scholarly journals Income inequality: Implications and relevant economic policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Arestis ◽  
Ana Gonzalez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
International Financial Crisis

The aim of this contribution is to discuss closely the implications of income inequality and the economic policies to tackle it, especially so in view of inequality being one of the main causes of the 2007/2008 international financial crisis and the ?great recession? that subsequently emerged. Wealth inequality is also important in this respect, but the focus is on income inequality. Ever since the financial crisis and the subsequent ?great recession?, inequality of income, and wealth, has increased and the demand for economic policy initiatives to produce a more equal distribution of income and wealth has become more urgent. Such reduction would help to increase the level of economic activity as has been demonstrated again more recently. A number of economic policy initiatives for this purpose will be the focus of this contribution.

The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Drezner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Optimistic Picture ◽  
Global Economic Governance

Prior to 2008, numerous international relations scholars had predicted a looming crisis in global economic governance. Policy analysts have only reinforced this perception since the financial crisis, declaring that we live in a “G-Zero” world. This article takes a closer look at the global response to the financial crisis and reveals a more optimistic picture. Despite initial shocks that were more severe than the 1929 financial crisis, global economic governance structures responded quickly and robustly. Whether one measures results by outcomes, outputs, or process, formal and informal governance structures displayed surprising resiliency. Multilateral economic institutions performed well in crisis situations to reinforce open economic policies, especially in contrast to the 1930s. While there are areas where governance has either faltered or failed, on the whole, the system has worked. Misperceptions about global economic governance persist because the Great Recession has disproportionately affected the core economies; analysts have conflated national with global governance; and the efficacy of past periods of global economic governance has been badly overestimated. Why the system has worked better than expected remains an open question, but we can tentatively conclude that both the power of the United States and the resilience of neoliberal economic ideas were underestimated.

scholarly journals The consequences of the international financial crisis and the great recession in Argentina and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS ERNESTO FERRARI HAINES ◽  
FERNANDO FERRARI-FILHO ◽  
HERNAN NEYRA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
External Debt ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
International Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT The 2007-2008 international financial crisis (IFC) and the ‘Great Recession’ (GR) had worldwide effects. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, the reduction and improvement in composition of public external debt, the previous policy of international reserves accumulation combined with left-wing political affinity between governments, provided some space for countercyclical macroeconomic policies. Consequently, its governments were able to face the IFC and GR without following traditional tightened or pro-cyclical macroeconomic policies. This article examines the consequences of the IFC and the GR in Argentina and Brazil and the countercyclical macroeconomic policies that were implemented during the period 2009-2014.

scholarly journals Brazil responses to the international financial crisis: A successful example of Keynesian policies?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunha Moreira ◽  
Magalhães Prates ◽  
Fernando Ferrari-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
International Financial Crisis ◽  
Keynesian Economic

The paper analyses the economic policy responses of the Brazilian government to the international financial crisis. In doing so, the paper aims to answer a specific question: Can the economic policies implemented in 2008-09 be identified as Keynesian economic policies? It concludes that, despite the fact the Brazilian economic policies response to the international financial crisis seems remember Keynesian economic policies, it is not possible to argue that the recovery of the Brazilian economy can be considered a Keynesian showcase.

The Great Financial Crisis: an Ethical Rejoinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Charles Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Radical Reconstruction

The Great Financial Crisis that broke in 2008 and the Great Recession that followed has led many to question the very structure of contemporary economies. Some argue that the economic model of the past forty years is now broken. Criticism has also been directed at the orthodoxies of economics. For example, neoclassical equilibrium economics, the mainstream economics of the day, is accused of failing to understand some of the most basic aspects of the modern economy (debt and money), of supporting policies that have led to the economic breakdown (deregulation), and of failing to see the crisis coming (Bezemer 2012, Keen 2011). Consequently, heterodox thinking in economics is getting a hearing as never before. Heterodox economics offers itself as the requisite radical reconstruction of the science of economics and also proposes policies for the radical reconstruction of the major economics.Yet to talk of the reconstruction of the modern market economy is at the same time to raise the ethical question: what shape ought the market economy to take? Heterodox economics may acutely analyse the inadequacies of real economies and propose plausible reforms, but as an essentially descriptive science there will be limits on its ability to state what ought to be. Rather, what is required seems to be a systematic prescriptive ethics. In other words, recent events in the world of economics have provided an opening for what ethical philosophy should be best at providing. Determining whether a specific ethical philosophy, to be identified shortly, has the capacity to address the questions raised by heterodox economics is the task of this paper.

Are Busy Directors Harmful or Helpful? Evidence from the Great Recession

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradit Withisuphakorn ◽  
Pornsit Jiraporn
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
The Great Recession

Abstract We contribute to the debate on the costs and benefits of busy directors by investigating the effect of busy directors on firm value during a stressful time, i. e. during the Great Recession. Our results show that busy directors improve firm value significantly during the financial crisis. In particular, a rise in directors’ busyness by one standard deviation results in an improvement in Tobin’s q by 6.41 %. Directors with multiple board seats appear to help firms navigate the crisis more successfully, supporting the notion that multiple board seats signal higher quality. Outside the crisis period, however, we find that busy directors reduce firm value, consistent with many prior studies. Our results are crucial as they show that governance mechanisms function differently during stressful times than they do during normal times. Firms should exercise great caution before imposing limits on outside board seats on their directors.

Surviving the Great Recession: the influence of income inequality in US urban counties

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lewin ◽  
Philip Watson ◽  
Anna Brown
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The Great Recession

scholarly journals Financial shocks and inflation dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Angela Abbate ◽  
Sandra Eickmeier ◽  
Esteban Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Dual Mandate

Abstract We assess the effects of financial shocks on inflation, and to what extent financial shocks can account for the “missing disinflation” during the Great Recession. We apply a Bayesian vector autoregressive model to US data and identify financial shocks through a combination of narrative and short-run sign restrictions. Our main finding is that contractionary financial shocks temporarily increase inflation. This result withstands a large battery of robustness checks. Negative financial shocks help therefore to explain why inflation did not drop more sharply in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Our analysis suggests that higher borrowing costs after negative financial shocks can account for the modest decrease in inflation after the financial crisis. A policy implication is that financial shocks act as supply-type shocks, moving output and inflation in opposite directions, thereby worsening the trade-off for a central bank with a dual mandate.

scholarly journals Wealth Disparities Before and After the Great Recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian T. Pfeffer ◽  
Sheldon Danziger ◽  
Robert F. Schoeni
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Substantial Rise ◽  
American Families

The collapse of the labor, housing, and stock markets beginning in 2007 created unprecedented challenges for American families. This study examines disparities in wealth holdings leading up to the Great Recession and during the first years of the recovery. All socioeconomic groups experienced declines in wealth following the recession, with higher wealth families experiencing larger absolute declines. In percentage terms, however, the declines were greater for less advantaged groups as measured by minority status, education, and prerecession income and wealth, leading to a substantial rise in wealth inequality in just a few years. Despite large changes in wealth, longitudinal analyses demonstrate little change in mobility in the ranking of particular families in the wealth distribution. Between 2007 and 2011, one-fourth of American families lost at least 75 percent of their wealth, and more than half of all families lost at least 25 percent of their wealth. Multivariate longitudinal analyses document that these large relative losses were disproportionally concentrated among lower-income, less educated, and minority households.

The Role of Policy in the Great Recession and the Weak Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severe Recession

This paper reports on recent research showing that the severe recession of 2007-2009 and the weak recovery have been due to poor economic policies and the failure to implement good policies during the past decade. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and regulatory policy became more discretionary, more interventionist, and less predictable in comparison with the previous two decades of better economic performance. At best these policies led to growth spurts, but were followed by retrenchments, averaging to poor performance. The paper also considers alternative views-that the equilibrium interest rate declined during the decade and that the seriousness of financial crisis caused the slow recovery.

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