MEDAN THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT AND LEARNING INTEREST WITH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION AT SMA NEGERI 16 MEDAN

<p>This study is a quantitative approach. The variables of this study consisted of the dependent variable and the independent variable. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. This study applied correlational research. The population of this study consisted of all students of SMA Negeri 16 Medan, 900 students, in 2020. The sample of this study was set to be 100 students, and the sampling was done by using of Slovin technique. The techniques of data collection in this study were a Likert scale questionnaire and pre-test and post-test. The research instruments were arranged according to variable indicators based on the direction and guidance of the Thesis advisor, then tested on students of Medan 16 High School. All data collection instruments for the first independent variable consist of 40 items from the second independent variable, consisting of 40 items. The requirement test for the first independent variable data and the second independent variable used data normality test, comparable data, and linearity. Hypothesis testing uses the t-test to look for correlations on each variable and a partial correlation test with the product-moment formula or SPSS version 20. The results of the research hypothesis state that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional quotient and learning interest with learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects, with proven that r arithmetic&gt; r_table and also t arithmetic&gt; t_table that can be accepted with a decision-making level of 0.05.</p>

«…WITH THE VIEW OF… THE CLOSEST TIES… WITH RUSSIA»: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EXPANDING ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY IN THE CAUCASUS.

В статье раскрывается один из недостаточно изученных аспектов проводившейся на Кавказе российской политики во второй половине XIX – начале XX в. Исследование основывается не только на использовании опубликованных данных, но и на источниках, сведения из которых ранее не вводились в научный оборот. По мнению автора, попытки расширить распространенность здесь православного христианства, предпринимавшиеся в эпоху после завершения Кавказской войны, имели обоснованность. Подтверждались они и востребовавшимся для интеллектуального осмысления ретроспективным наследием. Анализу вместе с тем подвергаются и подходы, применявшиеся для поддержания межконфессионального взаимодействия. Согласно предложенной версии, оно достигалось и при помощи складывавшегося феномена отечественного мусульманства. Актуальность предложенного формата освещения проблемы обусловлена также современными геополитическими и цивилизационными вызовами, возникающими в различной постановке для российского общества. Представленный для публикации результат предоставляет возможность поиска конкретных решений, в том числе в связи с предпринятой недавно инициативой разобщения канонической территории Московского патриархата. Обращение к историческому опыту укрепления позиций православия на Кавказе не позволит, безусловно, найти прямые ответы на возникающие угрозы. Но оно так или иначе может способствовать поиску вариантов преодоления сложных ситуаций. The article provides insight into one of the understudied aspects of the Russian policy in the Caucasus in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. The study relies on both published data and previously unreleased scientific sources and evidence. The author argues for the legitimate nature of the attempts intended to disseminate Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, in the Caucasus in the postwar era. This is also corroborated by the retrospective heritage that had to be incorporated for intellectual comprehension. The analysis also covers the approaches supporting interfaith interaction. As follows from the stated hypothesis, state-wide alignment was ensured thanks to the phenomenon of emerging national Muslimism. The proposed format of the research also gains relevance in the light of multifaceted modern geopolitical and civilizational challenges related to Russian co-citizenship. Research findings will help search for specific solutions, particularly in the context of the initiative recently undertaken to separate the canonical territory of the Moscow Patriarchate. Appealing to the historical experience of expanding Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus will not provide direct answers to the emerging threats. However, this approach may end up helpful in searching for ways to navigate difficult scenarios.

Theory-related translation research. Some thoughts on methodology

The article illustrates some methodological principles for translation research and for writing theory-related research papers. A number of postulates are formulated with respect to basic structural dimensions of organizing research papers (working hypothesis, ‘state of the art’ in research, solution proposal and validity test). Examples for norm-compliant behavior are given. Since the problem of writing the ‘state of the art’ of research seems to be one of the major problems facing young scholars, particular emphasis is given to this aspect.

The human motor system alters its reaching movement plan for task-irrelevant, positional forces

The minimum intervention principle and the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis state that our nervous system only responds to force perturbations and sensorimotor noise if they affect task success. This idea has been tested in muscle and joint coordinate frames and more recently using workspace redundancy (e.g., reaching to large targets). However, reaching studies typically involve spatial and or temporal constraints. Constrained reaches represent a small proportion of movements we perform daily and may limit the emergence of natural behavior. Using more relaxed constraints, we conducted two reaching experiments to test the hypothesis that humans respond to task-relevant forces and ignore task-irrelevant forces. We found that participants responded to both task-relevant and -irrelevant forces. Interestingly, participants experiencing a task-irrelevant force, which simply pushed them into a different area of a large target and had no bearing on task success, changed their movement trajectory prior to being perturbed. These movement trajectory changes did not counteract the task-irrelevant perturbations, as shown in previous research, but rather were made into new areas of the workspace. A possible explanation for this behavior change is that participants were engaging in active exploration. Our data have implications for current models and theories on the control of biological motion.

Are top executives paid too much? Determinants of directors’ pay in Switzerland

Executive compensation has become a fashionable topic: Cross-nationally, the earnings of executives and non-executive directors have risen significantly in recent years. Academic literature offers two hypotheses for this trend, a “fat cat” and an “optimal-contract” explanation. Proponents of the “fat cat” explanation state that directors are paid too much due to their unjustified power. Proponents of the “optimal-contract” hypothesis state that competition in the managerial labour market establishes an optimal compensation contract. This study contrasts both hypotheses and presents evidence that the level of directors’ pay in Swiss corporations is to be explained by “optimal contracts” and by managerial power. We give evidence to which degree the two explanations are valid.