously unreleased scientific sources and evidence. The author argues for the legitimate nature of the attempts intended to disseminate Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, in the Caucasus in the postwar era. This is also corroborated by the retrospective heritage that had to be incorporated for intellectual comprehension. The analysis also covers the approaches supporting interfaith interaction. As follows from the stated hypothesis, state-wide alignment was ensured thanks to the phenomenon of emerging national Muslimism. The proposed format of the research also gains relevance in the light of multifaceted modern geopolitical and civilizational challenges related to Russian co-citizenship. Research findings will help search for specific solutions, particularly in the context of the initiative recently undertaken to separate the canonical territory of the Moscow Patriarchate. Appealing to the historical experience of expanding Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus will not provide direct answers to the emerging threats. However, this approach may end up helpful in searching for ways to navigate difficult scenarios.    

Moving From Postmodernism to Metamodernism

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Age ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Political Time ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter describes the state or condition of society after the industrial revolution in the early 20th century as the information age overturned culture, ushering in postmodernity through the turn of the 21st century, which gave birth to what the author calls metamodernism. Philosophical movements present templates upon which individual thinkers characterize the cultural trends, artistic and literary achievements, scientific and technological advancements, and ways of thinking during a specific economic, social, and political time and space. The irreverence, cynicism, and irony of postmodernism gave way to a metamodern new sincerity and a new hope across the swinging pendulum of opposing ideas: tradition and innovation, birth and death, or truth and post-truth. The current cultural “sense of feeling” corresponds to networked culture and the critical need to address literacy in new ways.

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